What enlightenment does Tang's thought of governing the country have on governing the country?

20 16-04-27 Chen huashi picks up historical events

It has been five years since the establishment of Dashang, but the drought that began in the late Xia Dynasty has never been solved. Seeing lakes dry up, rivers cut off, farmland cracked, and even more than half of the original lush forests died. Many farmers have no food, almost every family has starved to death, and some villages have no cigarettes at all. Looking at all this, Tang has lost the excitement of reigning, just wondering if he should kill Xia Xiang. I must have offended God (God originated in China, an ancient honorific title of China, and was later borrowed by Christianity). Now God has punished me. What should I do? Fortunately, the Prime Minister, Mr. Yi Yin, is relatively calm. He advised Shang Tang not to think too much, and to focus on disaster relief and reassuring people. At this time, Tang had been in power for many years, knowing the painstaking efforts of the sages of Iraq University, and decided to seek rain in the mulberry forest outside (now Shangqiu, Henan).

Shang Tang's generation ushered in the era of "democracy"

But according to the rules of praying for rain at that time, it was necessary to sacrifice people. The fortune teller told Tang this request, and then waited for Tang's order to choose a person as a sacrifice. At this point, Tang hesitated. If it doesn't rain, it doesn't mean that it is completely wrong for me to change my fate through drought in summer. Xia dynasty only worked for two years, but my business has worked for five years. I'd rather gamble than let people take the opportunity to slander big businessmen. I'll be a martyr myself. If my destiny is business, I will be blessed. Otherwise, at my age, even if I die, I can leave a thought for my children and grandchildren. Despite the opposition of ministers, Tang resolutely "cut off his hair and paws and sacrificed himself" and published the self-criticism of Six Things of Self-reproach, which really attracted the attention of many people. Then, he solemnly boarded the woodpile and said impassioned to God and his subjects before the bonfire was about to ignite: "The other one is guilty, and it is common to blame; Everyone is guilty, but only one is left. No one is so insensitive that gods and ghosts can hurt people's lives. " In other words, no matter who is guilty, Tang is now responsible for it. Please don't embarrass everyone in the world. If you want to kill him, you kill Don. I didn't expect that the words received by these generations really touched God, and the long-awaited heavy rain finally came. Of course, in the eyes of our descendants, this kind of thing can be said to be a coincidence, or it can be said that someone has predicted that it will rain, but what I want to say is that even today, the weather forecast is not so accurate, and there is no guarantee that it will rain before the firewood is lit. We can only say that if the prayer for rain in the mulberry forest is true, then Tang's luck is not generally good, otherwise God will be too busy. It seems that your life is bad, so don't dream of being king and appoint a mortal.

Soup is the beauty of his offspring, which means eliminating disability and abuse. His surname is Zi, whose name is Lu, also known as Tianyi, and he is the son of Zhu Gui, the leader of Shang tribe.

In order to better introduce the monarch, we might as well talk about the family history of the merchants first. This must start with Di Ku, one of the Five Emperors. This man is not only wise, but also found several good wives and gave birth to several sons, such as Yao, Ji and Qi. Even Di Zhi, the eldest brother with the worst evaluation in later generations, is very self-aware. When he found out that he was a bad emperor, he took the initiative to give way to Yao, thus making his story come true. The ancestor of Shang clan is Qi Xie, the son of Shang clan.

Legend has it that Di Ku's second princess was Judy, who had a Wa family (now Yongji, Shanxi). Judy once went back to her parents' house. At the vernal equinox, she took a bath with her sisters. A dark bird (swallow) flew over the pool where the sisters were swimming, and dropped an egg, which was just seen by her. The cruising family worships birds. When she saw these eggs, she thought they were sacred. Judy took them and swallowed them, so she got pregnant. In fact, the ancients could not figure out the mechanism of pregnancy, and they worshipped everything and reproduction in many ways. They often associate the birth of celebrities with animals and plants, miracles and so on. To praise the uniqueness of celebrities. Later emperors even participated in some visions when they were born, such as the red light filled the room and the reincarnation of Jinlong, which were all fantastic. Qi is a big celebrity, of course, he should be deified.

