Usage of adjectives and adverbs

Adjectives are used before grades or after be verbs to describe the state of nouns.

Adverbs are used after verbs to describe the state of action.

Adverbs and their basic usage

Adverbs are mainly used to modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs or other structures.

First, the position of adverbs:

1) comes before the verb.

2) After the be verb and the auxiliary verb.

3) When there are multiple auxiliary verbs, adverbs are usually placed after the first auxiliary verb.

note:

A. Modal adverbs are mostly located at the end of the sentence, but the object is too long, so adverbs can be advanced to balance the sentence.

We can see clearly that there is a strange light in front of us.

B. Adverbs of manner, um, bad, bad, difficult, etc. Just put it at the end of the sentence.

He speaks English very well.

Second, the order of adverbs:

1) adverbs of time and place, with small units in front and large units in the back.

2) Adverbs of manner, with short ones in front and long ones behind, are connected by conjunctions such as and or but.

Please write slowly and carefully.

3) Arranged several different adverbs: degree+place+way+time adverb.

Note: adverb very can modify adjectives, but not verbs.

Correction: (Wrong) I like English very much.

(Yes) I like English very much.

Note: Adverbs should be placed after adjectives, and adjectives can be placed before and after nouns.

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone.

There is enough food for everyone.

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Third, adjectives (adj.) indicate the characteristics of people and things, and play a role in modifying and describing nouns.

Fourthly, adverbs (adv.) indicate action features or traits, and mainly modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs and the whole sentence.

(A) the use and location of adjectives

1. Adjectives are used as attributes, predications, object complements, etc. In a sentence, when used as an attribute, and usually comes before a noun.

She has short hair.

Paul is very tall. (as a predicative)

We must keep the room clean.

2. Adjectives are placed after indefinite pronouns.

She has something important to tell us. /

There is nothing wrong with the sentence.

(2) Types, usages and positions of adverbs.

1. Types of adverbs

(1) adverb of time

① indicates the approximate time: now, then, yesterday, today, tonight, before, just now, recently, so faf.

② indicates frequency: always, naturally, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

③ Other functions: already, however, late, early, fast, immediately, immediately, at first, finally, finally.

(2) Adverbs of Place

① Table location: here, there, at home, abroad, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, anywhere, anywhere, somewhere.

(2) Indicating positional relationship (as a preposition when followed by an object): up, down, round, around, down, up, inside, outside, inside, outside, horizontal, back, along, over, far, near, off and past.

(3) Adverbs of manner express the predicate verb "how" (these adverbs are mostly composed of adjectives plus ly): badly, bravely, gratefully, calmly, carefully, carelessly, nervously, proudly, patiently, politely, sadly, appropriately, quickly and wrongly.

(4) Adverbs of degree are often used to modify adjectives or adverbs: much, (a)little, a little, a bit, very, sO, too, sufficient, quite, complete, terrible, profound, near, almost, almost, almost.

(5) Interrogative adverbs form special interrogative sentences: how, when, where and why.

(6) Connective adverbs connect subjects, objects or predicative clauses: how, when, where and why.

(7) Relative adverbs guide attributive clauses: when, where and why.

(8) Adverbs of other natures explain the whole sentence, generally separated from the main sentence by commas: frankly (frankly, really), generally (generally), fortunately (fortunately), first (first) and so on.

2. The usage and position of adverbs

(1) Modifying Verbs as Adverbials

① Most of them are located after verbs, transitive verbs or interrogative objects.

The farmers are working hard in the fields.

She speaks English very well.

The nurse takes care of the baby carefully.

② Frequency adverbs are placed before verbs and after modal verbs and auxiliary verbs.

He always goes to school on foot.

She is often late for school.

I have never been to Beijing.

(2) Modifying adjectives as adverbials and putting them in front of adjectives.

He has a very good watch.

This box is too heavy.

(3) Modify another adverb into an adverbial and put it before another adverb.

She paints quite well.

You speak too fast. I can't understand you

(4) As a predicative, it is placed after the copula verb.

Is anybody there?

(5) As an object complement, put it after the object.

I saw him go out just now.

(6) As an attribute, put it after a noun.

There is a man: on vacation here.

(7) Interrogative adverbs, adverbs that modify the whole sentence, and adverbs such as possible, first, sometimes, and last are generally placed at the beginning of the sentence.

Finally, I finished the work.

Maybe he is watching TV at home.

(8) Adverbs indicating degree are generally placed before the word they modify, but enough after the word they modify.

He is old enough to go to school.

(C) the comparative level of adjectives and adverbs

1. Composition of comparative degree and superlative degree

(1) monosyllabic words and a few disyllabic words

(1) generally add er or est at the end of the word.

Great-greater-greatest, young-younger-youngest, slow → slow → slowest.

② Only R or st is added at the end of e..

Good-better-best, big-bigger-biggest.

(3) If the consonant letter ends in Y, change Y to I first, and then add er or est.

Heavy-heavier-heaviest, easy-easier-> Easiest, busiest-busier-busiest, interesting-more interesting-earliest-earlier → earliest.

