Information on Zheng He's voyages to the West

Zheng He is an outstanding figure in China's foreign exchanges. Zheng He's voyage to the West is an important event in the history of navigation in China and the world, and also an internationally recognized world historical and cultural celebrity. Zheng He's voyages to the West, as a very brilliant and outstanding event in the history of the Chinese nation and mankind, embodies and embodies the spirit of the Chinese nation's openness, enterprising, peace and friendship, exchanges and cooperation, ocean management and being the first in the world. This spirit and morality have been the endless motive force of our Chinese nation for thousands of years.

First, the era of Zheng He's voyages to the West (1405-1433)

The era of Zheng He's voyages to the West, 1405- 1433, in15th century. /kloc-in the first 30 years of the 0/5th century, the east and west at both ends of the Eurasian continent marched into the sea almost simultaneously. The East is represented by China Zheng He's voyage to the West, and the West is represented by the exploration of Portuguese Prince Henry along the west coast of Africa.

In my opinion, after the accumulation of thousands of years of navigation practice, mankind had obvious changes at the beginning of the15th century, and further realized the value and function of the ocean, and the great navigation activity was a practice of this understanding. However, it needs to be pointed out that the social foundation that gave birth to and brought up eastern navigation and western navigation activities is different, which is why we should further analyze the social background of Zheng He's voyage to the West at that time.

1, Western Airlines era

The driving force of western great navigation is economic factors, and of course there are some religious factors, mainly economic factors. This kind of economic power comes from the development of commodity economy in European society at that time. As we all know, in the14-15th century, the European Trade Center expanded from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast. At that time, the commodity economy of western European countries developed rapidly, and the demand for commodity currency surged, especially for gold and silver. All countries encourage and support ocean exploration.

Therefore,/kloc-the west in the era of great navigation in the 0/5th century is on the eve of entering the "capitalist dawn". The development of European commodity economy and the urgent requirement of emerging capitalism to accumulate capital are the main driving forces of Xihang Airlines. Their voyage fought bloody battles and promoted the development of world history.

2. The era of China Zheng He's voyages to the West.

At that time, China had entered the late feudal society, and slowly developed from the peak in the mid-Tang Dynasty to the downhill, but it was still a world power in the early Ming Dynasty, and it was still in a leading position in many aspects. Especially at the beginning of the15th century when Zheng He went to the West, China was in the "Yongle Prosperity" in the early Ming Dynasty, which was the most glorious period in the ancient history of China.

Judy is a "wise" emperor, who created a series of important historical events in the history of China. Besides Zheng He's voyages to the West, he also dredged the Grand Canal, edited the Yongle Grand Ceremony, established the slave capital and moved the capital to Beijing. On the basis of Zhu Yuanzhang's recovery of economy and production, Judy further developed the economy of Ming Dynasty, making Songjiang a national textile center, Jingdezhen a national porcelain center and China.

According to the change of the situation, Emperor Yongle adjusted the country's foreign policy, adopted opening to the outside world, stabilized the surrounding areas, and combined the stability and development of China with the world, especially the surrounding environment, in order to strive for a long-term and stable peace situation. Zheng He's voyage to the West is an important measure of his foreign policy. Therefore, Zheng He's voyages to the West met the requirements of the development of political and economic situation in the early Ming Dynasty. Judy is also very forward-looking. As for Zheng He's voyage to the West, it was mainly for political reasons.

From/kloc-Zheng He's voyage to the West in the early 5th century, we can see that human activities marched from land to sea. Without mechanical power, most of the world's oceans are still unknown. When the world was blocked, Zheng He's seven voyages to the West were a great feat.

Second, Zheng He's fleet went to the Western Ocean.

(1) Zheng and his people

Zheng He (137 1- 1433) was born in Kunyang, Yunnan Province (now Baoxiangshan and Daicun in Jinning County), a Hui family who believed in Islam for generations. Zheng He's father and grandfather have both made pilgrimages to Mecca, the holy place of Islam. Zheng He's mother, surnamed Wen, is very virtuous.

