Ancient Poetry: Appreciation of the Original Translation of Cao Pi's Yan Ge Xing (Ⅰ)

Wei and Jin Dynasties: Cao Pi

The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is shaking and the frost is exposed, and the flocks of birds leave Nanxiang. (Gu Nanxiang's work: Yan Nanxiang)

I miss you and your guests, and my heart breaks. I miss my hometown, so why did you send it to stay for a long time? (He Jun Zuo Yi: What is this)

I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes.

Short songs cannot be long.

The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west.

Cowherd and Weaver Girl look at each other from afar, and you are alone in the river beam.

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The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is freezing, the plants and trees are dying, and first frost has been in the Millennium.

Swallows leave and swans fly south. I miss my lover who travels far away, and I am extremely sad inside.

I miss my hometown when I think about it. Why did you stay so long?

I keep the boudoir alone, and miss the gentleman when I am sad. I can't forget it. Unconsciously, tears fell and wet my clothes.

I took the guqin and fiddled with the strings, but my heart was very sad. The short song sang softly, as if it were still broken.

The bright moonlight shines on my empty bed, the milky way flows west, and the sleepless night is long.

Cowherd and Weaver Girl, facing each other from a distance. What crime did you commit? It was blocked by Tianhe.

To annotate ...

This article belongs to Xiang He Ge Ci Ping Diao Qu. Yan is a northern border, and there is a constant need for defense, so most of Yan's songs are parting.

Shake: wither.

Siniperca: Swan.

"He Jun" sentence: one is "left to others for a long time".

Qiànqiàn: the feeling of emptiness.

Stay long: stay long. The last sentence assumes that the other person is bound to miss home, which is doubtful because he does not return.

Qióngqióng: Lonely and helpless. From "Nine Chapters of Chu Ci Thinking of Ren Mei": "Go south alone and miss Peng Xianli."

Aid: persistence, persistence. Shang Qing: Music name. The syllables of Shang Qing Dynasty are very short, so the next sentence says "short songs can't be long".

The night is still early: at the end of the night. The ancients measured time by observing the stars. The scenery described in this poem is the night in early autumn. Altair and Vega are on both sides of the Milky Way and at the zenith in early autumn and evening. At this time, the Milky Way should point southwest. To say that "the stars flow westward" now means that the milky way turns westward, which means that the night is already deep.

Uh: Penny and the Weaver Girl. He Liang: A bridge over the river. Legend has it that Petunia and Weaver Girl can only meet each other on July 7th every year across the Tianhe River, and the black magpie has built a bridge between them.

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This is the first of two songs written by Cao Pi. Ge Yanxing is a Yuefu theme, which belongs to the category of Pingdiao of Xianghe Song. It is similar to Xing He Xing, which reflects the life in their respective regions and has their own musical characteristics. Yan (Yān) was the name of the vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and even in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its jurisdiction was about Beijing, northern Hebei and southwestern Liaoning. This is the border area between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wars have frequently occurred. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have sent heavy troops to guard here. Of course, there are various services such as building a city and transferring traffic. Judging from the recent facts, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan took place in the northern part of this ancient Yan country, which is now Xingcheng, Liaoning. As early as the Qin dynasty, there were works reflecting the sufferings of the war corvee in this area, "Be cautious when giving birth to men, and breast-feed women." The folk song "Don't look at the Great Wall, bones support each other" was even more popular in the Han Dynasty, "Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave". Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the inheritance and development of this kind of literary works in ideological content. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems quoted Yuefu to solve problems and said: "Wei Wendi's two poems Autumn Wind and Another Day have changed in time sequence, and women have nothing to complain about." He also quoted Yuefu Guangti as saying: "Yan, the place name is also. It is said that there is a good man serving in Yan, which is also for this reason. " It is correct to understand the content of the work in this way. There are no ancient words in Ge Yanxing, and this tune may have originated from Cao Pi. This work reflects the historical phenomenon of 400 years since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also the social reality of his recent Jian 'an period, showing the author's concern and sympathy for the sufferings of the lower classes.

"The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese go south." The first three sentences are about a chilling scene in late autumn, preparing for the heroine's appearance. The image here is visual, auditory and sensory, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and decline. This scene is consistent with the inner feelings of the upcoming heroine. Although these three sentences are just scenery, there is no positive love, but we already feel that love is full of paper. This method of expressing feelings of parting and nostalgia by describing autumn scenery is a tradition in China. Song Yu's "Nine Debates" says: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. Hey, if you travel far, you will return to the water. " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Autumn Wind Poetry said: "Autumn wind starts, plants turn yellow, and geese return to the south. Lan Youxiu, Ju Youfang, Huai Jiaren, can't forget it. " From here, we can not only see the continuity of xing and his thoughts and feelings, but also see the direct use of language and vocabulary. But by Cao Pi's works, everything has become something with its own unique ideological outlook and unique artistic style. We'll talk about this later.

