Climatic conditions of aquaculture in dezhou donkey

One donkey costs about 1500 yuan, and 50 donkeys costs about 75,000 yuan. The following farming techniques are for reference only.

Explain the fattening of adult donkeys in Xiao Lv.

Donkeys are herbivores, with strong disease resistance, easy feeding, easy management, rapid reproduction, both stocking and captive, and low investment, which is very suitable for small-scale farming of farmers. After short-term fattening in winter, the weight of Xiao Lv can reach 150 ~ 200 kg, and that of adult donkeys can reach 250 ~ 300 kg. According to the current market estimate, raising a donkey can earn 600 ~ 1000 yuan.

First, choose fattening donkeys. Guanzhong Donkey and dezhou donkey are preferred. Guanzhong donkey is mainly produced in Guanzhong plain of Shaanxi province, and its weight can reach 250 ~ 290 kg after fattening. Dezhou donkey is mainly produced in Dezhou City, Shandong Province. After fattening, its weight can reach about 260 kg.

Second, deworming and stomach strengthening before fattening. After the donkey is stable for 2 ~ 3 days, it can be used to repel insects and strengthen the stomach. Insecticide is used to drive away parasites from donkeys. The dosage of powder is 0.65438 0 g per kg body weight, and the dosage of subcutaneous injection is 0.2 ml per kg body weight. Generally, the stomach is strengthened after 3 days of deworming. Each donkey takes 60 ~100g of artificial salt or 450g of Jianwei powder orally.

Third, fattening in Xiao Lv. Xiao Lv purchased from other places should be trained to adapt to local breeding conditions. At first, you can grind corn and wheat into powder, cook porridge, and add a little sugar to lure them to eat. After a few days, in addition to normal grass feeding, you can feed 80 ~ 100 grams of concentrate every day, and then gradually increase it. During the whole fattening period in Xiao Lv, about 500 kilograms of concentrate is needed.

Fourthly, fattening and feeding of adult donkeys. For adult donkeys bought from other places, we should first feed some digestible feed such as grass and bran, feed less and feed more, feed 60% to 70% full every time, and then enter the fattening period after eating grass normally. During the fattening period, the mixed roughage is mainly composed of high-quality hay, bean straw powder and corn straw powder, and the mixed concentrated feed is generally 50% bean cake, 30% corn flour and 20% bran. Fattening donkeys can be fed with concentrated feed twice during the day and only coarse feed at night, and they can be sold in about two months. Concentrate and roughage for fattening adult donkeys should be selected according to local natural resources and market conditions, such as cottonseed hull, bean straw powder and corn straw powder. The concentrate can be peanut cake, bean cake, cooked sorghum or soybean powder. During the fattening period, it is necessary to limit the exercise of donkeys and keep the pens and environment clean and dry.

Experience of meat donkey breeding

First of all, the shed

The intensive fattening of meat donkeys is better with stable breeding. Generally, it is enough to block the rain above and the wind below. There is a feeding trough in the pen house, and each donkey should have a feeding space of 60 ~ 80 cm. Between adult donkeys, according to the distance of feeding space, a solid fence should be set up to prevent mutual disturbance (the enclosure of male and female hybrids is more important).

Second, feed.

Donkeys are herbivores. Its herbivores are particularly dry, hard and brittle crop straws. For example, hard straws such as corn, millet, bean vines, etc., should be cut into small pieces 3 ~ 4 cm long with a straw cutter, and it is best not to feed semi-dry and non-wet forage. Because this kind of forage grass is the easiest to make donkeys get sick. At the same time, it is supplemented with concentrate such as peas, corn, fried cottonseed or wheat bran. Feed it once every morning at noon and at night, mainly at night. When feeding each time, single grass (i.e. straw) is added to make it half full, and then combined grass (i.e. straw mixed with forage grass with high protein content such as alfalfa and bean vine) is fed to induce its appetite. When they stop eating, they should be fed mixed grass (that is, the grass left at the bottom of the trough is mixed with complete feed such as peas, corn and fried cottonseed, or mixed with wheat bran and a small amount of water) to induce them to reach the maximum intake.

Third, reproduction.