138 1 year, Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals Fu Youde and aquamarine to lead 300,000 troops to launch a war to unify Yunnan. During the war, Zheng He, who was only 1 1 years old, was captured and castrated by the Ming army and became a handyman in the army. After the pacification of Yunnan, 1388. Moved to Mongolian desert and Liaodong successively. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he was elected to serve in the Yanwangfu in Beijing. From then on, he followed the ambitious Rebecca Judy and gradually gained Judy's trust. Especially in 1399- 1402, Judy and her nephew, Emperor Jianwen, competed for the throne, and Zheng He fought a "tough battle". Help Judy ascend to the throne. Zheng He was promoted to be the eunuch of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 1404, on the first day of the first month of the second year of Yongle, Judy gave Zheng a surname and changed her name to Zheng He in recognition of Zheng He's achievements, and was known as the "three treasures eunuch" in history.

Zheng He was a eunuch and had no children of his own. After he became an official, he adopted a son from his brother, who got married and had children. There are mainly two branches: one in Nanjing, with hundreds of people, and the other in Suzhou; One in Yunnan, mainly in Yuxi, and one in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

(1) Zheng He's Sailing Fleet

Zheng He's fleet of voyages to the West is a huge fleet, which is completely compiled according to maritime navigation and military organization. At that time, it was a powerful maritime mobile formation in the world. Many foreign scholars call Zheng He's fleet a task force, and Zheng He is the commander or commander-in-chief of the navy. After comprehensively analyzing the world history of this period, Dr. Needham, an internationally renowned scholar in Britain, concluded: "The navy of the Ming Dynasty may be stronger than any Asian country in history or even any European country in the same period."

1, a large number, in good order.

Zheng He's voyages to the West were organized in the form of military organizations.

First of all, there are many people.

The number of Zheng He's voyages to the West has been clearly recorded four times in historical materials.

First time: 27,800 people

Second time: 27,000 people

Fourth time: 27,670 people

Seventh time: 27,550 people

We can preliminarily judge that the number of Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean was more than 27,000, and there were about five guards in the Ming Dynasty, each with 5,000-5,500 people. From now on, "Wu Zhi Shu" mainly comes from coastal health centers. At that time, the number of sailors of Columbus, Da Gama and Magellan in the west was between 90- 1500 respectively; /kloc-above 0/70; 265 people. What I'm talking about here is not just quantity, but a scientific truth. The number of sailors reflects a kind of strength, especially in ancient society, which requires material support from all sides and is not easy.

Second, the fleet establishment. According to the research of Chinese naval professionals for many years, Zheng He's fleet consists of three sequences: sailors, amphibious troops and honor guards. Boat division is the current naval unit and the basic unit of warships. Did they compose music? Called the front camp, the back camp, the middle camp, the left camp and the right camp; Amphibious troops are used for landing operations; The guard of honor is solemn and powerful when serving as a guard and communicating with foreign countries.

According to the mission of going to the West, Zheng He's fleet consists of five parts: command part, navigation part, foreign trade part, logistics support part and military escort part. Command part: the center of the whole fleet, which commands and makes decisions on navigation, diplomacy, trade and operations. Zheng He's position is an imperial envoy and a general eunuch. Navigation part: navigation business, ship repair, weather forecast, etc. Foreign trade: diplomatic etiquette, trade, liaison translation; Logistics support part: managing finance, logistics supply, drafting documents, medical personnel, etc. Military escort part: responsible for navigation safety and military operations. According to the research on the composition of Zheng He's fleet, the compilation was perfect and rigorous, which condensed the rich navigation experience of ancient China people and ensured the realization of Zheng He's voyage to the West.

2. There are all kinds of ships.

Sailing is inseparable from sailing. From the shipbuilding history of China, the size, shape, types and materials of rafts-canoes-boats, wooden boats-metal boats-synthetic boats are constantly changing. Zheng He's voyage to the West was only the most advanced in the world at that time. This is the conclusion drawn by many experts in ship history after long-term research.

(1) quantity

There are more than 200 ships on each voyage. The number of big ships "treasure ships" is between 40 and 60, while Columbus sailed in the west with 3- 17 ships; ④ Dagama; Magellan, five ships.

