The art of Fuzhou, urgent!

Four Treasures of the Study, Fuzhou: Cork painting, horn comb, bodiless lacquerware, Shoushan stone.

The legend of bodiless lacquerware:

Forty years after Qianlong, a family named Shen lived next to the Chenghuang Temple in the northeast corner of Fuzhou Gulou, and opened a small grocery store to sell paper masks and other items. A young couple, parents died young, no children. The husband's surname is Shen An and the wife's surname is Li. Life is poor, but life is smooth. At the end of one year, every household was busy with the New Year's Eve dinner, but the Shenyang family was worried about cooking without rice. Li stood beside her husband with a rice bag and asked for money to buy rice. Shao An squatted on the ground and put up a paper mask. He has no money to buy rice for his wife. He couldn't help sighing and said, "It's unfair that his hands are worn out and he can't mix two meals!" I clapped my hands with paste, stood up and said, "quit!" " "Li also sighed and said," Well, I didn't become famous, and I didn't make a cent and a half selling paper masks. I wish I had a cloth mask and a silk mask, which are worth several pieces. Who told us to be poor! "Little Ann is lee said, he felt that his paper mask is not easy to be small grocery store paste. If paper masks can be turned into cloth masks and silk masks, it will be valuable. "Cloth mask, silk mask", Shao An suddenly became interested in these two words of his wife and sat in the grocery store in a daze. At this time, Li's brother-in-law came back. Today, he drew another picture for others, earned thirty-five coppers and bought rice for his sister.

Li, whose parents died early, was brought up by her sister. Although I am 0/6 years old this year, I still live with my sister and brother-in-law. Since he was a child, he likes painting, self-taught, and self-taught. He can draw portraits with a few strokes of flowers and birds, and he is also very good at it. From time to time, customers ask him for paintings. He painted all the faces on the paper mask with ink. At this time, Shao An saw his brother-in-law come back and quickly took him to sit down. He said absently, "Imitation is appropriate. Brother-in-law wants to make cloth masks and silk masks. What do you think? " Li Bai gave his brother-in-law a look and said with a smile, "Brother-in-law, you are a bit whimsical! Cloth masks and silk masks are expensive and expensive. Can children afford it? " Shao An said: "If children can't afford it, they will sell it to adults." Yiyi smiled and said, "Adults are crazy to buy flower masks!" " Shao An said solemnly, "Imitation is appropriate. Listen to my brother-in-law I want to make vases or tea sets out of flax or silk, just like the way to make paper masks. What do you think? " Li said happily, "This is also a new trick. We might as well try! " Brother-in-law and brother-in-law really started working. The flower mask is blurred with wood, and the vase is also made of wood mold. Cut it in half, then put it together and paste it with raw lacquer, which can hold water and penetrate through the gap. It took half a month, but there was still no result. The paper mask stopped, and the income became more tense, which made Shen Shaoan seriously ill. Poor and sick, Li went to the Chenghuang Temple and cried and burned incense. He worshipped Sapu and invited Xiangdan. Zhang, a temple, saw Li's appearance and asked why. Li told the story of her husband's failure in trying to make a cloth vase. A wink in the temple. After a moment's meditation, he said to Li, "It's all right. Your husband's illness will get better soon. I'll write a prescription, and you can show it to him! " Zhang wrote a square, folded it into a secret note and told Li, "Go home and give it to Shao An yourself!" " Li Xin thought it was true and a prescription, so he hurried home. Shen Shaoan read Zhang's notes, which was very effective. He was half better, got up and walked to the city god temple. Li was relieved to help him to see Zhang. It turned out that Zhang's note said, "There is a way to trial-produce cloth vases. Come to the temple and have a look." Shao' an is certainly willing to get sick. Zhang took Shen Shaoan to the bell tower. He pointed to a big copper bell weighing more than 500 Jin and asked, "Ann, how do you think such a big copper bell was cast?" Shao An replied, "It was cast in a mold." Zhang Buer asked again: "What mold is used?" Shao An is a clever man, and he will understand at once. He took Zhang's hand and jumped and said, "Well, my cloth vase can be made of clay without caesarean section." Zhang said with a big smile, "Are you all right now?" Shen Shaoan said excitedly: "Well, my illness is cured!" Li Xiangzhang bowed deeply and made a wish to the temple to express his gratitude. After Shen Shaoan came home, he and Li began to make molds out of clay. After half a month's efforts, the first cloth vase and the first generation of bodiless lacquerware were finally born.