At present, the intensive breeding of meat donkeys is still in the primary stage, so the artificially bred meat donkeys have not been popularized. If you want to raise, you have to choose a donkey breed with large size, rough feeding resistance, strong disease resistance, good adaptability, good reproductive performance and high feed reward. For example, the existing Guanzhong Donkeys in Shaanxi, Guangling Donkeys in dezhou donkey, Guangling Donkeys in Shanxi and Yunnan Donkeys are all excellent breeding choices for fattening donkeys. At present, meat donkeys are mainly bred by the same species, and can also be crossed with horses. Artificial insemination can be used in medical breeding, and collecting semen of improved varieties is beneficial to mass reproduction and accelerates the popularization and cultivation of improved varieties.

Fourth, breeding.

Habitually speaking, meat donkeys are more resistant to roughage and disease than horses, cows and other domestic animals, but this does not mean that they are not sick. Especially under the condition of intensive farming, we should strictly implement the policy of "combining prevention with control, giving priority to prevention", pay more attention to environmental sanitation and prevent epidemics. Meat donkeys are as prone to infectious anemia, gangrene and tetanus as mules and horses. To raise meat donkeys effectively, we should pay attention to the following points:

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1. Meat donkeys should be given enough clean water when they leave the circle in the lower trough, and it is forbidden to drink polluted water or dirty water.

2. Do a good job in the sanitation of the feeding house, don't leave overnight feces on the booth, and regularly clean and disinfect the trough and water tank. Pen houses should be built far away from villages to avoid being infected by epidemics.

3. Every time the meat donkey enters or leaves the circle, especially after the service, let it roll a few times (because rolling the donkey is the best way for a one-legged animal to rest), one brush at a time. This will not only help to clean the skin, but also promote blood circulation, enhance physiological function, improve health and eliminate fatigue.

4. Always observe when feeding. Once the donkey is found to be unwell or shows signs of reducing its diet, it should be treated by a veterinarian immediately. Don't be careless and delay the opportunity.

Pay attention to sexual harassment in the stable where men and women live together. Because sexual harassment will not only lead to abortion of female animals, but also cause accidental trauma due to mutual biting and collision, leading to tetanus. Therefore, when setting up food barriers, the stronger the better, which is conducive to large-scale farming.

How to raise meat donkeys? LoOK here and it's ok.

1, according to the purpose and individual slot location, the purpose of feeding meat donkeys should be located according to individual slot location, that is, according to gender, individual size, feeding speed, individual temperament, mating or mating, fattening and so on. A separate trough should be used for donkeys and young foals who are about to give birth. The slot position of the lactating female donkey should be correspondingly wider, which is convenient for the foal to breastfeed and rest.

2, according to the season, feeding times, timing, quantitative should be determined according to the season. If the cold nights are longer in winter, you can feed it four times in the morning, middle, evening and evening, and it can be increased to five times in spring and summer. The weather is cool in autumn, which can be reduced to three times a day. In addition, the feeding time and quantity should be relatively fixed, and excessive or insufficient intake will affect the feeding effect and cause digestive tract diseases.

3. Feed carefully according to the trough, and the frequency is less. According to the feed intake in the tank, the feeding amount and feeding sequence of different feeds are determined. Feed the grass first, then feed the grass mixed with water. Give neither too much nor too little grass at a time, so that even if there is no grass, the trough will not be empty. Concentrate should be from less to more, and gradually reduce grass and materials.

4. Adequate drinking water should be based on the type of feed and climate. Provide enough water for meat donkeys. Generally, drink water four times a day, and the hot weather can be increased to five times. Don't drink too fast, it's easy to choke your lungs and abdominal pain. The position of the sink and bucket should not be too high, and the drinking water should be kept clean and fresh. In cold weather, drinking water should be heated to prevent drinking too cold water.

Feeding and fattening donkeys in four ways

Donkey meat is a typical meat food with high protein and low fat. Donkey meat also has health care functions such as enriching blood, benefiting qi and tonifying deficiency. To feed and fatten donkeys, the following four measures should be implemented.

