Yueliang primary school popular science knowledge daquan

1. Popular science knowledge about the moon

The moon seen by human naked eyes, also known as the moon, mysterious earth, Chanjuan and Pan Yu in ancient times, is the satellite of the earth and the fifth largest satellite of the solar system. The diameter of the moon is about a quarter of that of the earth, and its mass is about 181 times that of the earth.

The moon is the largest known satellite on the earth, and its surface is covered with craters formed by the impact of small celestial bodies. The average distance between the moon and the earth is about 384,400 kilometers, which is about 30 times the diameter of the earth.

The moon may have formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Shortly after the formation of the earth, there were several hypotheses about its origin. The theory supported by more factual evidence is that it was formed in the theory of the origin of the great collision, and the debris generated by the huge collision between the earth and the Martian-sized celestial body "Teia" gathered around the earth.

Extended data:

The moon revolves around the earth with a period of 27.5438+066, which happens to be a sidereal moon, so we can't see the back of the moon. This phenomenon, which we call "synchronous rotation" or "tidal locking", is almost a universal law in the satellite world of the solar system.

It is considered to be the result of long-term tidal action of satellites on the planet. Balance is a wonderful phenomenon, which shows us 59 planes. There are mainly the following reasons:

1. In different parts of the elliptical orbit, the rotation speed does not match the revolution angular speed.

2, the intersection of the white road and the equator.

The appearance of the moon moves half an hour relative to the background sky, which is similar to the apparent diameter of the moon surface. Unlike other satellites, the orbital plane of the moon is closer to the ecliptic plane than the equatorial plane of the earth. Relative to the starry background, the time required for the moon to go around the earth (the moon rotates) is called the sidereal month.

The time between the new moon and the next month (or the time between two identical stages) is called the lunar month. The reason why the moon is longer than the sidereal moon is that when the earth runs on the moon, it moves forward a distance in its orbit around the sun.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Moon (Name of Celestial Body)

2. 10 scientific knowledge about the moon

The moon, commonly known as the moon, is a satellite orbiting the earth. It is the only natural satellite on the earth. It is also the closest celestial body to the earth (with an average distance of 384,400 kilometers). The moon is the most thoroughly studied celestial body. The second celestial body visited by human beings so far is the moon. The moon is about 4.6 billion years old. Like the earth, the moon has a layered structure such as shell, mantle and core. The average thickness of the outermost lunar shell is about 60-65 kilometers. Depth below the lunar shell 1000 km. It occupies most of the volume of the moon. Below the moon's mantle is the moon's core, whose temperature is about 1000 degrees, which is likely to be in a molten state. The diameter of the moon is about 3476 kilometers, which is 1/4 of the diameter of the earth and 1/400 of the diameter of the sun. The distance from the moon to the earth is equivalent to 1/ of the distance from the earth to the sun. So from earth, the moon is as big as the sun. The volume of the moon is only 1/49 of that of the earth, and its mass is about 735 billion tons, which is equivalent to about 1/80 of the mass of the earth. The gravity on the surface of the moon is about 1/6 of that of the earth.

3. Scientific knowledge about the moon

The moon is smaller than the earth, with a diameter of 3476 kilometers, which is about 3/ 1 1.

The surface area of the moon is about114 of the surface area of the earth, slightly smaller than that of Asia. Its volume is 1/49 of the earth, in other words, the earth has 49 satellites. The mass of the moon is1/81of the earth; The average density of matter is 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter, which is only 3/5 of the density of the earth.

The gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth, that is to say, something weighing 6 kilograms will only weigh 1 kg on the moon. When people walk on the moon, their bodies look relaxed and they can jump up with a little effort. Astronauts think that walking on the moon seems more enjoyable than walking on the earth.

4. Scientific knowledge about the moon

The relationship between the moon and the earth. It is away from the earth at a speed of three centimeters per year. A billion years ago, it was only half as long as it is now.

