Rhinitis is caused by cold weather, and nasal mucosa is damaged and bleeding due to forced leakage of nasal mucus. Is there any good way to solve it?

Treatment measures and methods of epistaxis.

(1) Generally, patients are treated with sitting position or semi-sitting position; When shock is suspected, it is recommended to lie flat and face down. Patients with dysphoria were given sedatives, such as intramuscular injection of promethazine 25mg or intramuscular injection of phenobarbital sodium 0. 1g( 1ml). Make it quickly enter a quiet state.

② Hemostasis

① Simple hemostasis and finding bleeding spots Most epistaxis is located in the anterior segment of nasal septum, and the amount of bleeding is small. Patients can be instructed to hold the bilateral nasal alar 10 ~ 15 minutes with their fingers, and at the same time apply cold water bags or wet towels on the forehead and back neck to promote vasoconstriction and reduce bleeding. If the finger still bleeds after loosening, a cotton piece soaked with 1% ephedrine saline or 0. 1% epinephrine can be stuffed into the nasal cavity to stop bleeding. It is also convenient to find the bleeding point afterwards.

② When cauterizing, first use 0. 1% adrenaline cotton pad and add a few drops of 1%? % tetracaine solution, contraction of nasal mucosa, in order to see the bleeding point, relieve pain. 30% ~ 50% silver nitrate and chromate beads are commonly used for punctate cauterization, and then the excess liquid medicine is neutralized with normal saline or soda water to avoid excessive cauterization. YAG laser is commonly used in modern times to coagulate blood vessels to stop bleeding.

(3) Freeze to stop bleeding Under the surface anesthesia of 1% ~ 2% tetracaine solution, after seeing the bleeding point clearly, use a copper tube with a slightly flat front end and a diameter of 0.5mm, or directly place the eustachian tube at the bleeding point, continuously inject liquid nitrogen 1 min into the tube, and take out the copper tube to stop bleeding after rewarming.

④ Lidocaine was injected into pterygopalatine fossa through pterygopalatine canal to block sphenopalatine artery, a branch of maxillary artery, to treat postnasal hemorrhage.

⑤ Packing method is suitable for patients with large bleeding volume, large bleeding surface or unknown bleeding location. The nasal cavity can be filled with absorbable substances such as starch sponge, gelatin hemostatic sponge and fibrin sponge. Vaseline gauze, antibiotic ointment gauze or iodophor gauze can also be used for nasal packing; If all the above methods fail, you can use the posterior nostril packing method, or use air bags and water bags to stop bleeding.

⑥ Hemostatic agent: Luo 'an blood 10mg, 2 ~ 3 times a day, intramuscular injection; 6? 6 grams of aminocaproic acid, diluted with 5% glucose or normal saline 100 ml, was given intravenously within 15 ~ 30 minutes.

(3) Other treatments

① The application of sedatives is very helpful for patients with recurrent bleeding. 2 vitamins, such as vitamin C200mg, are taken orally three times a day; Vitamin K4 8mg, taken orally three times a day; Vitamin P (rutin) 40mg, taken orally three times a day. (3) Hemorrhage shock, fluid replacement and blood transfusion. 4 operation. If the deviation of nasal septum affects the hemostasis measures, the nasal septum can be corrected first, and then hemostasis can be carried out. For a few cases of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped by the above methods, vascular ligation is feasible. If the bleeding comes from below the plane of the lower edge of middle turbinate, ligation of maxillary artery or external carotid artery may be considered. Ligation of anterior ethmoidal artery for epistaxis above the plane of the lower edge of middle turbinate; The upper lip artery can be ligated for bleeding before nasal septum; For patients with recurrent bleeding in the front of nasal septum, 5% sodium morrhuate and other sclerosing agents can be injected locally.

(4) TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment

In traditional Chinese medicine, epistaxis is called epistaxis, epistaxis, cerebral hemorrhage and so on. It is believed that it is caused by various pathogenic factors damaging yang collaterals. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is as follows:

① Excess heat of lung meridian: the symptoms are less nosebleed, dripping, red color, bad breath, bright red and dry nasal mucosa; Most of the body has nasal congestion, yellow cough, fever, thirst and sore throat; Red tongue with yellow fur and floating pulse. It is advisable to dispel wind and clear heat, clear lung and stop bleeding. The prescription is flavored with mulberry juice and Allium macrostemon powder. Medicinal purposes: Frosted Mulberry Leaves 15g, Chrysanthemum 1 2g, Forsythia suspensa 12g, Platycodon grandiflorum 12g, Almond 10g, Rhizoma Phragmitis 12g, Mint 10g, Mulberry.

(2) Excessive stomach heat: severe nosebleed, red color, red and dry nasal mucosa; Thirst leads to drinking, bad breath, abdominal distension and constipation; Red tongue with yellow coating and rapid pulse. The treatment should be clearing stomach and purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. Wei Qing San He Rhinoceros Horn Dihuang Decoction. Medicinal purposes: Coptis chinensis 12g, Angelica sinensis 15g, Rehmannia glutinosa 15g, Cortex Moutan 15g, etc.

③ Upward movement of liver fire: sudden epistaxis with multicolored red and crimson nasal mucosa; Accompanied by impatience and irritability, headache and dizziness, bitter mouth and dry throat, red face and red eyes, yellow drowning and constipation; Red tongue with yellow fur and thin pulse. It is advisable to clear the liver and purge the fire, and reduce the adverse flow to stop bleeding. This prescription is modified by Longdan Xiegan Decoction. Medicinal uses: Gentiana scabra 15g, Bupleurum chinense 12g, Scutellaria baicalensis 12g, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 12g, Angelica sinensis, etc.

(4) Yin deficiency of liver and kidney: epistaxis is red with a small amount, and the nasal mucosa is dry and red; Accompanied by dry mouth, lack of body fluid, dizziness and tinnitus, five upset and hot; Red tongue, scanty body fluid and thready pulse. Treatment should nourish liver and kidney, cool blood and stop bleeding. Add and subtract with zhibaidihuang decoction. Medicinal purposes: Radix Rehmanniae 15g, Radix Rehmanniae 15g, Chinese yam and other traditional Chinese medicines.

⑤ Deficiency of both heart and spleen: intermittent epistaxis, exudation, pale face, pale nasal mucosa, palpitation and insomnia, dizziness and fatigue; Pale tongue and weak pulse. Treatment should benefit the heart and spleen and take blood to stop bleeding. The prescription is flavored with Guipi decoction. Medicinal purposes: Astragalus membranaceus 30g, Codonopsis pilosula 15g, Atractylodes macrocephala 15g, longan pulp 12g, Radix Aucklandiae 12g, fried jujube kernel, etc.

Clinically, carbonized blood, puffball powder, Yunnan Baiyao powder, dragon's blood powder, etc. It is commonly used to stuff medicinal cotton wool in the nasal cavity, which can also play a good role in stopping bleeding.