What is man's limit?

Its own speed limit, the current fastest speed 100 meters 9.48 seconds. The theoretical fastest speed of human 100-meter limit is 9.29 seconds, which is the product of pure ideal state. Considering the human body's resistance to air, the load capacity of muscles, and the power consumed by pedaling to obtain driving force, "mathematical experts" think that 9 seconds 64 is a more reasonable speed, because it is impossible for people to eliminate air resistance, and human muscle toughness is also certain. If the speed is too fast, the muscles will tear.

The concentration is limited, and the maximum concentration is sustainable 12 hours. The longer the time, the less attention will be paid.

The limit of vacuum state, you can live for one minute at most in vacuum state. In vacuum, people generally lose consciousness within 12- 15 seconds, and die about 1 minute. The disappearance of air will lead to the decrease of external pressure and the formation of bubbles in the blood, which will first cause damage to the lungs, and then nitrogen will be dissolved from the blood, resulting in damage to the nervous system.

memory limit

The maximum memory limit is 100 Mobidick. Moby Dick is a novel by the famous writer herman melville. Its 65,438+000 copies are equivalent to 125M of information storage. Experts from Bell Communications Research pointed out that this is the biggest memory limit in an adult's life.

The British "Independent" reported on June 5438+04 that researchers calculated the memory capacity of human brain for the first time, and found that the ability of human brain in this respect exceeded all computers. Those who predict that computers will surpass the human brain have been proved absolutely wrong.

According to the report, scientists who published the above calculation results in the journal Brain and Thinking said that although the memory capacity of the largest computer is 1 0,000,000,000 bytes (12 times 10), the memory capacity of the human brain is as high as 18 bytes. Researchers say that memory is the foundation of natural wisdom, and the memory capacity of human brain is still a mystery, because no one can establish a suitable calculation model to measure it. The number of neurons in the human brain is known, which is about 654.38+000 billion. Based on this, many analysts put forward the view that computers will soon surpass human brains. But researchers are not limited to this angle. They use a series of algorithms to calculate the total memory of the human brain, including a large number of different neural networks. This discovery may change the thinking of computer design. Future computers may not add bytes, but imitate the human brain, especially pay more attention to neural networks.

Body temperature limit

Minimum body temperature limit: 13.7 degrees Celsius

The core temperature of a person is 37 degrees Celsius. Generally speaking, the outside temperature is around 20 degrees Celsius, which will lead to a drop in body temperature. Once the body temperature drops to 36 degrees Celsius, people's reaction and judgment ability will be weakened; It will be difficult to walk down to 35 degrees; When it drops to 33 degrees, people will lose their minds; At 30 degrees, people will lose consciousness. When the core temperature reaches 24 degrees Celsius, the heartbeat will stop. However, the lowest temperature record in the world is 13.7 degrees Celsius.

Maximum body temperature limit: about 46.5℃

Solution: This is also a result proved by examples. 1980, the temperature in Atlanta, Georgia, USA is 32.2℃. Willie Jones, 52, was admitted to Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta for heatstroke. At that time, his body temperature reached the highest record of 46.5℃, and it took 24 days to completely cool down.

It is suggested that the upper limit of normal axillary temperature is usually 37.4℃. If you have a fever, the maximum temperature will reach 42℃.

Ambient temperature limit

Ambient temperature limit: about 1 16℃ Solution: This is the temperature at which the human body can breathe.

Scientists have experimented with the highest temperature that the human body can endure in a dry air environment: the human body can persist in 1 hour in an environment of 7 1℃; At 82℃, it can last for 49 minutes; At 93℃, it can last for 33 minutes; At 104℃, it can only last for 26 minutes. However, according to the relevant literature, the limit temperature that the human body can tolerate seems to be higher.