Ancient Moon The ancient moon hangs motionless in the sky around Gansu and Xinjiang in China (that is, the revolution speed of the moon can keep pace with the rotation speed of the earth), and it is very close to the earth, where mountains and valleys can be seen. Later, due to the impact of celestial bodies on the moon, the revolution speed of the moon was accelerated, which increased the centrifugal force of the moon and was far away from the earth, thus triggering global tides and causing major floods. Evidence: 1: the sky tilt occurred in the northwest of China. There is a saying in China that "the sky rises by ten feet". 3. Maya civilization has a better understanding of celestial bodies in the universe than human beings today, but there is no record of the moon in Mayan civilization. 4. Archaeologists found that the ancient tombs in China all face northwest or north, which accords with the principle of "Ascending to Heaven after death". In Yao's legend, the moon used to be very close to the earth, and you could see the mountains and valleys on the moon. 6. In Indian legends, it didn't exist before. There has been a moon since the flood. 7. Before Dayu controlled the water, there was no record of the moon moving, only the legend that "Lapras, the Yellow Emperor God, was between heaven and earth". 8. There were floods released by Noah, Dayu controlled the water and Indians. The legend of the great flood has spread in various cultures around the world. The extinction of Mayan civilization was at the time of the great flood, and archaeologists also believe that there was a worldwide great flood. 9. There is a legend of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in China. Unless you see high mountains and valleys on the moon, 10: Modern science has proved that the moon is really far away from the earth [edit this paragraph] The basic situation of the moon is basically without water, so there is no weathering, oxidation and water corrosion on the earth, and there is no sound transmission. There is a silent world everywhere. The moon itself does not shine, the sky is always dark, and the sun and stars can appear at the same time.

There is almost no atmosphere on the moon, so there is a great temperature difference between day and night on the moon. During the day, where the sun shines vertically, the temperature is as high as127.25℃; The temperature at night can be as low as-183.75℃.

Because there is no atmospheric barrier, the intensity of sunlight on the surface of the moon is stronger than that on the earth 1/3 or so. The intensity of ultraviolet rays is also much stronger than the surface of the earth. Due to the lack of atmosphere on the moon, many strange phenomena will be seen on the moon, such as the dark sky on the moon, direct sunlight and brilliant sunshine; It's dark where you can't shine.

Therefore, we can see that the surface of the moon is bright and dark. As there is no air to scatter light, the stars on the moon no longer seem to twinkle.

The moon is full of rocks and craters. The whole surface of the moon is covered with gravel and residual soil.

The surface of the moon seen from the earth has bright areas and dark gray parts. The original bright part is the mountains and highlands on the surface of the moon, and the dark gray part is the plain on the surface of the moon.

The moon is smaller than the earth, with a diameter of 3476 kilometers, which is about 3/ 1 1. The surface area of the moon is about114 of the surface area of the earth, slightly smaller than that of Asia. Its volume is 1/49 of the earth, in other words, the earth has 49 satellites.

The mass of the moon is1/81of the earth; The average density of matter is 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter, which is only 3/5 of the density of the earth. The gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth, that is to say, something weighing 6 kilograms will only weigh 1 kg on the moon.

When people walk on the moon, their bodies look relaxed and they can jump up with a little effort. Astronauts think that walking on the moon seems more enjoyable than walking on the earth. The moon is the closest celestial body to the earth. It is the only natural satellite orbiting the earth, with an average distance of about 384,400 kilometers.

The moon's orbit around the earth is circular, with an average distance of 363,300 kilometers at perigee (when it is closest to the earth) and 405,500 kilometers at apogee (when it is farthest from the earth), with a difference of 42,200 kilometers. The moon, like the earth, is a flat ball with slightly flat north and south poles and slightly higher equator.

Its average polar radius is 500 meters shorter than the equatorial radius, and the north and south poles are also asymmetrical. The North Pole rises and the South Pole sinks about 400 meters. When the moon goes around the earth, it also goes around the sun with the earth.

That is to say, after the moon orbits the earth once, the space position it returns to is not the original starting point. It can be seen that the moon should participate in the movement of various systems in the process of movement.

Like other celestial bodies, the moon is always in motion. The moon moves from west to east by more than 13 degrees on average every day, so the moon rises about 50 minutes later than the previous day.