(1) The selected donkey breed. Donkeys in China are divided into three types according to their size: large donkeys are Shaanxi Guanzhong Donkeys, Shandong dezhou donkey Donkeys (Bohai Donkeys), weighing 250-290 kg, and stallions also weigh more than 350 kg; Medium-sized donkeys include Shanxi Jinnan Donkey, Guangling Donkey, Henan Huaiyang Donkey and Gansu Qingyang Donkey, weighing 220-250 kg, and breeding donkeys also weigh more than 300 kg. Little donkeys include Henan Donkeys, Shaanxi Gunsha Donkeys, Inner Mongolia Kulun Donkeys, Ningxia Xiji Donkeys, Gansu Liangzhou Donkeys, Sichuan Donkeys, Yunnan Donkeys, Tibet Donkeys, Liaoning Donkeys, weighing 160-220kg, and stallions also have more than 250kg. There are three requirements for the selection of meat donkey breeds: first, fast growth and development can speed up the fattening process and improve feeding efficiency; Second, the body size should be large, how much meat can be gained, and the slaughter rate should be improved; Third, the body should be strong, the hooves should be small and strong, with strong disease resistance and good heredity. Meat donkey should be chosen, followed by big donkey. Xiao Lv is mostly used to make Ejiao, and its meat is also put on the market. It is the best choice to improve local donkeys with improved varieties and cultivate meat donkeys with their hybrid offspring.

(2) Do a good job of fattening. Donkey barns should be leeward, sunny, dry, warm and cool, and fed in different troughs according to age, physical condition, sex and strength, so as to reduce feed consumption and facilitate rapid fattening. The fattening process can be divided into three stages: 1, and the adaptation period: all bought donkeys are first deworming, not castrating, and kept in different tanks according to gender and weight. 15-day-old newborn donkeys are trained to eat porridge made of corn, wheat and millet, with a little sugar, but not too much, which is generally used as bait. Concentrate feeding started from 100g per day, and then gradually increased. After 22 days, 80- 100g mixed concentrate was fed. The formula is: soybean meal and cotton. For newly purchased adult donkeys or obsolete service donkeys, feed digestible dry, grass and bran first, and then feed mixed feed after observing for a few days. The roughage is mainly cottonseed hull, corn stalk powder, cereal grass, soybean hull or other green hay, and the concentrate is cottonseed cake (bean cake and peanut cake) 50% and corn flour (barley and millet) 30%. Pay attention to feeding less and adding more, drinking more water and supplementing salt in moderation. 2. The feed for adult donkeys is the same as above. The daily supplementary feeding amount of young donkeys starts from 100-200g, and is 500- 1000g after 2 months of age, and then increases month by month until 9 months of age, and the supplementary feeding amount can reach 3. 0-3。 Five kilos. The whole fattening period consumes 500 kilograms of concentrate. If the cottonseed is fried or boiled until it bursts, the fattening effect will be better if each donkey is fed1000g every day. 3. Finishing period: 2-3 months. This period mainly promotes the fullness and fat deposition of donkeys. In addition to the above daily feed, the following fattening methods can be adopted: (1) dissolve100g white sugar or150g brown sugar in warm water every day for donkeys to drink 10-20 days. (2) 250g lard, fresh leek 1kg and salt 10g were decocted and taken once a day for 7 days. (3) Stir-fry cottonseed until it bursts, and feed each donkey 1 kg every day for 15 days. Adding proper amount of zinc during fattening can prevent hair loss and skin diseases. Donkeys must be fed regularly and quantitatively, four times a day in the morning, middle and evening, with more 1 time in spring and summer and less 1 time in autumn and winter. But be sure to feed 1 time at night.

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(3) Strengthen management. To fatten meat donkeys, pay attention to room temperature, keep warm when it is cold, and try to let donkeys bask in the sun to avoid consuming too much physical strength because of the cold; In hot weather, cool down in time and strengthen ventilation to prevent heatstroke or loss of appetite. There should be about 1 hour of exercise every day. In case of rain and snow, you can do light exercise in the fence with parasols. Brushing the donkey's body several times a day can stimulate the skin, promote blood circulation, enhance body surface movement, drive away ectoparasites such as lice and mites, and promote body surface health. Donkey house, trough and sink should be cleaned and washed daily to keep them clean and hygienic. Disinfect the donkey house with 3% Lysol every 10 ~ 15 days to prevent diseases. (4) timely slaughter. After the fattening period, the growth of meat donkey is slow, and the feed reward will gradually decrease. The slaughter rate is the highest at this time. 1 The donkey was on a hunger strike the day before slaughter. So feeding at this time will affect the meat quality.

