What clothes do ethnic minorities wear?

1, Mongolian. Men, women and children wear Mongolian robes in red, yellow, purple and dark blue. The traditional style is that the body is wide and the sleeves are long, and the hem is not open. Lapels and pendulums are decorated with inlays and colored belts. In addition, women wear red and blue headscarves, leather boots, crowns and silver ornaments when dressing up; Men wear red and yellow headscarves or blue, black and brown hats and high-heeled boots.

2. Miao nationality. Women wear big-collared double-breasted tops, pleated skirts of different lengths, leg wraps, or large-breasted tops, wide-leg pants, and colorful headdresses around their waists; Dressed in festive costumes, clothes are often decorated with embroidery, batik and other techniques, as well as various traditional silver ornaments, such as collars, bracelets and silver clothes (silver ornaments are nailed to clothes). Men wear shorts and trousers, or double-breasted linen robes and wool felt (with geometric patterns on them)

3. Jinuo people. The woman is wearing a collarless and buttonless seven-color decorative pattern top, embroidered on the chest, black and white short skirt and white striped peaked hood. The man is a cotton shirt (collarless, double-breasted, buttonless, embroidered with sunflowers on the back), white cotton trousers, leggings and blue cloth. Both men and women wear earrings.

4. Gaoshan people. Women are generally double-breasted long-sleeved tops or long-breasted narrow-sleeved tops, all kinds of skirts, and black or red cloth heads. Men usually wear double-breasted long-sleeved shirts and vests of different lengths, and wear tunics or front skirts. Gaoshan people pay attention to decoration in festivals and wear beaded skirts.

5. Dai people. In Xishuangbanna, women are short jackets with narrow sleeves, long skirts and silver belts; Women in Dehong area wear large-breasted tops, trousers and small waists before marriage, and double-breasted tops and black skirts after marriage; In Xinping and Yuanjiang areas, women's blouses are often embroidered with silver tassels at the waist and skirt, so they are called "Huayao Dai". Men usually wear small sleeve tops and trousers with white or blue cloth heads. They are used to wearing blankets in cold weather.

Extended data:

Why are the costumes of ethnic minorities in China so bright and gorgeous?

Bright and gorgeous national costumes often appear on the stage of parties, tourist attractions and news broadcast. Why are these ethnic minorities dressed so brightly? In fact, nowadays, ethnic minorities do not wear gorgeous national costumes in their daily lives.

Similar to the Han nationality, they also prefer modern fashion that suits the pace of contemporary life, especially in some big cities. For example, in Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zhuang people account for half of the permanent population, and their streets are not obviously different from those inhabited by Han people.

Even in areas where traditional ethnic costumes are relatively complete, the ethnic costumes worn by local residents will not be colorful at all. If you see gorgeous national costumes in your daily life, most of them are tourists wearing their work clothes. Of course, it is also possible that Han tourists are taking pictures.

Is it the impact of modernization that makes ethnic minorities give up gorgeous traditional costumes? On the contrary, just a few decades ago, the daily clothes of most ethnic minorities were much simpler than today.

Plain cotton and linen fur is often the main raw material of national costumes, and even bark and straw rope are used. As it is now, it is rare to see national costumes that occupy the color swatches of Gao Fancha and are made of reflective fabrics from head to toe. If you live in the tropical south, it is hard to say whether some ethnic men can even call them "clothes".

In the 1950s, we can see some records in the social investigation data of some southern minority areas: ... Both men and women are barefoot all day and never wear shoes and socks ... Usually, their upper bodies are naked, and their lower bodies are covered with fig leaf ... They are covered with blankets, their lower bodies are not covered with trousers, and their genitals are only covered with spoon-shaped wood or copper ... Only in recent decades have ethnic minorities generally worn clothes ...

So, how did these simple and rough national costumes become the colorful ones we see today?

1, add elements for easy identification.

In fact, many of the national costumes we see today were gradually formed after * * * began to systematically investigate and identify ethnic groups in the mid-1950s.

In the early years, the public's cognition of the specific images of different ethnic groups in China mostly stayed within the framework of "harmony between the five ethnic groups". In addition to understanding the images and costumes of Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu and other major ethnic groups, the cognition of various ethnic groups in the south is basically the overall impression of "Hundred Miao".

In 1950s, after the investigation of social living conditions in ethnic areas was carried out, the daily clothes of aborigines in many remote areas were systematically recorded by scholars for the first time. The national costumes recorded in these materials are also simple and rough, and the national differences are not so prominent.

However, with the continuous advancement of national identity, it has become an important demand to define the unique cultural characteristics of different nationalities. If you belong to a minority, you should have its cultural characteristics, and it is best to wear it directly. Therefore, every nation spontaneously or passively embodies specific national visual symbols in its traditional costumes.

After Baima people living in the border area between Gansu and Sichuan were identified as Tibetans, more and more typical Tibetan costume elements began to appear in their traditional costumes.

During the Republic of China, the Hui people in Beijing were no different from the Han people. Out of the psychology of national identity, they began to wear national costumes after the 1980s and 1990s. However, some innovations have been made in the way of dressing. Some Hui women who find it too troublesome to wear headscarves flexibly choose to wear small white hats that originally belonged to men.

2. There are also some national costumes, which add color to the original traditional style considering that they live a happy socialist life.

Every time a minority is identified, the image of them dressed in national costumes is carefully depicted by artists who participate in the study of ethnic areas and enter the field of mass communication.

Especially after 1979, with the identification of "Jinuo", the last ethnic group among the 55 ethnic minorities, the ethnic identification work was basically completed, and a complete set of standard images of ethnic minorities' clothing gradually gained popularity through newspapers, posters, textbooks, stamps and other media forms. ?

The national costumes established at that time, although "enhanced" a lot compared with the daily costumes of ethnic minorities in the early years, are still far from reaching the gorgeous level of national costumes today. ?

3, on the stage, colorful.

The last gorgeous turn of ethnic costumes will have to wait until the reform and opening up and the people of China become rich. Compared with today, the biggest difference of the national costume after the national appraisal was completed 40 years ago is that it still needs to be worn in daily life and work. ?

From the late 1980s to the 1990s, things began to change. With the increasing communication between ethnic minority areas and the outside world, most ethnic minorities no longer spend a lot of energy making traditional ethnic costumes they wear every day, but choose to buy modern clothes that are convenient, concise and practical. In daily life and production work, they also wear clothes they bought. ?

Today, except for some ethnic minority areas with extremely special ecological environment and strong cultural continuity, most ethnic minorities have completely changed into modern clothes in their daily lives, and traditional ethnic costumes have completely lost their most basic practical functions. ?

The significance of national costume has shrunk to the occasion of foreign exhibitions such as cultural performances, and this positioning puts forward higher requirements for the national identity of clothing. For actors on the stage, few people like clothes that are too simple. In order to show the effect, the national costumes in the new era are more and more colorful.

4. Gorgeous national costumes are easier to make and obtain than simple national costumes in the past because of the general national costume decorative materials produced on a large scale by mechanization.

Therefore, under the dual function of functional requirements and convenient production, the national costume has finally become the colorful appearance we see today. However, in most cases, these gorgeous national costumes will only appear in various TV programs.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Minority Clothing