The rise and fall of the moon is a reflection of the earth's rotation; The movement from west to east is the result of the moon's revolution around the earth. One revolution of the moon around the earth is called "sidereal moon", with an average of 27 days, 7 hours and 43 minutes 1 1 sec.

When the moon revolves around the earth, it also rotates. The moon's rotation period is equal to period of revolution, that is, 1: 1, and the time for the moon to go around the earth is the rotation period.

As a result of this strange rotation of the moon, the moon always faces the earth with the same half, and what the back of the moon looks like can never be seen from the earth. Only through the detector can we solve the mystery on the back of the moon. This wish of mankind was realized as early as 30 years ago. Today's large astronomical telescopes can distinguish targets about 50 meters (equivalent to 14-story buildings) on the moon.

The moon has many interesting reputations in China's ancient poems: jade exemption (whoever tries to climb the stairs to find jade exemption, who covers the silver que-Xin Qiji); Luminous (luminous, why do you have children when you die? —— Qu Yuan); Su E (Su E is another name for the moon-Youxue Qionglin); Ice wheel (the jade hook decides who to hang, but the ice wheel is helpless-land tour); Jade wheel (jade wheel meets wet light, Luan Pei meets a stranger in Gui Xiang-Li He); Jade toad (cold night fog outside, three or five jade toad autumn-Fang Gan); Gui' ao (Gui' ao flies to a sunny place and enjoys a cool day in autumn-Su Shi); Toad (Fujian set sail, but toad lost his reunion-Jia Dao); Ancient pictures (Yang birds don't come out of the valley, and ancient pictures are half hidden-Li Bai); Chan Juan (I hope people will live for a long time and take Wan Li Road.

5. Primary school students' scientific knowledge about the moon and the moon (less words)

The moon is commonly known as the moon, also known as the Moon. The moon is the most obvious example of a natural satellite. In the solar system, except Mercury and Venus, all other planets are natural satellites. The moon is also about 4.6 billion years old and is closely related to the earth. The moon also has layered structures such as shell, mantle and core. The average thickness of the outermost lunar shell is about 60-65 kilometers. Below the lunar crust to the depth of 1000 km is the lunar mantle, which occupies most of the volume of the moon. Below the moon's mantle is the moon's core, whose temperature is about 1000 degrees, which is likely to be in a molten state. The moon is about 3476 kilometers in diameter, which is 3/ 1 1 of the earth. Its volume is only 1/49 of the earth's, and its mass is about 735 billion tons, which is equivalent to 1/8 1 of the earth's mass. The gravity on the surface of the moon is almost equal to 1/6 of the gravity of the earth.

There are dark parts and bright areas on the moon. When early astronomers observed the moon, they thought that the dark area was covered by seawater, so they called it "sea". The more famous ones are the sea of clouds, the wet sea and the sea of tranquility. The bright part is the mountains, where mountains are stacked and criss-crossed, and craters are dotted. Bailey crater near the South Pole has a diameter of 295.

6. Popular science knowledge about the moon

The moon is also called the moon.

There is basically no water on the moon, so there is no weathering, oxidation and water corrosion on the earth, and there is no sound transmission. There is a silent world everywhere. The moon itself does not shine, the sky is always dark, and the sun and stars can appear at the same time.

There is almost no atmosphere on the moon, so there is a great temperature difference between day and night on the moon. During the day, where the sun shines vertically, the temperature is as high as127.25℃; The temperature at night can be as low as-183.75℃.

Because there is no atmospheric barrier, the intensity of sunlight on the surface of the moon is stronger than that on the earth 1/3 or so. The intensity of ultraviolet rays is also much stronger than the surface of the earth. Due to the lack of atmosphere on the moon, many strange phenomena will be seen on the moon, such as the dark sky on the moon, direct sunlight and brilliant sunshine; It's dark where you can't shine.

Therefore, we can see that the surface of the moon is bright and dark. As there is no air to scatter light, the stars on the moon no longer seem to twinkle.

The moon is full of rocks and craters. The whole surface of the moon is covered with gravel and residual soil.

The surface of the moon seen from the earth has bright areas and dark gray parts. The original bright part is the mountains and highlands on the surface of the moon, and the dark gray part is the plain on the surface of the moon.