As his son, Qi is the second generation of Wang's wealthy family. Besides, his brothers are very strong, edify each other and have extraordinary natural abilities. When Qi grew up, he helped Dayu control water and made a lot of contributions. Shun Di sealed Shangqiu area for him, and let him be Stuart, focusing on education. The descendants of Qi established the Shang State in the name of the earliest commercial land sealed by their ancestors, and formed the Shang clan.

Young Shang countries must keep forging ahead with their own characteristics and strength if they want to survive and develop in the era of many vassals. There is no shortage of these two skills in business countries. The characteristics of businessmen are reflected in their business. It is precisely because of the emergence of the Shang State that China has four people (scholars, peasants, workers and businessmen) and later generations of merchants and businessmen (of course, material exchange is an essential part of social production, and it will inevitably appear as long as social production develops to a certain extent, but if there is no Shang State, it can only be called by different names).

The strength of the Shang State is reflected in the achievements of the Shang Hou in previous dynasties. He led the Shang clan to grow stronger and stronger, and finally realized the first armed revolution (regime change) in China history. For example, the third generation of Shang Hou Xiangtu served as the fire leader of Xia Dynasty. He domesticated the unruly fire beast and made it a horse to ride, which greatly increased the transportation and military strength of businessmen. At the same time, he took advantage of the loss of Wang Xia's status and was unable to control the east. With Shangqiu as the center, he extended the influence of merchants to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, established the East Capital near Mount Tai, and even got in touch with overseas. Later generations praised Xiangtu's achievements and said, "Xiangtu is brave and cut off from overseas." This means that Xiangtu has done a good job and all overseas governors have surrendered to him. If Han Zhuo hadn't been cruel enough and Shao Kang had been dragged enough, maybe at that time the world would have been replaced. Xiangtu not only tamed horses, but also tamed elephants (there were elephants in the Yellow River valley in ancient times, so there was no need to import them, and the word "Wei" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions seemed to be pictographic by hand), and he used the tamed elephants in the war of conquering Dongyi, which was called "the business service elephant abused Dongyi". The third generation tried hard to develop agriculture, but unfortunately died of water control and became heroes like Gong and Yu.

Wang Hai, one of the founders of merchants, is even more extraordinary. He is a model of the development of merchant characteristics and is honored as the founder of China merchants by later generations. He domesticated cattle and invented the ox cart, which led to the rapid development of agriculture and animal husbandry of Shang nationality and a large surplus of commodities. In order to solve the remaining problems, he took pains to lead the caravan to barter with other tribes, which expanded the business activities of the ancestors and earned a lot of wealth for the merchants. Unfortunately, when dealing with Hou Yijia (now Yixian County, Hebei Province), due to his own style problems, he was harmed by Yi Junmian, a greedy minister, and his body was cut into eight pieces. Fortunately, the Shang clan did not sink. Under the leadership of Wang Hai's son Shang Jiawei, they defeated You Yi. In order to commemorate Wang Hai's great contribution to the prosperity of the tribe, the merchants honored Wang Hai as the great ancestor, and he became the only Shang Xianjun who was king. It can be seen that during the three generations, Chinese ancestors still attached great importance to commerce.

Mr. Tang thrived in such a talented family. Tang became a Shang Hou, just in time for Mr. Jie to harm Xia, paving the way for Shang to take his place. But Tang knew that Xia people had a solid foundation and could not be taken lightly. He must be fully prepared for the success of the revolution. Tang first moved the capital back to Bo, which is close to the summer capital (merchants moved the capital many times in history), and then began to accumulate grain and grass, recruit soldiers and train troops. At the same time, he also recruited talents and strengthened his own rebel team. At this time, Yi Yin, Zhong You, Ru Gui, Rufang and others entered the collective leadership of Shang Dynasty. In particular, Mr. Yi Yin, who was originally Mrs. Tang's minion, was attracted by Tang's exquisite cooking. With the deepening of mutual understanding, Tang discovered that Yi Yin had realized a set of skills of governing the country from his own cooking skills, which was really a secret recipe of governing the country that could be seen, eaten and used, without even thinking about fire. So Yi Yin succeeded in the unexpected draft at that age when birth was important. He became a country with more than 10,000 people in the Shang Dynasty, and was in charge of state affairs together with Zhong Guo, a slave owner. He eventually became a thinker, politician, strategist, educator, diplomat and strategist in the history of China, and played a unique role in the establishment and stability of the Shang Dynasty.

