Causes and measures of global warming? Answer thank you with high school geography knowledge!

Global warming refers to the increase of global temperature. In recent 100 years, the global average temperature has experienced two fluctuations of cold-warm-cold-warm, which can always be regarded as an upward trend. Since 1980s, the global temperature has obviously increased. 198 1 ~ 1990, the global average temperature increased by 0.48℃ compared with 100 years ago. The main reason for global warming is that humans have used a lot of fossil fuels (such as coal and oil) and released a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the past century. These greenhouse gases are highly permeable to short-wave radiation from the sun and highly absorptive to long-wave radiation reflected from the earth, which is often called the greenhouse effect and leads to global warming. The consequences of global warming will redistribute global precipitation, melt glaciers and frozen soil and raise sea level, which will not only endanger the balance of natural ecosystems, but also threaten human food supply and living environment.

The main causes of global warming are the destruction of the atmosphere, serious pollution and the possible impact of global warming. Global warming will bring complex potential impacts on the earth and human beings, both positive and negative. For example, with the increase of temperature, sub-polar regions may be more suitable for human habitation; Under appropriate conditions, higher carbon dioxide concentration can promote photosynthesis, thus making plants have higher carbon fixation rate, leading to an increase in plant growth, that is, the yield-increasing effect of carbon dioxide, which is a positive impact of global warming. However, compared with the positive impact, the negative impact of global warming on human activities will be more enormous and far-reaching. In August this year, CCTV reported that the summit of Mount Qomolangma dropped by 1.3 meters due to climate warming.

Glacier shrinkage in Qilian Mountains endangers Hexi Corridor: In recent years, the melting of glaciers in Qilian Mountains has decreased by about 654.38 billion cubic meters compared with that in 1970s, and the snow line of glaciers in some areas is rising at an average annual rate of 2-2.6 meters. According to experts' analysis, in addition to natural climate factors, glacier retreat and snow line rise are mainly caused by population expansion, overload and overgrazing, over-reclamation, deforestation and indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater. China Environment News 2004-9- 16

1, the influence of sea level rise The sea level has risen by 14.4cm in the past century, and by 1 1.5 cm in China. The main reason for sea level rise is the thermal expansion of seawater. When the ocean warms, the sea level rises. Global warming will lead to the melting of icebergs in the north and south poles of the earth, which is also one of the main reasons for the rise of sea level.

Global warming is an indisputable fact, especially in the past 50 years, the speed of temperature rise is accelerating.

According to Dr. Liu Hongbin from China National Climate Center, the global average surface temperature has obviously increased in the past 100 years, and the warming range will increase in this century. The latest observation shows that from 1906 to 2005, the global average surface temperature rose by 0.74℃, and the average temperature in the northern hemisphere in the second half of the 20th century may be the highest in recent 1300 years. According to the research report published by Goddard Institute of Space Research of NASA at the end of last month, 2008 was the ninth hottest year since the meteorological record of 1850. It is estimated that the next El Ni? o phenomenon will begin to form this year or next year, and the global surface temperature may set a new record in the next year or two.

Chao, deputy director of the Science and Technology Development Department of China Meteorological Bureau, believes that the continuous rise of global temperature has had an important impact on climate change. The characteristics of the change rate are: the northern hemisphere is faster than the southern hemisphere, the high latitude area is faster than the low latitude area, and the change in winter is greater than that in summer. He also said that greenhouse gases have a lifetime, and their greenhouse effect will have an impact in decades or even hundreds of years, so their impact is far-reaching. It is predicted that the temperature rise will continue until the end of this century.

African countries formulate action plans

The African continent is the region most seriously affected by climate change. In recent years, due to the widespread drought and flood disasters in African countries, the grain output is seriously insufficient. In the Horn of Africa and its surrounding areas, severe drought has caused more than 20 million people to lack food, and many people have to rely on relief to make a living. The rising temperature has also affected the development of animal husbandry. 40% of the land in Africa is owned by herders, but the drought caused by rising temperature increases the morbidity and mortality of livestock. People in most African countries depend on agriculture and animal husbandry for a living, so climate warming has caused many people to fall into poverty. Climate warming has also led to the epidemic of diseases and the destruction of ecological balance in this area.

