What are the customs or festivals in Liuzhou?

Liuzhou, alias "Dragon City", is an ancient city with a history of 265,438+000 years. Now it is a municipality directly under the central government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, which governs five districts and two counties (Liujiang County and Liucheng County), with a total area of more than 5,200 square kilometers and an urban area of more than 650 square kilometers. It is a multi-ethnic city dominated by Han nationality, one of the hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangxi, and the hometown of Li Ning of Prince of gymnastics and Xie Saike, the world champion of table tennis.

Liuzhou is an important transportation hub and regional economic center in southwest China, and also the largest industrial base in Guangxi. It is a pilot city for comprehensive reform of the national economic system, an advanced city for rejuvenating the city through science and education, a sanitary city, an advanced city for landscaping, an excellent city for comprehensive environmental improvement and a civilized city in Guangxi. It is a famous historical and cultural city and a national first-class tourist city. 199 1 Liuzhou ranks 27th among the top 50 cities in China in terms of comprehensive economic strength, economy and society. Liuzhou's GDP is 1997 and163.5 billion yuan.

Liuzhou is located at 23 54'-24 50' north latitude and10814'-109 45' east longitude, in the middle of Guangxi, China, in the middle reaches of the Xijiang River in the Pearl River Basin, with the best scenery in northeast Guilin150km in southwest Guangxi.

Liuzhou belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with moderate temperature, abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine and evergreen seasons. The annual average temperature is 20.5℃, the annual average rainfall is over 1400 mm, the annual average sunshine is over 1600 hours, and the frost-free period is over 300 days.

Liuzhou has 530,000 hectares of land resources and 53,000 hectares of forests, including dozens of species such as Chinese fir, pine, camphor, maple, Schima superba and Toona sinensis. There are abundant hydraulic resources, and nearly 30 kinds of minerals with proven mining value are manganese, aluminum, tungsten, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, talc, gypsum, limestone, marble, barite and rare metals.

Liuzhou is rich in rice, corn, sugarcane, peanuts, cassava, tung oil, hemp and other food and cash crops. More than 0/20 varieties of vegetables, more than 20 kinds of fruits such as citrus, orange, grapefruit, longan, pear, peach, plum, persimmon, chestnut and guava.

Liuzhou is rich in cultural heritage and tourism resources. "The mountains are green, the water is beautiful, the caves are strange, the rocks are beautiful, the forests are lush and the grass is abundant". The urban area is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the Liujiang River winds through it. "Hehe Jiuhuan, rolling in our intestines" shows the charm of "the first natural bonsai in the world". An Baili Cave, a cultural site of ancient human "Liujiang Man" in southern China, is the first cave science museum in China that integrates tourism and popular science. China film artist Zhao Dan's Duleyan scenic spot, named "The World is Happy", has wonderful caves, unique caves and various stalactites, which constitute the "Palace of Nature Fantasy Art". The Yufeng Mountain rising from the ground and the Xiaolongtan at the foot of the mountain are legendary places where the singer Liu Sanjie preached and taught and took a fish to heaven. Liu Hou Park, with the tomb of Liu Zongyuan, a literary artist and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty in China, and the Liu Hou Temple, is a nostalgic attraction. Dalongtan Park, known as the "Oriental Wonder", is full of rich ethnic customs with its charming lakes and mountains and quaint minority villages, which makes visitors linger. Arrow Mountain Park, which is characterized by strange stone culture, and Panlong Mountain Park, which is characterized by Ming and Qing culture and traditional culture of Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, show Liuzhou's rich strange stone resources and profound history and culture.

Liuzhou Maanshan park

Visitors can take the cable car from Yufeng Mountain to Maanshan Park in the east. The mountain runs from east to west, 500 meters long and 270 meters above sea level. This is the highest mountain in this city. It is abrupt, concave in the middle and shaped like a saddle, hence its name. Tianmashan, known in ancient times, is known as "soaring in the sky" because it stands on the river bank, much like a galloping horse roaring in the air, and is one of the eight scenic spots in Liuzhou.

There are many places of interest on the mountain. According to legend, Tie Guai Li and Lv Dongbin of the Eight Immortals once played chess here. Up to now, there are immortal footprints and chess stones more than a foot long on the mountain, which have become a good place for tourists to enjoy. There are many poems by famous people in the past dynasties, and it is very interesting for tourists to visit the mountains and enjoy poems.