(2) type

Some scholars have studied Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas according to the Records of Longjiang Shipyard, Military War, Records of the Western Regions and inscriptions, and think that Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas include at least seven kinds: treasure ships, horse ships, warships, seat ships (warships), grain ships and water ships. Treasure boat, treasure boat, horse boat. Small tonnage, flexible, equipped with firearms and fighters, to ensure the navigation safety of the entire fleet. A ship-used to prevent pirate attacks and carry out amphibious operations. A grain ship full of grain and non-staple food. A water carrier-storing and transporting fresh water. At that time, there was no such ship in the world navigation, and it was a great achievement to be equipped with special water ships, which showed the advanced shipbuilding technology and navigation ability at that time.

The research on Zheng He's treasure ship has long been controversial. At present, the main focus of debate is the ship type and the size of the ship.

3. Advanced equipment

Zheng He's western fleet was equipped with the most advanced weapons and equipment at that time. The development of ancient weapons in China was the era of cold weapons before the Song Dynasty, and the era of cold weapons and firearms coexisted from the Northern Song Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The development of firearms in the early Ming Dynasty was unprecedented in the history of China, with various types and greatly improved quality. The proportion of thermal weapons has increased. Zheng He's fleet was equipped with advanced weapons; For example, bowl mill, a kind of flexible artillery; Nozzle, used in water war and siege pool. You can see some in some museums. They are amphibious. The emergence of a new weapon, Sai Xing Fei, is the earliest record of a prototype mine in the world.

Zheng He's voyage to the West is a huge fleet, and communication, command and dispatch are needed between ships and sub-fleets. At that time, there were no modern communication methods and current telecommunications methods. How to communicate at night in the vast sea? What should I do in windy, rainy and foggy days? These are all problems that ancient navigation had to face. So big, so many, so long, so far, how to manage? And returned safely every time, indicating that the wisdom of command and management of ancient China people is remarkable. So how did Zheng He's fleet get in touch? The fleet is equipped with ships, audio signals, flags and other equipment. According to historical records, the fleet "recognizes flags by day and lights by night, and the affairs are one after another, and the left and right are connected, so as not to worry." During the day, flags of various colors are hung and waved in the agreed way to form corresponding semaphores. At night, lanterns are used to reflect the sailing situation. In case of fog and rain with poor visibility, gongs, horns and horns are also used for communication. Zheng He's fleet was completely organized according to the needs of maritime navigation and operations, and formed a tight fleet under unified command, which was an important foundation for Zheng He's success in the Western Ocean.

(C) Zheng He's navigation skills in the Western Seas

As we all know, before mankind entered the aerospace era, navigation was the meeting point of human scientific and technological achievements, and the level of navigation technology reflected the level of scientific and technological development of an era. Today, marine technology is still a high-tech field. The glory of Zheng He's voyages to the West embodies the unique scientific and technological achievements of our nation in the history of world civilization. There are three main aspects that can best represent and embody Zheng He's voyage technology:

1, astronomical navigation technology

China can determine the position and navigation position of ships by observing the sun, moon and stars long ago. Zheng He's fleet combined astronomical navigation and positioning with the application of navigation compass, which improved the accuracy of determining the ship's position and course. People call it "picking stars". Observe and locate with a "star-pulling board", judge the position and direction of the ship by measuring the height of the sky, and determine the course. This technology represents the world advanced level of astronomical navigation in that era.

2. Geographic navigation technology

The geographic navigation technology of Zheng He's voyage to the West is based on marine scientific knowledge and nautical charts, and the navigation route of ships is determined by using navigation instruments such as navigation compass, log and bathymeter, according to the records in charts and needle books. The navigation route is called needle track, and the compass error does not exceed 2.5 degrees.

3. Zheng He's nautical chart

The spread of Zheng He's Nautical Chart to this day is due to the military records of Mao, a writer in the late Ming Dynasty. The original picture is a long scroll in a straight line, and it was changed into a book when it was included in the military annals. From right to left, there are 20 pages of pictures, 40 of which are * * *, and finally two are attached to the chart. More than 530 place names were recorded in the chart, including 30 foreign place names. The farthest east African coast is 65,438+06. Cities, islands, navigation marks, beaches, reefs, mountains and air routes are all marked. Nansha Islands (Wansheng Shitangyu), Xisha Islands (Shitang) and zhongsha islands (Shixing Shitang) are clearly marked. 1947, the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China named the South Island Reef after Zheng He and others to commemorate this great navigator.

