There is a "strange thing" in Xinjiang. People living in the Tarim River Basin, the drier the weather, the more people expect sunshine. Can you explain what you have learned?

I just hope that solar energy will melt a little glaciers and get more river water. Hot weather will melt glaciers and make water flow.

But to make full use of these hard-won water sources, it is necessary to use "karez".

Karez, Wan Li Great Wall and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are also known as the three major ancient projects in China, which were called "wells and canals" in ancient times.

There are about 1.600 karez wells in Xinjiang, which are distributed in Turpan basin, Hami basin, Pishan and Kuche in southern Xinjiang, Qitai and Fukang in northern Xinjiang, among which Turpan basin is the most concentrated, reaching more than 1.200, with a total length of more than 5,000 kilometers. Some people call it an "underground canal". People who have visited Karez are all amazed at its ingenious design and arduous project. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of all ethnic groups in China and a monument to hard work!

The structure of Karez is generally composed of four parts: shaft, underground passage, ground passage and "waterlogging dam" (small reservoir). Bogda Mountain in the north of Turpan Basin and Karawu Mountain in the west are both mountains. In spring and summer, a lot of snow and rain flow down the valley and dive under the Gobi Desert. People use the slope of the mountain to skillfully create karez, which leads underground undercurrent to irrigate farmland. Kaner won't evaporate a lot of water because of high temperature and strong wind, so the flow is stable and self-flow irrigation is guaranteed.

Karez, as early as in historical records, was called "well canal". Most of the existing Karez wells in Turpan were built in the Qing Dynasty. Today, a large area of oasis fertile land is still being watered. In the suburbs of Turpan, there are five forest karez and five-star township karez, which can be visited.