Liuzhou duleyan

Duleyan, named after Dule Village, is located in the southeast of the city12km. From the city, you can take bus No.9 directly to this natural landscape garden park with karst cave landscape as the main body and rich pastoral scenery. Located 20 kilometers away from Fiona Fang, it consists of 12 peaks, 46 caves, 2 100 mu of green land, 3000-meter-long Qingxi, 4 artificial lakes and modern calligraphy forest.

The mountains here are like dragons and lions, like chickens and cats, and if people are monkeys, they are lifelike; The trees are lush, and the peach blossoms and bauhinia are blooming in spring, which is beautiful. Sunflowers and cannas in autumn are colorful and attract tourists. These caves are called "palaces of natural fantasy art". At present, Panlong, Tian Tong, Yunshui and Leshou Grottoes are connected with each other, with a total distance of more than 700 meters. The road in the cave is tortuous and deep. The stalactites in the cave, like flowers, fish, birds and beasts, are really breathtaking and magnificent.

The famous scenic spots in the cave are: the torch welcoming guests, the release of Liujiang River, the scenery of the South China Sea, the dawn of the mountain village, the duet of the three sisters, the fish leaping into the sky, the beasts in the forest, and the Dole Waterfall, which are breathtaking after viewing. Inside the cave is a paradise, and outside the cave is a beautiful scenery on earth. On the stone wall under the banyan tree by the roadside in front of the mountain, the four characters inscribed by the famous artist Zhao Dan are striking and meaningful.

Liuzhou panlongshan

Panlong Mountain, also known as Baota shan, is located on the east bank of Liujiang River. It is made up of three peaks, and the river stands like a dragon, hence its name. Now it has been built into a park. The elevation of the main peak is197m, with beautiful mountains and dangerous waters. In the Ming Dynasty, the Wangjiashan House and Pangu Temple were built on the mountain. After visiting, Xu Xiake praised the wonders here. In the Qing Dynasty, an ancient pagoda was built on the mountain and was later demolished.

1993 "Wenguang Pagoda" was rebuilt and "Panlong Pagoda" was built. The two pagodas are hexagonal and seven-story buildings with different styles. They echo each other from a distance and set each other off into a double sword, so the "Panlong Twin Towers" has become a famous landscape in Liuzhou. The park is divided into Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, ancient, local and other cultural areas, with strong religious color, attracting people from all directions and surrounded by smoke all day long. At night, from the Liujiang Bridge to the east, the lights of the Twin Towers twinkle, like the stars Qi Fei; The tower shadow in the middle of the river hangs upside down, like a girl's kiss xiu, which forms a colorful night scene with the heroic attitude of Liujiang Wen Hui Bridge.

Liuzhou Yufeng mountain

Yufeng Mountain rises from the ground and stands tall in Yufeng Park in the downtown area on the south bank of Liujiang River, with a height of 88 meters. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan called this mountain "small and high, resembling a fish", so he named it Li Yufeng, also known as Shiyu Mountain. The mountains are shaded by trees, and ancient buildings such as Cuisong Pavilion, Guanshan Pavilion and Guanmei Pavilion should be laid. The mountainside is steep and there are stone carvings everywhere. The four characters "Liujiangzhu" written by the ancients are powerful and powerful. There are seven caves on the mountain, such as Cool Garden, Jade Cave, Panshi Cave, Chunyang Cave, Evil Wind Cave, Jiesi Rock and Sanjie Rock, which are connected with each other, and are called "the seven heads of learning". There are many literati and poets in the cave who praise the inscription on this mountain.

When Xu Xiake visited in Ming Dynasty, he praised: "It is a mountain that runs through the abdomen, reaching out in the hollow and exquisite in all directions, which is rare in Guilin Grottoes." Climb up the steps along Panshan Road to reach the peak. Standing on the top of the mountain, people can see the magnificent scenery of Liuzhou. There is a small Longtan at the southeast foot of the mountain. The surface of the swimming pool is not large, but the water is clear and cool. If it is used to make wine in tea, it is fragrant and delicious. Liu Zongyuan once called it "Lingquan". This pool is formed by groundwater gushing, and its water dives into the cave at the foot of the mountain and pours into Liuzhou, so the pool water fluctuates with the river.