Zheng He's nautical chart is the earliest existing nautical atlas in the world. Compared with the most representative Portland charts in the west at the same time, Zheng He's nautical charts have a wide range and rich contents. Although its mathematical accuracy is low, its practicability is better than Portland diagram. Needham of Britain pointed out in his book History of Science and Technology in China: Mills and Bragdon did something about the accuracy of nautical charts in China.

The brilliance of China's advanced navigation technology reflected by Zheng He's voyage to the West shows the great wisdom of the ancient people in China, thus creating Zheng He's voyage to the West.

Third, Zheng He went to the Western Seas.

Zheng He made a historic breakthrough in his voyage to the West. His route crossed the Indian Ocean from the western Pacific Ocean, reached the east coast of west asia and africa, reached the Cape of Good Hope at the southern end, that is to say, reached the Atlantic Ocean, involving three oceans, which was unprecedented in the history of navigation in China, and was also in a leading position in the history of navigation in the world. This was 83 years before Bida Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and Magellan sailed around the world. At that time, it was very remarkable to sail with wooden boats and overcome all kinds of difficulties at sea only by natural wind. You need not only sailing skills, shipbuilding skills and sailing experience, but also courage and adventurous spirit.

According to Hanshu and Geography, in the history of China, during the 2nd century BC and the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Maritime Silk Road of Anyang Airlines was opened, from Guangdong and Guangxi to Sri Lanka, as far as today. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, ocean-going ships from China arrived in the Persian Gulf. Reaching the Red Sea and the East African coast is recorded in China and Arabic documents. Wang Dayuan, a famous traveler in Yuan Dynasty, arrived in Zanzibar twice by merchant ship in 1330 and 1339. The Travels of Marco Polo records that Emperor Kublai Khan sent envoys to visit Madagascar, which laid the foundation for China people to sail in the future. Before the Yuan Dynasty, China West Airlines' ocean-going routes, ships were basically sailing along the coast, and the scale, quantity and quantity of ships.

Zheng He's voyage to the Western Ocean achieved a substantial breakthrough in China's ocean navigation, opened up some new routes, and formed a multi-point crossing maritime traffic network.

Zheng He went to the Western Ocean, set out from Nanjing, assembled at Liujiagang, Taicang, Jiangsu, and docked at Taiping Port, Changle, Fujian, waiting for the northwest Pacific monsoon.1-12. When the monsoon comes, it crosses the Taiwan Province Strait and the South China Sea, reaches Zhancheng at the first stop, then goes to Southeast Asian countries and enters the Indian Ocean. The first three times were mainly in eastern India. As far away as Guli, it was an important port for maritime trade between East and West in ancient times. It began to reach West Asia and East Africa for the fourth time. Some scholars have carefully studied the routes, and think that Zhenghe has 56 important routes with a total length of 15000 Li.

For example, Guli got through to Liu Shan, Mogadishu, Brava, and Kenyan hemp forest land in East Africa, and sailed south to Bila (Mozambican port) and Sunla (now Sofala port). The sub-fleet entered the South African storm area near De La Goasguem, far exceeding the requirements of monsoon navigation. Judging from the history of navigation development, Zheng He's voyages to the West were mature and innovative, which laid the foundation for future navigation.

(4) The mission and achievements of Zheng He's voyages to the West.

Zheng He's voyage to the West is a national act, and Zheng He's fleet is a powerful strategic force. Obviously, the Ming government set out from the national interests (including the will of the emperor) and the needs of the country at that time, and sent Zheng He's fleet to the Western Ocean. To sum up, the mission and achievements of Zheng He's voyage to the West mainly include four aspects:

1. Carry out peaceful diplomacy and stabilize the international order in Southeast Asia.

Before Zheng He's voyage to the West, the international environment around China was turbulent, which was mainly manifested in mutual suspicion and competition among Southeast Asian countries. At that time, Java and Siam, the two largest countries in Southeast Asia, expanded outward, oppressed some neighboring countries, threatened Malaga and Sumatra, occupied cities, towns and even Sanfo Qi, and even killed the envoys of the Ming Dynasty and intercepted the missions that paid tribute to China. The other is that pirates in Southeast Asia and South Asia are rampant, and the maritime traffic lines are not guaranteed. These unstable factors, on the one hand, directly affected the security of southern Xinjiang, on the other hand, greatly affected the international image of the Ming Dynasty, which was not conducive to the stability and development of the Ming Dynasty. In this situation, Ming Chengzu adopted a foreign policy of "keeping China at home, treating foreigners equally and enjoying peace". Zheng He was sent to lead a fleet to the Western Ocean to mediate and ease conflicts among countries by various means, so as to maintain maritime traffic safety, thus linking the stability and development of China with the surrounding areas, trying to establish a long-term stable international environment and enhance the international prestige of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it can be seen from the mission of sending Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty that it was to realize the mission of peace.

Zheng He's voyage to the Western Seas mediated conflicts, calmed conflicts and eliminated barriers, which was conducive to the stability of surrounding areas, safeguarded the stability and maritime security of Southeast Asia and South Asia, and enhanced the reputation of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it can be seen that Zheng He's fleet has strong military strength, but it is used for peaceful purposes, not for aggression and expansion. In the international environment at that time, peace was difficult to achieve without strong military strength as the backing.

Needham's evaluation: China, an oriental navigator, is calm and docile, does not remember old accounts, is generous and generous, and never threatens the survival of others, although he has benefactors; They are armed to the teeth, but they never conquer foreigners or build forts.

2. Deterre the enemy, contain the Mongolian forces and safeguard national security.

At that time, the threats to the security of the Ming Dynasty mainly came from two directions: pirates in the eastern waters, the remnants of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty in the north and the Timur Empire in the northwest. Japanese pirates first appeared in the late Yuan Dynasty, and there was a civil war in Japan. Some samurai and ronin robbed the coast of China in order to survive, which was very rampant during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Ming Dynasty was just established and the country was still unstable, so they concentrated on peace, adopted a passive defense strategy in national defense and set up guards in coastal provinces.

During Judy's period, land and sea posed a serious threat to the security of the Ming Dynasty. He changed his passive defense strategy, took the initiative to leave the plane, moved the capital in the direction of land, and personally conquered Mobei. Zheng He's navy was set in the direction of the sea to deter and attack the Japanese pirates and anti-Ming forces, to implement a strategic encirclement from the sea and to strategically contain the northwest, thus alleviating the pressure on the northern part of the Ming Dynasty.

3. Develop overseas trade and spread Chinese civilization.

Zheng He's mission to the West was mainly for political purposes, but it also had certain economic purposes. There are many considerations for the country to take such a big strategic action. During Zheng He's fleet's voyage to the West, many trade activities were carried out, mainly in three forms:

The first kind of tribute trade. This kind of trade is the basic form of Zheng He's voyage to the West, and it has the nature of a feudal sovereign state. Through this form, these small countries won the recognition of the suzerain status of the Ming Dynasty, which is the political purpose of tribute trade. At that time, all countries actively paid tribute to China and were sheltered and rewarded by the Ming Dynasty. According to statistics, Yongle has been in power for 22 years. Envoys from Asian and African countries related to Zheng He's voyages to the West visited China * * * 3 18 times, with an average of 15 times a year, which is unprecedented. Seven kings of Brunei, Malaga, Sulu and Gumala personally led a delegation. At most 18 countries paid tribute to China at the same time, and three kings died in China during their visit.

The second kind of official trade is an important part of Zheng He's voyage to the West. It traded with local businessmen under the official auspices of both sides, which was an important way to expand overseas trade in the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He's fleet not only carried gifts, but also goods from China, such as copper coins, silk, porcelain, iron and so on. This kind of trade can be bought and sold with copper coins in the Ming dynasty, and many things are bartered. The most influential is the high-five pricing method. In Guri, China's fleet arrived. The local agent is responsible for the transaction and the goods are taken to trading places. The two sides negotiated the price face to face under the auspices of officials. Once an agreement is reached, they will never go back on their word. This friendly way of trade is called beautiful talk in the local area. During Zheng He's voyage to the West, especially after, the scale of trade expanded, following the principles of equality, voluntariness and equal exchange, and possessing some basic principles of international trade.