The moon is smaller than the earth, with a diameter of 3476 kilometers, which is about 3/ 1 1. The surface area of the moon is about114 of the surface area of the earth, slightly smaller than that of Asia. Its volume is 1/ 49 of the earth, in other words, the earth has 49 satellites.

The mass of the moon is1/81of the earth; The average density of matter is 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter, which is only 3/5 of the density of the earth. The gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth, that is to say, something weighing 6 kilograms will only weigh 1 kg on the moon.

When people walk on the moon, their bodies look relaxed and they can jump up with a little effort. Astronauts think that walking on the moon seems more enjoyable than walking on the earth.

7. Talking about the scientific knowledge about the moon

The moon is commonly known as the moon, also known as the Moon.

The moon is the most obvious example of a natural satellite. In the solar system, all planets except Mercury and Venus have natural satellites.

The moon is also about 4.6 billion years old and is closely related to the earth. The moon also has layered structures such as shell, mantle and core.

The average thickness of the outermost lunar shell is about 60-65 kilometers. Below the lunar crust to the depth of 1000 km is the lunar mantle, which occupies most of the volume of the moon.

Below the moon's mantle is the moon's core, whose temperature is about 1000 degrees, which is likely to be in a molten state. The moon is about 3476 kilometers in diameter, which is 3/ 1 1 of the earth.

Its volume is only 1/49 of the earth's, and its mass is about 735 billion tons, which is equivalent to 1/8 1 of the earth's mass. The gravity on the surface of the moon is almost equal to 1/6 of the gravity of the earth. There are dark parts and bright areas on the moon.

When early astronomers observed the moon, they thought that the dark area was covered by seawater, so they called it "sea". The more famous ones are the sea of clouds, the wet sea and the sea of tranquility.

The bright part is the mountains, where mountains are stacked and criss-crossed, and craters are dotted. Bailey Crater is located near the South Pole, with a diameter of 295 kilometers, which can hold the whole Hainan Island.

The deepest mountain is Newton crater, which is 8788 meters deep. Besides craters, there are ordinary mountains on the moon.

Mountains and valleys overlap, giving you a unique perspective. The front of the moon always faces the earth.

On the other hand, most of the back of the moon can't be seen from the earth, except the area near the edge of the moon, which can be seen occasionally due to the movement of Libra. In the era without detectors, the back of the moon has always been an unknown world.

A major feature of the back of the moon is that there are almost no dark moon features such as the moon and the sea. When the probe runs to the back of the moon, it will not be able to communicate directly with the earth.

The moon revolves around the earth for about one lunar month, and moves half a degree relative to the background starry sky every hour, which is similar to the apparent diameter of the moon. Unlike other satellites, the orbital plane of the moon is closer to the ecliptic plane than the equatorial plane of the earth.

Relative to the background starry sky, the time required for the moon to go around the earth (the moon makes one revolution) is called sidereal month; The time between the new moon and the next one (or the time between two identical moon phases) is called the new moon. The reason why Wang Shuo's moon is longer than that of the star moon is that during the earth's operation on the moon, it moved forward a certain distance in its orbit around the sun.

Because the rotation period of the moon is exactly the same as its period of revolution, we can only see that the moon always faces the earth with the same face. From the early days of the moon's formation, the moon was affected by a moment /url], which led to the slow rotation speed. This process is called tidal locking.

Therefore, part of the angular momentum of the earth's rotation is converted into the angular momentum of the moon's revolution around the earth. As a result, the moon is far away from the earth at a speed of about 38 mm per year. At the same time, the earth's rotation is getting slower and slower, and the length of a day is getting longer every year 15 microsecond.

The gravity exerted by the moon on the earth is one of the reasons for the tidal phenomenon. The orbit of the moon around the earth is synchronous, and the so-called synchronous rotation is not strict.

Because the orbit of the moon is elliptical, when the moon is at perihelion, its rotation speed can't keep up with the revolution speed, so we can see that the eastern part of the moon reaches 98 degrees east longitude. On the contrary, when the moon is at apohelion, its rotation speed is faster than its revolution speed, so we can see that the western part of the moon passes through 98 degrees Darcy. This phenomenon is called Libra movement.

