Where is the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poems?

The "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poem Qingming should be in Chang 'an. "Xinghua Village" in Tang Dynasty, now called Shuangzhu Village, belongs to Chang 'an Weiqu Street Office. In the past, this village was also called Xinghuaping, Yushizhuang, Shuangzhuzhuang and Podi Village.

"It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die. Ask the local people where to buy wine and worry? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Qingming, a seven-character quatrain written by Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, has been widely read for thousands of years with its fresh and fluent language, vivid artistic image and beautiful and implicit artistic conception. Therefore, people also have a strong interest in the territory of "Xinghua Village". Linfen, Shanxi, Guichi, Anhui, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Nanjing, Macheng, Hubei and other places all claimed that Xinghua Village was there. In 195s, the cultural and academic circles in China also discussed the territory of "Xinghua Village". At present, there are mainly three kinds of opinions. One is "Shanxi Theory", which is widely circulated. Shanxi Xinghua Village Liquor Company also registered the trademark of "Xinghua Village"; Second, the theory of "Guichi, Anhui" is based on Du Mu's experience in Guichi and the poetry of Qingming. The program Happy Dictionary hosted by CCTV host Wang Xiaoya also confirmed that Xinghua Village is in Guichi, Anhui. The third theory holds that Xinghua village is a general term, which is not the real village name at all. In fact, when people study the territory of "Xinghua Village", they forget a place that should not be ignored, that is, Chang 'an, the birthplace of Du Mu.

the relationship between du mu and Fan Chuan in Chang' an

du mu (83-852 ad) was born in Mu Zhi, jingzhao wannian (now Xi' an, Shaanxi). In the second year of Daiwa (828), he was a scholar, and was awarded the title of school book lang of Hongwen Museum. He served as a staff member in other places for many years, and eventually he became an official in Zhongshu, and he died in Fan Chuan.

Du Mu was born in a prominent bureaucratic family in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty. His grandfather Du You was a veteran of the Three Dynasties, and the official was the prime minister. For his birthplace, Du Mu described it in a poem: "The old place opened Zhumen, and the center of Chang 'an City." Du You's mansion is located in Anren Square, the third square outside Zhuquemen, which is east to south. In the Tang Dynasty, both sides of this street were inhabited by officials with more than three grades.

Du Mu spent his childhood and adolescence in Chang 'an City, until he entered the officialdom at the age of 25. After that, his official career rose and fell, and he worked in Chang 'an four times. After returning to Chang 'an in his later years, Du Mu used his savings for many years to build a villa in Zhupo, Chang 'an. Finally, Du Mu died in Chang 'an, and was buried in Du's ancestral grave in Sima Village, now the introduction town of Chang 'an.

Du Mu's ancestral home is in Zhupo Village, Chang 'an, which has been mentioned or described in many of Du Mei's poems. Zhupo is located in Fan Chuan, and Fan Chuan, also known as Houkuanchuan, was the most beautiful place in the south of the city at that time. Du Mu's grandfather, Du You, served as our envoy to Huainan for 15 years. After returning to his hometown of Fan Chuan, he could not forget the ancient town of Guazhou in the south of the Yangtze River when he was an official, so he named the place where Du Jia planted melons as "Guazhou Village". Legend has it that Du Mu planted melons here when he was young. Not far from Guazhou Village is Niutou Temple, one of the eight major temples in Fan Chuan. When Du Mu was young, he studied in the west of the temple.

To the west of Niutou Temple, there is a village called "Xinghua Village". Wen Tingyun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in "Farewell to Friends": "Half-drunk farewell to all the doors, containing the sadness of ancient times. Evening breeze Yang Yeshe, cold food Xinghua Village. " In the Tang Dynasty, Shaolingyuan was not far from the south gate of Chang 'an City, and there was a village called Xinghua Village in Shaolingyuan. Du Mu had contacts with the poet Wen Tingyun in his later years. Studying the place names related to Du Mu, this is the earliest "Xinghua Village", which is earlier than the "Xinghua Village" recorded in Linfen, Shanxi and Guichi, Anhui.

during the northern song dynasty, Zhang Li, a government official, had a book entitled "a journey to the south of the city", which was an important document to study the geographical sites in the southern suburbs of Chang' an city in the Tang dynasty. It was in the first year of northern Song Zhezong (186), less than 2 years before the demise of the Tang dynasty. "A Journey to the South of the City" contains: "Longtang is in the west of Niutou Temple, so there is Longquan Tower in the temple, and this hall is also its place. There is a tower in the north of the spring, commonly known as Longtangpo, Jinbe Yan, and many apricots are planted in the middle, which is called Xinghuaping. See Du Xu's "Sheng You Lu". " There is only one village called "Xinghua Village" or "Xinghuaping" that has searched all the villages around ancient Chang 'an. It can be concluded that the "Xinghua Village" described in Wen Tingyun's poems and the "Xinghuaping" recorded by Zhang Li 2 years later are the same place. Moreover, this place is very close to Du Mei's residence.