With the help of the sages, Tang took advantage of the power of "seeking characteristics" granted by Xia Dynasty and embarked on a road of transformation and upgrading from a vassal state to a * * * master.

In order to stabilize his backyard, Tang decided to win it first. Gerber was a monarch loyal to Xia Jie, the eyes and ears of Xia Jie among the eastern governors, and a lazy man, even refusing to make sacrifices that were regarded as state affairs in ancient times. Tang sent messengers to ask why. Knowing that animal husbandry was developed and there were many cattle and sheep in Shang Dynasty, Gerber said: "It's not that I don't understand the importance of sacrifice, but that I need a lot of cattle and sheep every time. We have no cattle and sheep now, what else can we sacrifice? " After listening to the soup, people chose a batch of cattle and sheep to give to Gerber. I didn't know that Gerber killed all the cattle and sheep after cheating them away, and didn't sacrifice at all. Tang sent messengers to ask, and Gerber said, "We can't grow food in our fields. Without wine and rice as a tribute, of course, you can't sacrifice. " Tang sent people to help grow crops. But Gerber sent someone to rob it. The self-righteous Garbo didn't know that Tang knew his nature but deliberately disgusted him. When Don saw the fire coming, he sent his troops. With the support of the local people, it disappeared, and only Ge survived. Shang Tang not only solved the worries, but also fell into a beautiful relationship.

Shang Tang's generation ushered in the era of "democracy"

There is nothing to hold back, so it's time to clear the way. It happened that at this moment, Xia Jie had a rare sobriety and realized the crisis. He ordered Don to make a pilgrimage in summer. Obviously, this is a big conspiracy. At that time, Xia Qiang was in a weak position in business and occupied the title of * * * *. If Tang didn't go, it would prove that there was a ghost inside, or it might be abandoned because of a showdown in advance. If you go, it will give Xia Jie enough face, but Xia Jie has no excuse to start. After careful consideration, Tang went to Xiadu after taking necessary preventive measures. Sure enough, Xia Jie saw that the soup really came, but he couldn't get rid of it, so he had to put it in the summer terrace (Juntai) to see what would happen. At this point, Tang Wei looked obedient, waiting for the fate verdict with peace of mind, and Yi Yin, who was familiar with Xia Jie's nature, then sent many treasures, toys and beautiful women, which made Xia Jie feel that Tang Wei was at best a lion walking and a clown who would send money for himself, so he let people go with a wave of his hand.

Xia Jie's grasping the soup and putting it in the soup fully exposed its nature and card. It turns out that Xia is the owner of * * * *. He caught the soup and even killed it. Other governors have no temper even if they have emotions, but they are heartbroken for some treasures and beautiful women. But people see that Xia Jie is not a great man at all, but a tyrant and a bad king who loves to take advantage of petty advantages. On the contrary, Tang is a hero who knows that there are tigers in the mountains, and he is flexible and completely gentleman-like. He is a promising master worth following. "The princes rebelled against the soup and paid tribute to 500 countries that day."

Under the favorable situation, after Tang returned to Shang Dynasty, it was an obstacle on the way forward to negotiate with Yi Yin and Zhong You to conquer Wei and Gu. After some planning and preparation, Tang and Yi Yin led the allied forces to help merchants and princes attack Wei first. Faced with the siege of soldiers, it was too late to ask for help, and the commercial army perished. Guo Wei is gone, and the country is alone. Tang conquered the East, won the battle and then went to the next country. The land, property and people of Wei and Gu belong to businessmen. Later, soldiers from the Shang Dynasty pointed to Kunwu, a country rich in swords.