Climate change has attracted the attention of more and more African countries. Uganda's Ministry of Environment has formulated an action plan to deal with climate change, increased investment in science and technology and public education, and raised public awareness of climate change. Zambian President Banda recently pointed out that adapting to the impact of climate change is a priority for the government. Zambia emphasizes the role of forests in absorbing greenhouse gases and will evaluate its forest policy this year. At the same time, a national strategy to deal with climate change is also being formulated. South Africa has held annual climate change conferences since 2005, and the white paper on climate change will be completed before 20 10 and implemented before 20 12.

The EU has accelerated the development of renewable energy.

Extreme weather and water shortage caused by rising temperatures are plaguing Europe: Britain suffered the worst flood in 60 years; A strong storm came to France; Alpine glaciers have retreated nearly 200 meters in the past 150 years; Spain suffered the worst drought in 40 years, and Barcelona, the second largest city, had to urgently dispatch ships to buy water from France to supply residents; Desertification threatens the Iberian Peninsula, and it is reported that Spain's climate has begun to "africanize"; Forest fires caused by heat waves and droughts frequently occur, and Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and other countries suffer greatly; Climate warming has also affected grape cultivation in some areas of southern Europe, and farmers have to consider destroying vineyards and opening up new planting areas in higher altitude areas.

In response to climate warming, the EU is prepared to invest 654.38+005 billion euros to develop a "green economy" before 2065.438+03. Increase the development of renewable energy, reduce dependence on fossil energy, and plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% on the basis of 1990 by 2020. By 2020, the proportion of renewable energy in energy consumption will increase to 20%, the biofuel used for transportation will increase to at least 10%, and the consumption of coal, oil and natural gas will decrease by 20%. Spain plans to change its economic development model and develop renewable and clean energy. The government formulated the "Strategy of Energy Saving and Effective Utilization in 2004-20 12" and began to implement energy saving and efficiency improvement plans in seven aspects, including industry and transportation. Sweden plans to stop all domestic cars from using fossil fuels by 2030. The goal set by Copenhagen, Denmark, is to achieve zero carbon emission by 2025. Portugal has built the world's largest solar photovoltaic power station, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 90,000 tons per year compared with coal-fired power stations with the same power generation. Germany, France, Italy and other parties to the Alpine Convention have also recently adopted an action plan to deal with climate warming in the Alps.

The United States introduced countermeasures.

In the United States, people are forced to move to the highlands because of rising temperatures and increasing storms in Alaska. The reduction of snowfall in western mountainous areas has brought negative consequences to fisheries, hydropower generation and industrial and agricultural water use. The sea level in California has risen by 20 cm in the past 100 year, making 260,000 residents and more than 3,000 kilometers of roads a "flood risk zone". It is estimated that the sea level in California will rise by about 1.4 meters by the end of this century. The shortage of fresh water and the reduction of agricultural production caused by climate warming are also problems that the United States has to face. Steven Chu, the US Energy Secretary, said that if the United States does not take active actions to slow down global warming, the shortage of fresh water in the western and midwestern regions of the United States will become more serious, and large farms and vineyards in California may disappear by the end of this century.

The American government plans to introduce a set of countermeasures: start the system of "total control and carbon emissions trading"; Set targets every year, and finally reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the level of 1990 by 2020, and then reduce them by 80% by 2050; In addition, it will invest 654.38+0.5 billion dollars to develop clean energy, safe nuclear energy and clean coal technology. The EPA will reconsider California's request and allow it to take the lead in implementing strict automobile exhaust emission standards, which will have a demonstration effect on more than 0 states in the United States/KLOC-0.

China participates extensively in international cooperation.

China is an active participant in curbing greenhouse gas emissions. Up to now, China has signed 103 environmental protection agreements with 97 countries, and participated extensively in international cooperation in environmental research, technology and policy. In June, 2007, China officially released the China National Program to Address Climate Change, and in June, 2008, it released the White Paper on China's Policies and Actions to Address Climate Change. It is worth mentioning that China's national programme to address climate change is the first national programme to address climate change proposed by a developing country.

To curb global warming, countries need to work together to implement the relevant provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, improve energy efficiency, develop new energy sources, and save energy and reduce emissions. Due to the limitation of capital and technology, developing countries have weak ability to resist risks and are greatly affected by climate warming. Developed countries such as Europe and America have accumulated a lot of experience in environmental protection and have great advantages, so they need to help developing countries in technology and capital.