The third kind of non-governmental trade. To some extent, this kind of trade was promoted by Zheng He's trade activities in the Western Seas. It was initiated spontaneously by businessmen or people. Zheng He's voyages to the West wiped out pirates, safeguarded maritime safety, opened up navigation channels, and promoted and stimulated non-governmental trade. According to some scholars' research, Zheng He's mission did not prohibit officers and men from bringing some China goods to exchange along the way. Southeast Asians like China's silk, porcelain and tools very much. As soon as Zheng He's fleet arrived, they rushed to row boats or trade at the dock, and some also invited officers and men to set up stalls in the local market. At that time, China mainly exported porcelain, silk, tea, lacquerware, metal products and copper coins, and China exchanged them for jewelry, spices, medicinal materials and rare animals. At that time, China imported pepper 100 Jin from overseas, with a local value of 1 2, and returned to China for sale.

Zheng He's trade activities in the Western Seas include political trade and economic trade.

Wherever Zheng He went to the West, he not only carried out overseas trade, but also spread China's advanced culture. At that time, some countries and regions in Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa were backward in social development and longed for Chinese civilization. Judy sent Zheng He to the Western Seas, and also shouldered the mission of "educating overseas, guiding etiquette and changing habits". Zheng He spread Chinese civilization overseas. It has written a new chapter in the history of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The contents of Zheng He's voyage to the West to spread Chinese civilization mainly include the following aspects: Chinese etiquette and Confucianism, calendar and weights and measures system, agricultural technology, manufacturing technology, architectural carving technology, medical technology, navigation and shipbuilding technology.

There are still many stories about Zheng He circulating overseas. There are Bukit China and Lihang Baojing in Malaysia, Semarang and Semarang Temple in Indonesia, leaving the remains of Zheng He and expressing the local people's respect for this pioneer in spreading Chinese civilization.

4. Develop marine industry and lay Asian-African routes.

The ocean is the cradle of life, accounting for 70.8% of the earth's surface area and rich in resources. Since ancient times, it has been a space for human production and life, which has had an important impact on human society and is closely related to the survival, development and rise and fall of our Chinese nation. Our ancestors created Longshan and Baiyue marine cultures in the early days. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas pushed China's ancient marine industry to the peak of development, which was of great significance to mankind.

First, the Asian-African intercontinental route was opened, paving the way for westerners to sail in Asia and Africa. When the Portuguese navigator da Gama bypassed the Cape of Good Hope along the west coast of Africa and reached the coast of East Africa, the locals told us that China people had visited several times decades ago. With the help of Arab navigators, they successfully arrived in India along the route opened by Zheng He's fleet.

Secondly, I made some oceanographic surveys in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean, and collected and mastered a lot of oceanographic data. Zheng He's nautical charts were drawn through a large number of marine surveys. This marine survey is more than 400 years earlier than the British Challenger 1872- 1876, and it is the earliest marine survey record in the world.

Thirdly, the navigation area is strategically laid out. According to his mission and marine knowledge, Zheng He chose Zhancheng, Manlaga, Jiugang, Guli and Hulumos as the key areas for marine development, which is conducive to expanding the scope of overseas transportation and trade.

Zheng He's voyages to the West made many contributions to the marine cause. Zheng He's brilliant achievements belong to China and the world. He has been in the ocean for 28 years since he was in his thirties. He was 60 years old when he went to the Western Ocean for the last time. He resolutely led the fleet out for cultural exchanges and navigation between China and foreign countries. This time, he never came back and died in Guri, India, at the age of 62, buried forever on the road of peace he opened up.

Among the China heroes with bright stars, Zheng He has attracted the attention of the international community not only because he is ahead of westerners in navigation technology, but also because he is superior to westerners in navigation technology. I think the most important aspect that people pay attention to and study about him is probably a cultural spirit represented by Zheng He: a value orientation that China people conquer nature without fear of difficulties and obstacles, and a determination to open their doors to the world for cultural exchanges.

Zheng He's spirit of loving his post and serving the country is eternal, which embodies the excellent moral qualities of the Chinese nation, such as openness, enterprising, peace and friendship, exchanges and cooperation, managing the ocean and being the first in the world. It is a valuable spiritual wealth worthy of future generations to inherit and carry forward and promote human civilization.