At this time, Kunwu is a big country, and the monarch is, so the relationship with Xia is extraordinary. When Wei and Gu were destroyed by the soup, he immediately reorganized Kunwu's army to prepare for the war. At the same time, there is an urgent need to send special envoys to summer day and night. Xia Jie was very angry after hearing the news, and ordered the "Jiuyi Division" to solicit business. Seeing that the situation had changed, Yi Yin quickly stopped Tang and said, "The people of Dongyi still listen to Jie. At this time, it is difficult to conquer, and the time to destroy summer is not yet ripe. It is better to send envoys to pay tribute to Jieli and wait for the opportunity. " Tang adopted Yi Yin's plan, so he went on strike and sent envoys to plead guilty. After reading the tribute and the memorial, Xia Jie consulted with the slaves around him. These minions also got generous gifts from businessmen. They said, "The king is a big country in the world. Who dares to resist? Since Shang Hou has admitted his mistake, he should be given a chance. " Xia Jie then ordered a truce and went on drinking and having fun.

I don't know that a year later, I don't know which embarrassing Xia Bo actually led an army to attack the Imperial College. I'm afraid I can't find a reasonable excuse for rebellion. Without saying anything, he immediately led the army to battle and cleaned up Kunwu for three transgressions and five times, and the east gate of the summer capital opened. Yi Yin made another suggestion: "We should have paid tribute to Valerian this year, so it is better not to pay tribute first and see Valerian's reaction." Tang happily accepted Yi Yin's plan.

When Xia Jie learned that Shang Tang not only destroyed Kunwu, but also stopped paying tribute, he was deeply grieved. Ordered the resurrection of "Jiuyi Division" to solicit business. Last time, the 91 branch was busy for a long time and didn't get any benefits. It almost had a problem with the soup that was gaining momentum. This time, the September 1st Division didn't want to take a chestnut from the fire, so it took time off to go home and rest.

Yi Yin, who thought everything was ready, only said "Yes" at this time, and Tang was the teacher.

Considering the situation at that time, there were many variables in attacking the monarch with ministers. In order to clean up Xia Jie as soon as possible, Yi Yin suggested that the Tang soldiers should be divided into two ways: all the way, with your pigeon as the commander-in-chief, leading the vassal army to attack from the front and hold off Xia Jun, which was futile. All the way Tang personally led the elite of the Shang army and implemented a circuitous strategy, advancing eastward from Shanxi and taking the summer capital directly. This is the murderer.

The course of the war proceeded according to Yi Yin's plan. Let's say that Tang, who was hale and hearty in his later years, and Zhong, who was of the same age, led an elite army of 70 chariots and 6,000 soldiers to sneak into Shanxi with the support or acquiescence of the governors along the way, and raised the banner of rebellion in shovel (now Yongji, Shanxi) to mobilize before the war. Tang (Tang Shi) made an impromptu speech, pointing out that "the summer is full of crimes, and the fate is in danger", encouraging the soldiers of the Shang army to fight bravely and swear to destroy the summer.

Surprised to hear that the backyard was on fire, he mobilized Xia Jun's main force, ignored Wang Ducheng, and hurried to find a decisive battle in Tang Dynasty. As a result, the first battle between the two armies was the market. It used to be the birthplace of the ancestral Covenant of the merchants and the holy land of the merchants. Shang Jun naturally won't let marching Xia Jun take advantage.