Looking at Yufeng Mountain from the southeast bank of the pool, the peak is like a carp jumping out of the pool. The pool is bright and beautiful, and the scenery is spectacular. This is the "Nantan Fish Leap", one of the eight scenic spots in Liuzhou. According to legend, this is the place where the Zhuang people sing folk songs, so there are still sites such as "Sanjie Rock", "Malanshi" and "Duigeping". There is a white marble statue of Sister Liu on the mountain, and there is a duet sculpture of men and women in the cave. In the "Stone Play Boutique Hall" in the south of Xiaolongtan, there are more than 500 pieces 100 varieties of stone appreciation products, which are worth visiting. China's first tourist cableway located in the city center connects Yufeng Mountain with nearby Maanshan, which provides great convenience for tourists.

Liuzhou Shengtangshan

Tang Sheng, located in the south of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, consists of seven majestic peaks with an altitude of 1600 meters. The top elevation of the main peak is1979m, which is the first peak in Guangxi. Mount Tangtian is one hundred miles away from Fiona Fang. The peaks are hidden in the clouds for many years, hidden and mysterious. Climbing to the top of the mountain, I saw mountains and peaks, such as bamboo shoots, stretching for dozens of miles, like the Tallinn Sea, magnificent. Its main landscapes are: Yunfeng, the sea of clouds, glacial remains, stone rivers, stone seas, ancient stone walls, 10,000 mu of rhododendron forest, fog rainbow mirage, waterfalls and so on.

Yunfeng is at the top of the peaks, and when there are clouds in the south of the peak, it passes through the peaks. When the clouds pass the peak, they are extremely fast and spewing out, which is a spectacle. Tourists are at the top of this mountain, surrounded by flowing clouds, and have a feeling of ecstasy.

In the early morning, tourists stand on the top of the mountain and look out, only to see the sea of clouds and waves stretching for dozens of miles at the top of the mountain, and the mountains are like islands in the sea of clouds. When the sun comes out, the clouds are inlaid with Phnom Penh and there is sunshine everywhere.

There are two parallel waterfalls in Shengtang Mountain, which are tens of meters high. The mainstream is in the form of waves, and the roar travels thousands of miles. It is rich in water and can last for years. There are several streams beside the mainstream, which are in harmony with the mainstream. The waterfall merges into one below, forming a crystal clear and beautiful pool.

Rhododendron forest is not unique to Tang Tianshan Mountain, but tens of thousands of acres are connected into one, and there are many kinds, which is the uniqueness of Tang Tianshan Mountain. The azaleas here are short and stout, primitive in shape, simple and vigorous, and the flowers are bright and magnificent. When flowers bloom, it is the tourist season. Visitors to the Rhododendron Sea at the top of the mountain will relax and can't help it.

The northern slope of Tangshan was formed by the disintegration of huge stone peaks caused by cold and freezing weathering in ancient ice age. There are huge stones in the middle, mostly polyhedrons placed obliquely, with neat edges but a little chamfer. Most stone rivers and oceans are covered with dense forests.

Fog rainbow illusion refers to the sultry weather before the rainstorm. When the sun shines on the clouds condensed by cold air in the mountains, it is refracted by tiny water droplets in the dense clouds, resulting in rainbow-like illusion, which is unpredictable, magnificent and charming.

Liuzhou Longtan Park

Visitors can reach Dalongtan, a scenic spot on the outskirts of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, less than 3 kilometers south at the foot of Yufeng Mountain. This is a large-scale scenic spot integrating karst natural landscape, southern minority customs and culture and subtropical karst plant landscape, covering an area of 544 hectares, which is twice as large as the Summer Palace in Beijing. Dalongtan is divided into inner pool and outer pool. The water in the pool is as clear as a mirror, fresh and cool.

There are seven peaks around the pool, which are called the Seven Female Peaks. There is a peak due east, and there is a transparent round hole halfway up the mountain, where you can see the blue sky as a mirror, so it is called Jingshan. In contrast, it is a small and exquisite lonely peak that rises from the ground, just like a slim girl, so it is named Beauty Peak. The two peaks stand opposite each other, forming a famous "fairy mirror". Next to it is a quiet acacia forest, and there is a path leading to Jinghu Lake.