"I miss you, your heart is broken, and you are homesick. How can you send it to stay for a long time? " In the chilly autumn night scene described before, our heroine stepped onto the stage: she looked at the distance with sadness, loneliness and deep affection and talked to herself. She said: You have been away from home for so long, I miss you so much. I can also imagine your sad and frustrated yearning for your hometown every day, but what on earth kept you away for so long? Mao (qiānqiān): frustrated. Miss Hometown is a scene in which the heroine imagines that her husband misses his hometown outside. This writing is ingenious and detailed. When a person misses another person, his ideological activities always have specific contents, either recalling the past time together, or looking forward to the joy of meeting in the future, or caring about the other person's life outside, imagining what he is doing now, and so on. This method of highlighting the eagerness and affection of missing people by describing their activities has existed as early as in the Book of Songs, and it is even more wonderful when Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote that "I miss beauty, make up my eyes, miss a few times, and God knows how to go home". The advantage of this writing is that it becomes a layer, which makes people feel more tortuous, detailed and specific. Stay long: stay long. "Why did you get rich after staying for a long time?" There are expectations, doubts and infinite suspense. What is the reason why you can't come back so far? Is it because of the busy construction? Is it because the war is urgent? Is it because you are ill? Hurt? Or ..... that's even more unexpected. You see, the heroine's mind is heavy!

"I'm a concubine, and I'm worried about you, even if I can't forget it. I don't feel tears in my clothes." Qióngqióng: Lonely, lonely, lonely. Dare not: in polite terms, it means no,no. These three sentences describe the heroine's life at home: she lives alone in an empty room, takes private service all day and often tears her clothes. On the one hand, it shows her loneliness and boredom with life; On the other hand, it shows the heroine's infinite loyalty and love for her husband. Although her life is so bleak and lonely, she thinks of nothing but her husband and hopes for his early return.

"With the help of the piano, the strings are clear and short songs cannot be long." Aid: Yin, bring it here. Shang Qing: A new musical tune formed on the basis of folk tunes since the Eastern Han Dynasty, characterized by sadness and sadness. Short song: tune the class name. Yuefu can be divided into long sentences and short sentences, which are distinguished according to "Quchang" (Yuefu poetry). Probably Long song mostly expresses passionate feelings, and short songs mostly express deep and sad thoughts. On this autumn night, the heroine is very sad. Holding a lyre, she tried to express her inexpressible feelings by playing A Qing Commercial Songs, but all her words were short and plaintive, and she could never sing a soft Long song. "Rites and Music" says: "Musicians will remain the same." The heroine is lonely and sad to the extreme. Even if she wants to play a different tune, how can she play it?

"The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Cowherd and Weaver Girl face each other from a distance, why are they confined to the river beam alone? " The heroine misses people far away sadly. Sometimes she sighs in the breeze, sometimes she sings softly and wanders around, and I don't know how long it will take. The moonlight shone through the curtains on her empty bed. She looked up at the blue sky and saw that the Milky Way had turned to the west. Only then did she know that the night was already deep. "The night is still early" has two meanings here. One is that the night is already deep. When will our heroine get through this bleak long night? The other layer is symbolic, which means that wars and corvees are endless, and the suffering of our heroine's life, like this long night, is still very long and endless! Facing this heavy night sky, looking up at this bitter galaxy and savoring this painful life, what should our heroine do to change her destiny as a weak woman? At this moment, her eyes suddenly fell on the bright stars on both sides of the Milky Way: Ah! Cowherd and Weaver Girl, my poor partner in bad karma, what sin do you have to let people separate you from each other on both sides of the galaxy like this? Morning glory and Weaver Girl are the main stars of Aquila and Lyra respectively. These two stars have long been described by the ancients in China as a persecuted couple who can't reunite. This is a well-known thing. These two words that the heroine said to Penny Weaver, such as anger, resentment and confusion, are not only for the two stars in the sky, but also for herself and millions of men and women who were forced to separate and could not reunite with their destiny. This voice is a strong appeal, a sad accusation and an angry *. It seemed to resound through the sky at that time, and in the feudal society of nearly two thousand years, its resounding echo could be heard every year, every month and every moment. This pun, memorable, deep and loud ending is very wonderful.