How to master the best fattening period of fattening meat donkeys

First, how to master the best fattening period for meat donkeys? Judging the best fattening period of meat donkeys is not only of great significance for donkey owners to save investment and reduce costs, but also of great significance for ensuring the quality of meat.

Generally, there are the following methods:

1。 Determination of feed intake. In the normal fattening period, the feed intake of meat donkeys is regular, that is, the absolute feed intake decreases with the increase of body weight, and the fattening can be ended when the reduction reaches less than 1/3 of the normal amount.

2。 Calculate the daily feed intake according to the activity (based on dry matter). The feed intake is 1 of live weight. Below 5%, at this time has reached the best end of fattening.

3。 Judging from the shape of the meat donkey. The criteria for inspection and judgment are: whether there is obvious fat and the amount of fat in the part where there must be fat deposition; Whether the parts with less fat and the deposited fat are thick and balanced.

2. When is the appropriate age for first matching donkeys? When the female donkey grows to maturity, it has the appearance characteristics of a female animal. The weight of female donkeys at the initial stage of breeding should generally be about 70% of their adult weight. The first mating age of female donkeys is generally 2 years old. 5-3 years old. Donkeys can't breed until they are 4 years old.

Third, how to control the estrus of female donkeys? Donkeys are seasonal animals and have many estrus periods. Estrus begins in March and April, and April-June is the peak season. From July to August, estrus is weakened and estrus is longer. Late autumn stops and enters estrus. Artificial induction can also be used, that is, in the estrus period of the donkey, exogenous hormones (such as gonadotropin) and other substances or environmental conditions can be used to induce estrus of the donkey. In general, gonadotropin or chorionic gonadotropin prostenol can be injected into the muscles of donkeys to control the estrus of donkeys, and the effect is good.

4. When is the right time for breeding? The ovulation time of female donkeys is usually 3-5 days after estrus begins, that is, before estrus stops 1 day. Therefore, the mating time should be within 1-5 days of estrus duration, and the fertilization rate is high.

Experience in raising and fattening ponies

First, feed the ponies.

In addition to normal feeding, newborn foals are generally trained to eat concentrated feed at the age of 15 days. Corn, barley and oats can be ground into flour, cooked into porridge, and added with a little sugar to lure them to eat. Start feeding 10 ~ 20g every day, 80 ~ 100g after a few days, 1 0 ~ 20g after a month, and 100g after two months, and then increase daily. After 9 months, feed concentrate 3 every day. Five kilos.

There are six ways to fatten ponies: ① Add 500g soybean and 500g rice to grind, add 250g rice bran and proper amount of salt to mix well, and feed ponies after grazing for 7 ~ 10. ② Every donkey is dissolved in warm water with 150g sugar every day, and the donkey can gain weight after drinking 10 ~ 20 days. (3) The cottonseed cake can be fried to yellow or boiled in a pot until it bursts, which can remove 90% gossypol toxicity and has a fragrant smell. Each donkey was fed 1 kg every day for 15 days. ④ Take 250g lard, fresh leek 1kg and salt 10g, fry them and feed them to donkeys once a day 1 time for 7 days. ⑤ Oral administration of diethylstilbestrol 10 mg to foal every day can increase the daily gain by 12%. Planting 24 mg diethylstilbestrol under the ears of donkeys before slaughter 100 day can increase the daily weight gain of grazing donkeys by 15%. ⑥ Adding trace elements such as cobalt, iodine, copper and selenium to feed can improve feed utilization rate and promote weight gain. Adding some zinc to fattening can prevent hair loss and reduce skin diseases.

Second, the fattening method of adult donkeys

For newly bought adult donkeys from other places, you can feed some digestible green hay and bran first, not frequently, but 70% full. Donkeys can enter the feeding period after normal feeding. At this time, the mixed feed is mainly cottonseed hull or straw, and the mixed concentrate is mainly soybean cake or cottonseed cake (50%), corn flour (30%) and bran (20%). At first, a small amount of bean cake or cottonseed cake and straw or cottonseed hull were added to the concentrate, and then gradually increased. After 1 week, all the cake and straw or cottonseed hull can be fed. It is advisable to let the donkey eat 80% full after two months. Generally, feed 1 time every morning and evening. In addition, it is also necessary to meet the needs of drinking water, restricting exercise, brushing your teeth, keeping your skin clean, etc., in order to gain weight.