The weather around the Qingming Festival in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty

Du Mu lived in Fan Chuan's hometown in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty. Fan Chuan is located in the southern suburb of Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty, starting from Jiangcun in the southeast and reaching Tapo in the northwest. It is a belt basin about 15 kilometers long from east to west. Here, it looks at Zhongnanshan in the south and Shaoling Plain in the north, and the clear Surabaya River runs through it. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Qingming Canal was led to pass under Shaoling Plain, with vertical and horizontal rivers and canals, dense vegetation, beautiful mountains and beautiful rivers, pink and green willows. Since ancient times, Bashui has surrounded Chang 'an, and there are dense forests on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains. Bashui originates from this place, and the water potential is relatively large. Together with 1 natural lakes such as Kunming Pool, Ying 'e Pool, Lingchi Pool and Taiye Pool, the good natural environment provides sufficient conditions for rainfall in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty.

"Restaurant" is the poem "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?" Another prerequisite for.

in the Tang dynasty, there were a lot of springs beside Shaoling Plain. "Going down to Du's hometown, the sound of the spring cries around the house" (Du Mu's "Zhu Po"), in history, there are thousands of twists and turns in the garden where Du Mu lives in the suburbs. In the west of Niutou Temple, there is also a natural gully named Qi (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: Du's surname is Qi), which is deep and full of springs. The water keeps flowing all the year round and flows into the Qingming Canal at the bottom of the slope, forming a big pond (Xunyinpi). There are not only many springs here, but also the water quality is particularly good. The "Jiulong Lake" next to Niutou Temple is the most famous. Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty has been here, and she has a poem to prove it: "The window of the mountain is full of jade girls, and the households are opposite to Qiongfeng. The top of the rock is like a phoenix, and the heart of the pool is like Kowloon. Bamboo leaves float in the wine, and hibiscus is written on the cup. Therefore, the reward of the mountain is only when the wind enters the pine. " Good water quality, large quantity of water, endless for thousands of years. In 19, Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi 'an, and the group drank the water from Jiulongtan. Up to now, there are still springs gushing out here.

good aquatic products and good wine. In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an, the capital city, was the center of the national wine industry, with high brewing level and prosperous production and sales. Liu Yuxi "advised you to drink more Chang 'an wine, and the south and the east occupied the spring", indicating that Chang 'an wine has a high status in people's minds. In addition, from Liu Yuxi's "Hundred Flowers": "When Chang 'an is full of flowers, the scenery should be light and thin, and no one does not sell wine, and there is no music"; Dai Shulun's "guests should come on credit frequently"; It can be seen from Cen Can's "Love customers and drink too much" and "Take wine under the frog's grave, and every family will pass it on" that there are many places in Chang 'an where wine is brewed and sold.

Fan Chuan has a tradition of winemaking. When Kang Youwei came to Xi 'an, he wrote a poem "Chanting Du Qujiu in the morning and watching Fan Chuanyue in the evening". Today, the water of "Chang 'an Winery" is taken from Shaolingyuan, which is a microcosm of Fan Chuan wine industry in ancient Chang 'an.

elements that cannot be ignored

in the original poem, there are some elements that cannot be ignored. 1. Shaoling Plain has been criss-crossed with ravines and lush green grass since ancient times. The original sloping land is not suitable for growing crops, especially for grazing. Now there are still people herding cattle and raising sheep in this area. Second, the line of sight of the original slope is limited, and with the dense forest of Cooper, turning a corner is a scene. The shepherd boy is standing in the grazing place, and the line of sight in front is limited, so he can't point directly, so he needs a "remote" finger, which is in line with the local geomorphological characteristics; Third, Du Jiazu's grave is located in Sima Village, a town in the northeast of Du Mu's residence. The scene in the poem Qingming should be seen by Du Mu on his way back from the grave during the Qingming Festival (Xinghua Village is in the west). Fourth, Du Mu is familiar with the local terrain and knows that there is wine in Xinghua Village. When the shepherd boy pointed, he knew that the shepherd boy was referring to Xinghua Village.

to sum up, the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poem Qingming should be in Chang 'an. "Xinghua Village" in Tang Dynasty, now called Shuangzhu Village, belongs to Chang 'an Weiqu Street Office. In the past, this village was also called Xinghuaping, Yushizhuang, Shuangzhuzhuang and Podi Village.