Because the orbit of the moon is inclined to the equator of the earth, when the moon moves in the starry sky, the polar regions will shake about 7 degrees, which is called Libra movement. Furthermore, since the distance between the earth and the moon is only 60 times that of radius of the earth, if the observer observes the moon from sunrise to sunset, the observation point will have the displacement of the diameter of the earth, which can be seen in the area with the longitude of 1 degree.

This phenomenon is called Libra movement. Strictly speaking, the earth and the moon revolve around a concentric center, which is 4,700 kilometers away from the center of the earth (2/3 of radius of the earth's).

Because the center of homogeneity is below the surface, the movement of the earth around the center of homogeneity seems to be "shaking". Seen from above the North Pole of the Earth, both the Earth and the Moon rotate clockwise. Moreover, the moon is also clockwise around the earth; Even the earth moves clockwise around the sun.

Many people don't understand why the inclination of the moon's orbit and the inclination of the moon from the axis change so much. In fact, the orbital inclination is relative to the central celestial body (the earth), while the axial inclination is relative to the orbital plane of the satellite (the moon) itself.

In this definition, customization is very suitable for general situations (such as the orbit of a satellite) and the value is quite fixed, but the moon is not. The orbit plane of the moon (ecliptic plane) keeps an included angle of 5. 145396 with the ecliptic plane (earth's orbit plane), while the rotation axis of the moon forms an included angle of 1.5424 with the normal of the ecliptic plane.

Because the earth is not a perfect sphere, but bulges at the equator, the white road surface keeps precessing (that is, the intersection with the ecliptic rotates clockwise) and completes one week every 6793.5 days (18.5966). During this period, the angle between the white plane and the equatorial plane of the earth (the equatorial plane of the earth inclines to the ecliptic plane at 23.45) will change from 28.60 (i.e. 23.45+5. 15) to18.30 (i.e. 23.45-5. 15).

Similarly, the angle between the rotation axis of the moon and the white plane will be between 6.69 (that is, 5. 15+ 1.54) and 3.60 (that is, 5. 15- 1.54). These changes in the lunar orbit will in turn affect the inclination of the earth's rotation axis, making it swing by 0.002 56, which is called nutation.

The two intersections between the ecliptic plane and the ecliptic plane are called the lunar intersection-the ascending intersection (north point) refers to the point where the moon passes to the north of the ecliptic plane; Descending node (South Point) refers to the point where the moon passes south of the ecliptic. When the new moon is just at the intersection of the moon, a solar eclipse will occur; An eclipse occurs when the full moon is just at the intersection of the moons.

8. Little knowledge about the moon (20 words)

The moon rotates counterclockwise from west to east, and also rotates counterclockwise around the earth. Because of tidal locking, the moon's rotation period is equal to its period of revolution around the earth, which is about 28 Earth days. In the end, the moon always faces the earth "frontally" and its back always faces the earth.

There is no wind, no rain, no clouds in the sky and no weather change on the surface of the moon. No matter day or night, the sky on the moon is always dark Looking up at the stars on the moon will be brighter than on the earth; Looking at the stars on the back of the moon will be brighter than looking at the front of the moon.

Extended data:

The split theory of the birth of the moon;

As early as 1898, George Darwin, the son of the famous biologist Darwin, pointed out in the article Tides and Similar Effects in the Solar System that the moon was originally a part of the earth, but later, due to the rapid rotation of the earth, some substances on the earth were thrown out, which formed the appearance of the moon after it left the earth, and the pit left on the earth was the Pacific Ocean.

This view was quickly opposed by some people. They think that it is impossible to throw such a big thing at the speed of the earth's rotation. Besides, if the moon was thrown out by the earth, then the material composition of the two should be the same. However, through the analysis of the rock samples brought back from the moon by Apollo 12 spacecraft, it is found that there is a great difference between them.

The rocks on the surface of the moon are extremely old, ranging from 3 billion years to 4.2 billion years. The oldest rocks on the earth's surface are limited to metamorphic rocks exposed in some areas 3.8 billion years ago, while the rocks on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean are extremely young, which is completely contrary to the "split" theory.