Jinghu Lake near Jingshan Mountain is an artificial lake, and its source is Dalongtan. It is named because the lake is as calm as a mirror and clearly reflects the mountain shadow. Bamboo is planted in Maolin Lake, with a winding path leading to a secluded place, and the lakes and mountains set each other off. Dalongtan was originally named Tang Lei. It is said that the Dragon Thousand Gods live here, which can thunder and rain. Liu Zongyuan once came here to pray for rain for the people, leaving behind "Pray for Rain in Tang Lei" handed down from generation to generation. Zhang Yi, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War in the Ming Dynasty, resigned and returned to Liu, and often went fishing in Longtan.

There are also ethnic minority villages in the south, and there are wind and rain bridges in the park. Visitors can roam the ethnic minority villages in a small carriage, taste local snacks and ethnic dishes, and participate in and watch the chorus of Zhuang people throwing hydrangeas, Yao people shooting crossbows, Miao people stepping on the hall with Lusheng, Dong people grabbing fireworks, Buyi people laughing at wine, etc., with endless fun.

Liuzhou "Liuzhou people" scene

The site of "Liuzhou Man" is located in Tiantong Cave, about 0/6 km southeast of Liuzhou, not far from An Baili Cave. This is a long and narrow cave. The main tunnel is about120m long and has many branches. There are two small halls in the middle, which are the activity places of the cave owners. 1September, 958, the skull fossil of "Liuzhou Man" was found at a distance of 0/8m from Dongkou/kloc-0, which became the focus of Chinese and foreign anthropologists.

"Liuzhou people" are homo sapiens in the late Paleolithic period. They lived about 50,000 years ago and were the earliest modern people discovered in China and the whole East Asia.

Liuzhou Bailiandong

An Baili Cave is located in the southeast of Liuzhou12km. It is the first comprehensive museum for cave science research in China proposed by the famous anthropologist Professor Fei Wenzhong. This is a limestone cave with an area of 7500 square meters. It has five holes, and the hole in the main hall faces south. It is named because there is a huge white stalactite in the center of the cave, which looks like a lotus bud. The winding and narrow tunnel in the cave is 1870 meters long, and there are more than a dozen groups of restored statues of ancient human life scenes along the way.

The cave is divided into six floors, and the stalactites, stalagmites and stone curtains on each floor are colorful and strange. The bottom of the cave is an underground river with a total length of more than 370 meters. Running water is quiet all year round, so you can go boating. During the period of 1956, Professor Fei Wenzhong discovered animal bone fossils, tooth fossils, stone tools, stone ornaments, primitive sand-filled pottery pieces and other cultural relics in the accumulation layer of the cave, covering more than 30,000 years of culture from the late Paleolithic to the early Neolithic, which is rare in China.

198 1 Professor Fei Wenzhong wrote an inscription for Bailiandong: "China can become the center of paleoanthropology research in the world, and Guangxi is the center of the center".

Liuzhou eshan park

Located in the west of Liuzhou, next to Liuzhou Railway Station. Mount Emei, the highest peak in Liuzhou, is one of the scenic spots in Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a five-character poem "Climbing Mount Emei in Liuzhou", which was handed down from generation to generation and recorded in travel notes. The ancients used "E Mountain Liu Shui" to summarize the scenery of Liuzhou. Emei Mountain is full of mysterious colors because of its unique and steep mountain profile. Emei Mountain Park in Liuzhou City is named "Emei Mountain Youth Park", which is an ideal place for young people to seek seclusion, explore miracles and entertain. The main scenic spots in the park include Goose Gate, Cable Car, Goose Mountain Laughing Buddha, Liu Hou Reading Cave, Rain Pavilion, Monkey Face Stone, Peak Observation Platform, Carp Jumping Dragon Gate, Rhino Moon Watching, Wendi Pavilion, Guanting, Shooting Range, and Comprehensive World Amusement Park.