The ideas expressed in the works are not complicated, and the theme is not particularly novel. However, Cao Pi, as an upper-class figure of the ruling class, can care about such a matter involving thousands of families, and he has placed such deep sympathy in his poems, which is commendable. In art, he vividly described the feelings and psychology of the lyric heroine. She is elegant and dignified, fiery and reserved, eager and dignified. The work skillfully combines the lyrical description of the scenery, the narration of the characters and the monologue of the heroine, forming a tragic style. Its rhetoric is gorgeous, and it also uses a lot of things from predecessors, but all this seems to be completely unintentional, without any traces of carving. This is the characteristic of Xing, and it is also a typical characteristic that Cao Pi's poems are different from other poets in Jian 'an. Cao Pi is a politician, but from his works, he often can't see his father Cao's bold spirit of taking the world as his duty, nor can he find his younger brother Cao Zhi's positive and eager thought of serving the country. There, there is always an inexhaustible feeling of bitterness and sadness, and his lyric writing often loves to use a female tone. Therefore, Zhong Xing in the Ming Dynasty said that his poems were "elegant and elegant, but childlike" ("Ancient Poems Return"). In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Ruoming called his poems "like calligraphy, holding the heart, bowing his head and saying nothing, and looking back with no pity" (Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang). Ge Yanxing can be said to be the most representative work of Cao Pi's thought and artistic style. The predecessors spoke highly of these two poems. Wuqi in Qing Dynasty said: "The style is extremely desolate, twelve characters, end to end, but twists and turns in the middle, which is really outstanding." Wang Fuzhi said: "There is no difference between ancient times and modern times in terms of feelings, colors and sounds." (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua)

Xing's two poems have an important position in the development history of seven-character poems, which we should know. The Book of Songs is basically a four-character style, with seven sentences occasionally, but the number is very small. "Songs of the South" is a style of songs of the South, with seven sentences, but most of them have the word "Xi", which is different from the seven-character poem in format and charm. There are some miscellaneous styles in Yuefu in Han Dynasty, such as The Battle of the South of the City, A Passage to the East Gate, etc. Some of them have obviously promoted the development of the seven-character poems, but the seven-character poems are not the main body in those works. During the 400 years of Han Dynasty, there were two seven-character poems, which are still mentioned today. The first one is the couplet of monarch and minister in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which is called Poems of Bailiangtai. This poem is a novel of later generations, which has many loopholes and is not credible. And it's made up, piled up and perfunctory, with no poetry at all. The second is Zhang Heng's Four Sorrow Poems. It is poetic, but the first sentence of each of Zhang Heng's four poems still carries the word "Xi", dragging the tail of a Chu song. Therefore, the work that really gets rid of the fetters of the form of Chu Ci and makes the seven-character style independent can not but be said to be Cao Pi's "The Second Song of Yan". It can be seen that Cao Pi, who studied the poems of Han Yuefu and pre-school people, was brave in exploring and innovating in form. Every sentence of Xing rhymes, and it is flat and elegant, which is a stage of the development of seven-character ancient poetry. Writers in Jin and Song Dynasties wrote seven words, and they continued to walk a long way. Later, through the efforts of Bao Zhao, Yu Xin and others in the Southern Dynasties, in the Tang Dynasty, Lu, Wang and others appeared magnificent works with rhyming lines, and the seven-character ancient poetry entered a new stage of development. It can be seen that Cao Pi's pioneering work cannot be concealed.

Extended reading: the early experience of characters' life

Cao Pi, born in the winter of (187) four years, was born in Qiaoxian (now Bozhou).

It is said that when Cao Pi was born, blue clouds appeared in the sky, which were shaped like car covers and surrounded all day. Everyone who saw Xiangyun thought that Cao Pi would not be an official in the future. [4] He was gifted at an early age, and the good educational environment the day after tomorrow endowed him with profound literary accomplishment. In the juvenile growth stage, he read widely and read widely. Under the strict supervision of Cao Cao, he read poetry theory thoroughly when he was young, and when he grew up, he learned the Five Classics and the words of a hundred schools of thought, which laid a solid foundation for his later literary creation.

In the third year of Chuping (192), Cao Cao thought that the current war was chaotic and taught Cao Pi to learn archery. At the age of six, Cao Pi learned to shoot arrows. At the age of eight, Cao Pi learned to ride a horse. From the age of ten, Cao Pi followed his father in the north and south of the river. The long military life has exercised his strong physique, enriched his knowledge and accumulated a lot of material for his poetry creation. With the continuous growth of age and experience, the mental shock brought by the hard living environment gradually formed his unique depressive temperament. In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Cao Pi followed Cao Cao south to conquer Zhang Xiu, and Zhang Xiu surrendered first and then rebelled. Cao Cao's eldest son Cao Ang and nephew Cao were killed, and Cao Pi, who was only ten years old, rode away.

In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Pi was recommended by Situ Zhaowen. Cao Cao thought that Zhao Wen recommended his son, not because of his real talent and practical learning, so he made Lv Chi, a servant and master of Guangluxun, observe the festival and avoided Zhao Wen's official position as a policy. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Cao Pi served as a corps commander and deputy prime minister.

In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), Cao Cao recruited Sun Quanjun to station in Quli (now Fancheng Town, Linying County, Henan Province), and Shang Shu ordered Yu Xun to join the army. He discussed archery with Cao Pi. In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao took Cao Pi and others back to their hometown in Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui) to visit the grave. After that, Cao Pi and others rode around the East Garden, followed the Vortex River, crossed Gao Lin, stationed in the horse book and wrote "On the Vortex".