The legend of cork painting:

It is said that in 19 13 years after the Revolution of 1911, someone brought back a painting similar to "woodcut painting" from Germany. Inspired by this, local folk sculptors Chen Chunrun, Zheng, etc. Taking the cork tree imported from Spain, Portugal and Arabia as the main raw material, this soft, elastic and fine-grained cork is cut into thin slices, and hand-carved with a knife instead of a pen by using various traditional carving techniques in China to make a complex picture with fine texture, and using a limited frame,

The legend of horn comb:

There is a good legend about horns. One year, there was a severe drought in Gu Hua, when the springs dried up and nothing grew. A large number of cattle and sheep died, and countless people died of thirst. Seeing that the Huarui people were tortured by arrows, a huge white yak appeared under the Maya Snow Mountain with two extra-large horns on its head. A roar rushed to the boulder, and the two corners were deeply inserted under the boulder. The white yak fell to the ground with its head broken and its blood spattered several feet. Huarui nation was saved. People buried the white yak in tears and presented the broken horns on the incense table. Up to now, white yak totem and horns are sacred objects and symbols of Huarui nationality.

Shoushan Stone (multiple versions):

In the long history of 1500 years, there are some beautiful legends and myths about Shoushan stone in the folklore of various dynasties.

"Nu Wa's legacy is in the world"

According to legend, when chaos first opened and Gankun was like drinking, a woman named Nu Wa traveled across the sky with Xiangyun and saw Cangshan Mountain and Shoushan River, which touched the fairy's heart and scattered colorful colored stones used to make up the sky among the fields, forests and rivers of Shoushan Mountain. The colored stones in the sky were scattered on the fertile fields around Shoushan River. Some colored stones are influenced by natural weather and float in streams and rivers, forming oval creeks, creeks, ox horn jelly, crystal jelly, agate jelly and ring jelly, and more colored stones float in sandy clay on rolling hills and slopes, forming a wide variety of Shoushan stones, such as alpine stones, slates, big rocks, hibiscus stones, Ling Du stones, whole lion peaks and cattle.

There is also a saying that "the stone left by Nu Wa is in the world". In ancient times, the sky fell apart. In order to save mankind, the great mother of the Chinese nation, Nu Wa, once tried to mend the sky by refining stones. After the goddess filled the sky, there were still many lingshi of different sizes, so she toured the land of China. Finally, she found the beautiful mountains and rivers in Shoushan, Fuzhou, so she scattered these lingshi, which had been used to fill the sky, on the land of Shoushan, that is, Tian Huangshi in the paddy field of Shoushan. The legend of Huangshi in Shoushan Stone Field is even more fascinating, because in the 9.6 million square kilometers of our great motherland, or even the whole earth, why does this precious gem only exist in the rice fields of Shoushan Mountain? This is not the result of our great mother Nu Wa's special care for Shoushan.

Phoenix eggs stay in the world

According to legend, the Phoenix Goddess sent a patrol to Shoushan, a suburb of Beifeng, Fuzhou, and dropped clouds on the way. Under the beautiful scenery of Shoushan Mountain, she lowered clouds on the way, rested for a while in the quiet Shan Ye of Shoushan Mountain, drank the natural spring water at the top of Jinshan Mountain, ate the ganoderma lucidum fruit in Monkey Pond, bathed in the clear spring of Shoushan River, and then slept soundly with the peak. When she woke up, she slept soundly. Her feathers became more colorful and plump, which made her homesick for Shoushan. When she left, she was reluctant to part with the sadness, which enabled her to reproduce in this beautiful mountain. Later, these eggs became glittering and colorful Shoushan stones.

Chen Changshou made a fortune by picking up stones.

Legend has it that Shoushan in Beifeng was not called Shoushan in the past. At the foot of the mountain lived a woodcutter named Chen Changshou. He likes playing chess very much, and his chess skill is very high. One day, when Chen Changshou went up the mountain, he saw two old people playing chess on a big stone, and his heart itched, so he stood beside him fascinated. The two old people were amused and said, "Sir, can you play chess?" Chen Changshou nodded and said with a smile, "I know a lot." The two old people were happy: "Well, let's play a game of chess with our husband." Unexpectedly, Chen Changshou won several games of chess. The old man said, "I didn't expect there to be such a high chess skill in the world." We all lost to you today, and there is nothing to send. I will give you this chess game! I don't have to cut wood in the future, and I have a good life. "After all, they all left. Knowing that the two old people must be immortals, Chen Changshou packed his chess pieces and knelt on the big stone to thank the immortals for the chess.

Chen Changshou won a game of chess, but he didn't forget to chop wood before he went home. He was chopping wood while thinking about playing chess. But accidentally, all the chess in the bag fell to the ground. I'm going to get it. Strangely, all the chess pieces suddenly turned into colorful small stones. Small stones grow into big stones, and big stones give birth to small stones. He picked it up and held it for a while. Chen Changshou is not greedy. He picked up some small stones, picked up a load of firewood and went home, telling his wife that God had given him chess. The wife said, "You are so stupid. These stones may be treasures and can be sold for a lot of money. " . You don't have to cut wood tomorrow. Let's go to the mountain to pick up stones. "From then on, Chen Changshou and his wife went up the mountain to pick up stones every day. These stones can really be unsatisfactory: look at the sky, it's getting dark, and almost all the stones have been picked up. But the next day, many stones will be born, enough for Mr. and Mrs. Chen Changshou to pick up.