Liuzhou Queshan Park

Queshan Park is peninsula-shaped, with high terrain in the middle and low surroundings. The east, south and north edges are surrounded by lake water. Named after the mountain, the park is a comprehensive park with natural landscape as the main feature. There is a magnificent, beautiful and tall Queer Mountain in the park. Along the stone steps from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, you can see that Liubei Industrial Zone is full of chimneys and factories, and it is a prosperous scene. The lakes and mountains, winding bridges and flowing water, pavilions and trees in the park are intoxicating and unforgettable. Visitors can experience the charm and elegance of "sitting for half an hour and filtering out dust". Among them, the "fresh orchids on the water" and the "Journey to the West Art Palace" in the garden will make you more interested. The largest "Water World Entertainment Center" in the region is also located here. Sejong art gardens, barbecues, rain corridors and other places of entertainment with national characteristics have added endless fun to tourists. At present, the park is gradually developing into a fun plant park integrating amusement culture and popular science culture.

Wedding Etiquette and Customs of Liuzhou Minority Nationalities

Zhuang people

Intermarriage with the Han nationality and other nationalities is common. Before liberation, most of them were arranged by their parents, and a few people were free to fall in love. After liberation, most people practice free love. The ways of free love are throwing hydrangeas, playing wooden troughs, chasing songs and singing duets. Hydrangea throwing is still very popular in Du 'an and Bama. Playing the wooden trough is first played by young women with wooden sticks, making different sounds. Several women beat wooden troughs and then sang folk songs. Many young men also came to the wooden trough with wooden sticks to knock together. Every time we knock at the door, everyone sings folk songs to express the joy and affection between men and women. Folding in half is also a way for young Zhuang men and women to choose their spouses in love. Through Duigue, they can express their feelings, get to know each other and build feelings. However, "choosing a spouse by songs" is not completed at one time, but on the basis of the initial friendship in "Gwen", after many exchanges to develop feelings, it is decided to be lifelong.

Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of China's ancient patriarchal clan society)

Generally don't marry other people. Young Yao men and women have the freedom to fall in love before marriage. Generally speaking, young men and women establish feelings by singing in festivals or other ways, and get married with the consent of their parents. It is common for men to go to their house to adopt wives. Families without boys often have husbands at home. Some families must have husbands at home even if they have boys. In some Yao areas, all men are even "married", and their daughters are left at home with husbands. Today, it is still quite common to recruit husbands to come to the door in Yao areas. The son-in-law who comes to the door is respected by the society, and the daughter has the right to inherit property. The feudal thought of "men are superior to women" is relatively weak. Uncle power is more prominent in some Yao areas. There is a custom in some places that an aunt's daughter must marry her uncle's son. Only when her uncle has no children, or her family doesn't want her, can she marry someone else, but the bride price must be accepted by her uncle. Weddings of Yao people are generally very simple. When seeing the bride off for marriage, the bride usually walks or rides to the man's house, and the men and women in the village come to sing congratulations. I went back to my house for one day the next day and started to work and get married on the third day. When grandpa comes to the door, he doesn't need to bring anything except the matchmaker and two accompanying lang companions. He only went to the woman's house alone, and went back to live in the woman's house the next day. Divorce is very strict. Widows will not be discriminated against when they remarry. Brothers are separated when they grow up and get married, and parents are generally supported by their younger sons.

Miao and Dong people

Young men and women have relatively free love activities before marriage, and socialize through "going into the village" and "going uphill", but they must also get their parents' consent before they can get married. In the past, women got married? After liberation, the custom of "staying indoors" has mostly changed. It is more common to be a son-in-law at home.

Dong people of the same clan can't get married, so cousin marriage is popular, cousin marriage is forbidden, and uncle power is emphasized. Miao people are not in the same family, not in their aunts and cousins, and do not marry between different ethnic groups. There used to be a saying that Miao people don't touch guests (Han). After liberation, national unity has been strengthened, and intermarriage among ethnic groups has increased day by day. In the past, some Dong cottages in the border areas of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou still retain the ancient marriage custom of "robbing relatives". The ways of "robbing the bride" vary from place to place, and basically both men and women are willing. On the night of the wedding, they deliberately hid the bride, while the man tried to "snatch" the bride in the middle of the night, carried it on the sedan chair and returned home in triumph. After liberation, new marriage customs were carried forward. Most of the Dong and Miao people have simple marriages, with loving husband and wife and harmonious families. Dong people also have the custom of eloping. When a pair of lovers are opposed by either parent, they flee to other places and start a small family. After a few months or years, they will ask their relatives and friends to intercede with their opposing parents. Who are the opponents? "What's done is done" had to be admitted, so the young couple went back to their hometown to live.