Dietary restriction

You can live for a week at most without eating or drinking. It depends on the rate of water loss in the body. Without water, the blood in the body will become more and more viscous, circulation will become difficult, blood pressure will drop, and heart rate will increase rapidly. A person can live for 73 days without food, but for a week without water. Sleep restriction is 264 hours at most. Experts pointed out that, generally speaking, people will feel very uncomfortable after 36 hours without sleep, and their bodies will fall asleep uncontrollably after 48 hours. If people don't sleep for 50 hours in a row, their activity ability and physical strength will decline; If we put the subjects in a room alone on this basis. Subjects will have hallucinations and baby-like behavior; If you stay up for 70 hours. Attention and feeling will be paralyzed; 120, you will fall into a state of insanity. Not sleeping for a long time will make people's mood fluctuate, leading to decreased memory and attention, uncoordinated movements, slurred speech, hallucinations and so on. The maximum gravity acceleration that can bear the gravity speed limit is 31.25g g. When the roller coaster swoops down, people will feel dizzy and sick only if they bear five times the gravity acceleration. The maximum record of human beings bearing the acceleration of gravity is 31.25g. If they are not trained, they will generally lose consciousness if they bear 6g. The highest altitude that can be reached by altitude restriction is 9000 meters. High altitude can lead to hypoxia, and the first reaction of altitude sickness is headache and dizziness. Mike Glocott, an expert at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, said that if people stay at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters for a long time, it will lead to muscle atrophy, a significant increase in the risk of lung and hydrocephalus, and a decline in male fertility. The radiation limit can withstand radiation up to 7 sieverts (radiation measurement unit). According to the data of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the carcinogenic rate will increase by 0.0 1 .065 for every exposure to1sievert radiation. Generally speaking, the radiation amount of X-rays is 160 millisieverts/hour (1 millisieverts = 1000 millisieverts). The radiation dose around Seaver will lead to premature death, while Seaver may lead to immediate death. The maximum breathing limit can hold your breath 15 minutes. Swedish experts pointed out that holding one's breath for a long time may lead to a 37% increase in the content of S 100B protein in blood, which is a sign of hypoxic brain damage. Blood loss limit

The blood of a healthy adult is about 3.8 to 5.6 liters. If your blood loss exceeds 15%, your pulse will increase, and you may feel dizzy and cold. If the blood loss reaches 40%, it will affect the blood return to the atrium, thus causing tachycardia symptoms. Theoretical limit: 1.9 to 2.8 liters, accounting for about 50% of the total human blood.

Current record: it accounts for about 75% of the total human blood. 1987 found a cancer patient with only 0.9 liters of blood in his body, but after a few weeks, the blood gradually lost.

Chi la Ji xian

The active ingredient in curry or pepper is called capsaicin. The more capsaicin, the hotter it feels. The capsaicin content in common Tabas Jiela soy sauce is about 2.6 parts per ten thousand, while the capsaicin content in Havana red pepper can reach 17.

Although capsaicin itself will not cause chemical burns or other direct tissue damage, it has a great influence on the nervous system. In addition to incredible pain, your tears and runny nose will get out of control, your upper body will twitch and you will have difficulty breathing within 30 to 45 minutes.

In fact, the heat we can bear is only five times that of pepper used by the police to prevent riots. If you are a healthy person with no history of heart disease or asthma, a teaspoon of pure capsaicin won't kill you, but you won't want to eat anything else for hours.

Noise limit

125 decibels can make people feel headache. The sound that humans can tolerate is 160 decibels. Once you exceed this number, your eardrum may have burst.

The loudest sound ever recorded by mankind was 1883, when the decibel reached 180. Excessive sound will do harm to human internal organs. If people hear 200 decibels within 20 kilometers, pressure waves will damage their lungs, causing outside air to enter the blood and causing fatal pulmonary embolism.

Theoretical limit: 200 decibels

Current record:175db. T-429 tactical explosive stun Grenade developed by the United States. At a distance of 2 meters, 175 decibels will be generated.

The strength limit can lift heavy objects up to 457.5 kilograms. Experts from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles pointed out that how much weight a person can finally lift depends on the number of muscle fibers. Generally speaking, people with short limbs have greater strength. Endure the limits of strength

Each muscle fiber of muscle tissue can generate a force of about 0.3 micro Newton, and each square centimeter of muscle can generate a force of about 100 Newton (about 10 kg). However, the forearm bones will be crushed under the pressure of about 5000 kg. If we assume that the arm muscles can provide half of the strength, and the rest comes from the legs, hips and shoulders, then you still need to mobilize the triceps and all the muscles around 55 cm to achieve this strength.