It is said that Chen Changshou picked up many stones, put them in a bag and shipped them to Fuzhou, so he sold them for a lot of money. After that, I stopped chopping wood for a living. Chen Changshou made a fortune by picking up stones on the mountain and became famous. This mountain will be named "Shoushan" after him. Those small stones are also called "Shoushan Stone".

"honey fossil"

Legend has it that Shoushan Stone was a farmer and Li Tian was a beekeeper all his life during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. From which generation did he start collecting flowers and making honey? Golden chalcedony and chalcedony fused together and were buried in the soil for a long time, forming bones. For example, amber is made of Millennium pine, that is, the majestic Shoushan stone is made of bees and honey buried deep underground for many years.

Monks look for stones.

Legend has it that in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a monk, and some legends said that (the emperor) set up a "platform" on Shoushan, laying the foundation for heaven and chanting scriptures, which was very sincere. For several days and nights in a row, he stayed up for a long time, touching God, that is, colorful stones fell from the sky and became colorful stones. This is Shoushan stone, so Shoushan stone is a treasure falling from the sky.

Gan Long Yimeng

According to legend, Emperor Qianlong once had a dream that he was summoned by the Jade Emperor. The Jade Emperor gave him a piece of Yellowstone and three Chinese characters "Fushoutian". After waking up, Emperor Qianlong was very happy and thought it was a "good omen", but he couldn't understand the dream. The next day, he called ministers to "interpret dreams" for himself. A minister in Fujian province told him at once that because it coincided with the word "longevity day" given by the jade emperor, Emperor Qianlong was very happy after hearing it and thought it was indeed a gift from heaven. From then on, he had to offer a piece of Tian Huang in the repentance center to pray for many blessings and longevity from God. In the eyes of the Qing emperor, Tian Huang's position surpassed all treasures, and according to folklore, Tian Huangshi can ward off evil spirits and prolong life, which cast a mysterious color on Tian Huangshi. Therefore, Tian Huangshi has always been a treasure that people dream of, and because of this, the paddy fields in Shoushan Village have been dug countless times since the Qing Dynasty, and now Tian Huang is almost out of production. In the Republic of China, there was a saying that "Tian Huang's one or two fields were three or two gold", but now a very ordinary Tian Huang costs ten thousand yuan, and its price has already exceeded "Tian Huang's one or two fields are twelve gold", and there are even more fine Tian Huang.

Tian Huang treats diseases.

Another legend: another legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the world was in chaos and the people were poor. In Fengyang, Anhui, there was a poor boy named Zhu Yuanzhang who fled to Shoushan, Fuzhou to avoid disaster. He was hungry and cold, but he was caught in a heavy rain and hid in the cave where Shoushan Stone farmers dug Shoushan Stone. It rained for several days and he slept in the cave for several days. Zhu Yuanzhang slipped and a miracle happened. His scabies died suddenly. It turned out that he slept on the stone powder of Tian Huangshi, and Tian Huangshi cured him. Later, he became the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty and sent eunuchs to mine Tian Huangshi.

In fact, the discovery history of Tian Huangshi is very short, and it was unknown to people in the early and middle Ming Dynasty. Its discovery was purely accidental. According to Shi Hongbao (Fujian Miscellaneous Notes) in Qing Dynasty, the cause turned out to be an old farmer who went to town to sell grain. Because the burden was light and heavy, he took a piece of Huang Shitou dug out of the ground and put it on the light end. When passing by the famous writer Cao Xueshuan's house, he was discovered by Cao Xue and began to "get to the bottom of it". I had some knowledge about Tian Huang, but I didn't pay attention to it. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, a man in the harem (now Fuzhou) wrote a stone-watching record, which vividly described more than 40 pieces of Shoushan stone/kloc-0 that he saw in the homes of more than ten friends, which were divided into three types: difficult, first-rate and wonderful. But from the text,

Later, Mao Qiling, a native of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, wrote a record of looking at stones in the back. Although he put forward the idea of "pit first" for the first time, he still emphasized color rather than quality in specific articles. The thirteen "top grades" listed in the book are wormwood green, sheep fat, pigeon eye sand (red rock) and blue sky (sky blue frozen), which is enough from one aspect. May be in the Yongzheng period, in Beijing, to cherish the Yong Zhengdi gave him thirteen brother Zhang two giant Tian Yunxiang. It can also be seen that Yong Zhengdi attached importance to Tian Huangshi. During the Qianlong period, Tian Huangshi won the appreciation of Emperor Qianlong, and since then he has achieved the lofty status of "King of Stone" and "Emperor of Stone".