Harvest of citrus and grapefruit in Jianyang

According to the maturity, use and market demand of citrus pomelo, the harvest time is determined. It is not suitable to pick fruits in rainy days and when the dew on the fruit surface is not dry. People who pick fruit should wear gloves, cut the fruit together with the fruit handle with a round-headed fruit scissors, then cut the fruit pedicle flat and handle it gently. Pick fruits from outside to inside and from top to bottom. The inner wall of all fruit containers should be smooth, and the harvested fruits should be transported to the packaging yard or storage warehouse in time. Avoid sun and rain.

Fruit harvesting of Shatian pomelo is the end of field work and the beginning of storage and transportation, and it is the most critical link to improve storage resistance and reduce rot. Timely harvesting is an important guarantee to improve the quantity and quality of fruits. A, pine needle stacking: sun-dry fresh pine needles, first spread a layer on the ground, and then stack the fruits, so that each layer of pine needles stacks 0.5 tons of fruits, and the height does not exceed 7 layers. This method is beneficial to the normal breathing of fruits and maintains the quality. B, river sand storage: the river sand is washed and disinfected with preservatives. After drying, pile a layer of sand and a layer of fruit like pine needles. The effect is the same as that of pine needles, except that the sand needs to be removed when the fruit leaves the warehouse.

C. Indoor brick pool storage: build a pool in a dry room or enclose it with wooden boards, with widths of 100 and 80 cm respectively. When it is used, it should be disinfected first, then the dried and disinfected straw should be put on the bottom, and then the fruit should be piled into a pagoda shape, leaving enough space around it. It can usually be covered with plastic film or straw curtain, and it is not necessary to cover it tightly. 2. Plastic film tent storage: In a ventilated and dry place, build a rectangular tent with tasteless colored plastic, which is filled with fruits, both boxed and naked. The ground should be padded with dried and disinfected straw or pine needles and river sand, and each pile of fruit should be 0.5 tons. [2]3. Underground cave storage or cellar storage: cellar structure: the cellar consists of cellar mouth, cellar neck, cellar body, cellar bottom and cover plate. The diameter of the pit mouth is 50 cm and the length of the pit neck is 50 cm. Cylindrical, higher than the ground 10 cm to prevent rainwater from flowing into the cellar. The surface, mouth and neck of the cellar are compacted with concrete or cement and dried. The cellar is 200 cm deep and 250 cm in diameter, which is triangular. Storage of fruits in cellar: old cellars and fruit boxes should be disinfected, and fruits should be put into cellars after 5 days of disinfection. Fruit boxes (baskets) are used to put the fruits into the cellar, which are arranged in turn by the cellar walls and stacked in 3-5 layers, with 100~ 120CM in the middle as the fruit selection space. Cover the pit with slate after putting the fruit away. Each cellar can store 500 kilograms of fruit. 4. Keeping (hanging) the tree for preservation: Taking advantage of the characteristics of no obvious respiratory peak and long maturity period in the ripening process of citrus pomelo, the ripe fruit is left on the tree and harvested in stages and batches. However, the following points should be done well: (1) Prevent fruit drop in winter: The ripe fruit of Citrus grandis is in the winter when the temperature is gradually decreasing, and the fruit stalk is easy to delaminate, leading to fruit drop. In order to prevent this phenomenon, 20ppm of 2.4-D was sprayed three times at the end of 10 and the beginning of10, and the effect was obvious. In addition, spraying 15ppm gibberellin at the same time can prevent pericarp senescence and delay fruit juice granulation. (2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management: apply organic fertilizer again in the first half of 5438+ 10 to protect fruits and promote flower bud differentiation. After the fruit is harvested, topdressing liquid fertilizer mainly with quick-acting fertilizer in time. If it is dry in winter, it must be irrigated. (3) Time limit for leaving (hanging) trees: Blood oranges should be harvested from the end of 65438+/kloc-0 to the end of February, and fruits should be harvested when the temperature drops below zero. (4) Avoid continuous operation. Generally, trees are kept fresh for 2 years, and intermittent 1 year is better. 1. General storage: At the initial stage of storage, the temperature and humidity in the storage room are high, so doors and windows should be opened all day to cool down and reduce humidity. When it is cold, open the window to keep warm during the day and close the window to keep warm at night. In order to reduce the evaporation of fruit water, a plastic film was covered in the fruit box in the middle and late storage period. When water drops appear on the peel or film, uncover the film and dry it before covering. After the fruits are stored, they should be inspected every 10~ 15 days to pick out damaged fruits, rotten fruits and diseased fruits. After beginning of spring, fruits were picked every 5~ 10 day. 2, plastic film tent storage: mainly check regularly, when water droplets condense on the tent wall, open the tent for ventilation to avoid navel orange deterioration and rot. Check and select fruits every 10~ 15 days, and pick out damaged fruits, rotten fruits and diseased fruits. 3. Storage in underground kiln: After the fruits are put into the cellar, check them every 7~ 10 days, mainly to check the rotten fruits and change them into fresh air, so as to reduce the temperature and humidity in time. At first, we had to mention water vapor. When checking rotten fruits, people should blow air into the cellar before entering it to drive out carbon dioxide. Water vapor extraction is to hang ten straws in the cellar, and then change them into dry straws after the straws absorb enough water vapor to get wet. Blood orange stored in this cellar for 6 months, the good fruit rate can reach about 90%.