Theoretical limit: 5000 kg

Current record: 300 kg. 193 1 max baer, the world heavyweight champion, hit a fatal blow in the confrontation with his opponent Ernie shaff. Shaf never recovered and died six months later.

Heartbeat limit

Heart rate limit: 65438+220 beats per minute.

Solution: This refers to the formula for calculating the limit of heart movement, that is, the maximum heart rate of human body. So far, science has found that the heart can work at the maximum number of heartbeats. Beyond this value, the heart cannot continue to complete its normal pumping function. Scientific research has found that even if you take part in physical exercise, it is impossible to exceed this limit when testing and evaluating the exercise effect.

Tip: Extreme sports are the same as facing emergencies. If people are often in a state of emergency fighting, they will feel particularly powerless as soon as this process is over. In the long run, you will overdraw your life.

Cardiac arrest limit: about 4 hours

Solution: There was an example: 1987, a Norwegian fisherman named Jan Egil Rafstahl unfortunately fell into ice water in the waters near Bergen. When he was taken to the hospital, his temperature had dropped to 24℃ and his heart had stopped beating. But when he was connected to the artificial heart-lung machine, his heart miraculously recovered.

Residual limit of kidney

Residual limit of kidney: about 30%

Solution: The functional unit of the kidney is nephron, and there are about 2 million nephrons on both sides of the kidney, which makes the kidney have greater compensatory function. When the nephron loss caused by various pathogenic factors reaches about 60% ~ 70%, the remaining healthy nephron can still meet the physiological function needs of the body.

It is suggested that renal insufficiency will occur if the residual nephron is further reduced to below 30%. When it is lower than 10% ~ 15%, symptoms of uremia will appear.

Odor discrimination limit

Odor discrimination limit: about 3000 kinds.

Solution: The average person can distinguish more than a dozen different smells, while the trained olfactory has been able to distinguish and remember more than 400 smells after graduation. In the future, they will further enhance this ability in continuous practical operation. They should be familiar with at least 2,000 kinds of smells, and those who are excellent can remember about 3,000 kinds of smells.

The hottest place on earth: the Azizia Desert in Libya. Average temperature: 57.8 degrees Celsius.

The human body temperature is generally maintained between 36.5 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius. If you exercise for a long time, it may rise to 40 degrees Celsius. But if it reaches 4 1 degree Celsius, the body will face the danger of heatstroke. If it reaches 44 degrees Celsius, death is inevitable. Similarly, if the body temperature drops below 36 degrees Celsius, the hope of survival is slim. The human body's tolerance for temperature changes is indeed very limited.

Every organ of the human body can't resist the attack of high temperature, but the brain is the most fragile organ. When the human body starts to adapt to the high temperature, it will start to sweat. Sweating can lead to the loss of some electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chlorine. In addition, the heart rate will also increase. The microvessels in the skin expand, so that the heat in the body can be radiated more effectively. However, with the increase of temperature, the cells in the body will be damaged, because the high temperature hinders the smooth flow of blood, resulting in dry cells and the cell wall can not transmit living substances.

Although we can tolerate the temperature of the sauna room as high as 90 degrees Celsius, it is better not to deliberately experience the high temperature. When the brain cells reach 4 1 celsius, it is no exaggeration to say that we have been bombed. Tarchi people in Africa and other people living in desert areas know that the key to adapting to high temperature weather is to wear multi-layer clothes and completely wrap the head and body. Even so, thousands of people die on the way to Mecca every year.

If the water shortage in the body reaches 15%, people will die. However, camels have the ability to store water in their bodies, because they can regulate their body temperature and avoid sweating. Perhaps the only thing humans can do in the face of high temperature is to invent air conditioning.

When the body temperature drops to 35 degrees Celsius, the body's ability to resist the cold begins to decline, and coma will occur below 27 degrees Celsius. If you fall into cold water at the South Pole, you will die within 15 minutes.

In outer space, astronauts can't live without the protection of spacesuits, even if it is 1 minute. Weightlessness is the biggest problem that astronauts encounter. On the one hand, blood will accumulate in the chest and head, causing congestion and loss of taste; On the other hand, weightlessness can also lead to dizziness, nausea and imbalance. Vomiting in the spacesuit will cause greater danger, because in the absence of gravity, waste can't fall, which will lead to suffocation.