Shang Tang's generation ushered in the era of "democracy"

Xia Jie, who was unfavorable in the first battle, had to retreat to the wilderness of Mingtiao (now Fengqiu, Henan Province) and then fight with the Shang army. To tell the truth, in this crucial battle that decided the life and death of Xia Dynasty, Xia Jun devoted considerable enthusiasm. However, the weather is not beautiful. When the two armies were struggling, a thunderstorm fell from the sky, and the battle-hardened merchant army fought bravely without lightning protection, while Xia Jun, who was no longer brave and good at fighting, was demoralized, unstable and eventually collapsed. Xia Jie had to lead 500 down archers to escape eastward to Shanyang County (now Dingtao, Shandong Province). Seeing Xia Jie's defeat and escape, the three overreached countries immediately deployed Chen Bing to defend Xia Jie. Shang's army and yours fought in Jia (now Wenshang, Shandong). As a result, the Shang army defeated the Sanyan army and seized Sanyan's Baoyu and property. Xia Jie was later captured at Jiaomen, pardoned by the King of the Tang Dynasty, and exiled to Nanchao (now Chaohu, Anhui) to work as a businessman and develop the frontier. At that time, Xia Jie was waiting for death in Nanchao, a wild place. In addition to lamenting that "he regretted not killing the soup on the summer platform, so he ended up like this", the death knell of Xia Dynasty rang.

Don is not young at this time. He should seize the time to establish a new dynasty and leave a splendid landscape for his descendants. After Tang occupied Xiadu and appeased Xia people, he held a ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven, instilling in Xia people that Shang punished the guilty Jie according to God's will, so long as he obeyed Shang's orders, he could be pardoned. At this point, the man is a knife and I am a fish. The dead ministers and Xia adherents can only earnestly teach, and accept the leadership of merchants more humbly than Tang in those days. However, when Tang put forward the request of "moving to the Summer Festival", Xia's subjects protested collectively and resolutely refused, and finally managed to preserve their cultural foundation.

Later, Shang Tang returned to Xibo (now Yanshi, Henan Province) and held a meeting of "The Life of Jingbo" attended by many governors, which won the support of 3000 governors attending the meeting, gained the status of * * * Lord in the world, and announced the formal establishment of Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty, a slave dynasty with written records in the history of China, officially entered the historical stage.

Shang Tang's generation ushered in the era of "democracy"

If Tang was lenient before he became the Lord of * * *, there was a trace of goodwill hidden behind him, which provided a successful case for him to win the hearts of governors. It is also inevitable that the mulberry forest begged for rain and was suspected of being hit by the Universiade. However, through the ancient rhetoric mentioned by Tang, we can see that his generation actually put themselves among heaven and man, indicating that only they are the spokesmen of heaven and earth, which is the real meaning of his words. In the experience of generation after generation in the Tang Dynasty, the people became masters of their own affairs, which became the main vein of the relationship between the monarch, officials and the people in China. Since then, China has broken away from democracy in which the people are masters of their own affairs.

refer to

"Historical Records Yin Benji": "Sealed in the business, given the surname. On the occasion of Tang, Yu, and Dayu, the deeds are prosperous for the people and the people are safe. " It means that the deeds of making contributions to the people during the Yao, Shun and Yu dynasties were sealed in the commercial land by Shun Di and given the surname.

Chronology of Bamboo Slips: "Wang prayed for rain in the mulberry forest", which means that Shang Tang prayed for rain in the mulberry forest, and the rain fell from the sky.

Chronology of Bamboo Book: "Haibin, the son of Yin, was easy to lust, and was killed by the barbarian Mianchen and released. So the merchants of Yin took a micro-puppet division in Hebo, so as to cut it down and kill its monarch, Mianchen. In the middle of the decline, the Shang Dynasty revived slightly, and the merchants reported it. " It means that Hai, the leader of Shang clan, did an absurd thing when trading with You Yi, and was killed by Mianchen, the leader of You Yi. The son of the sea used Hebo's soldiers to crusade against foreigners, killed Mianchen and restored the Shang clan. Later businessmen all miss and admire him.

Chronology of Bamboo Slips: "Shang Dynasty recruited Xia Yi and Ke Kunwu. Thunderstorm means that the Shang army set out from shoveling the ground and defeated Kunwu. On a thunderstorm day, they fought Xia Jun in Mingtiao.