(4) Write the last consonant twice, and then add er or ESTBIG-bigger-bigger, thin-> thick, fat-) fat → fate, ht-) fitter → fitter.

(2) For disyllabic words and some disyllabic words, add "more" as the comparative level and "the)most as the superlative level.

Be careful → be more careful-be the most careful

Useful-more useful-most useful

Popular → More popular → Most popular.

Careless-more careless-the most careless.

(3) Irregular words

Good/very good → better → best

Bad/sick/bad → worse → worst

Many/Many → More → Most

Less → less → least.

Old → elder/elder →/oldest (referring to age)/elder (referring to generational order)

Far → farther/farther → farthest (distance)//farthest (degree)

2. Comparative degree and superlative usage of adjectives and adverbs

Comparative usage of adjectives and adverbs (1)

Used to compare the two, meaning "surpass":

"A+ verb+adjective comparative +than+B,

I am two years older than my sister.

"A+ predicate verb+adverb comparative +than+B:

She arrived at school earlier than the other students.

② Used for peer-to-peer comparison between them, which means "… is the same as …";

"A+ copula verb +as+ adjective original level +as+B,

Bill is as interesting as his father.

"A+ Predicate Verb +as+ Adverb Original Level +as+B"

Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily.

(3) It means that A is inferior to B in some respects;

"A+ verb +notas/so+ describes the original level of I+ component as X B."

These books are not as interesting as those.

"A+ auxiliary verb/modal verb +not+ predicate verb +as/so+b"

She didn't sing as well as usual that night.

(4) indicates that within a certain range:

Penny is the taller of the two girls. Penny is the taller of the two girls.

⑤ means "more and more": "comparative +and+ comparative"

The days get longer and longer in spring. In spring, the days get longer and longer.

⑥ means "more … more …": "the+comparative …the+ comparative"

Mott: The better you practice using English, the better you will learn. The more you practice English, the better you will learn.

① Degree can be expressed by comparison degrees such as much, far, even, a bit, a little, a lot, but it can never be modified by very.

Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom is a little taller than Mike;

Today is colder than yesterday. Today is colder than yesterday.

In the comparative level, in order to avoid repetition, you can use that or that instead of the aforementioned things.

The weather here is much hotter than that in our hometown. It is much hotter here than in my hometown.

The trousers in this shop are much better than those in that shop. The quality of trousers in this shop is much better than that in that shop.

(3) The superlative usage of adjectives and adverbs

Use the superlative when comparing three or more people or things. The definite article the should be added before the superlative adjective, and the superlative adverb can be added or not. Can be followed by a short /in to illustrate the comparison range:

"Subject+copula +the+ superlative adjective +of phrase /in phrase"

She is the youngest of all.

"A+ predicate verb +(the)+ superlative+in phrase/phrase"

Linda paints the most carefully in her class.

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One of the main parts of speech in many languages. A word that is mainly used to modify nouns and express the characteristics of things. Adjectives are used to modify nouns or pronouns and express the nature, state and characteristics of people or things.

use

Adjectives are used as attributive, predicative, object and complement in sentences.

She is a good student. She studies hard.

She is a good student. She studies hard.

This bike is very expensive.

This bike is very expensive.

Sorry, I'm busy now.

Sorry, I'm busy now.

Have you got everything ready for the meeting?

Are you ready for this meeting?

The position of adjectives in sentences:

Adjectives as attributes are usually placed before modified nouns. If two or more adjectives modify a noun, it depends on how close they are to the modified noun. The closer the adjectives are, the closer they are to the noun. If several adjectives are similar in affinity, put the adjectives with fewer syllables in front and the adjectives with more syllables in the back.

In English words, when indefinite pronouns is modified by adjectives, such as something, any and nothing, the adjectives are placed after nouns.

I have something important to tell you.

I have something important to tell you.

Is there anything interesting in the movie?

Is there anything interesting in the movie?

There is no danger here.

It's not dangerous here at all.

When modifying a noun, an adjective phrase consisting of two or more words must be placed after the noun.

This is an easy-to-read book.

This book is easy to read.

When two adjectives connected by and and or are used as attributes, they are usually placed after the modified nouns. Play a role in further explanation.

Everyone, men and women, old and young, should attend the meeting.

Everyone, men, women and children should attend the meeting.

You can take any box, big or small.

You can take these boxes, big or small.

The comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives:

Most adjectives have three forms, original, comparative and superlative, to show that adjectives are different in nature.

The comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives:

The comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives change on the basis of their original forms. Divided into regular changes and irregular changes.

Rule change:

1) The comparative and superlative forms of monosyllabic adjectives are formed by adding -er and -est at the end.

Greatness (primitive level) Greatness (comparative level) Greatness (highest level)

2) The comparative degree and superlative degree of monosyllabic adjectives ending in -e are formed by adding -r and -st at the end.

Wide (original) wide (comparative) wide (superlative)

3) The comparative degree and superlative degree of a few disyllabic adjectives ending in -y, -er, -ow and -ble are formed by adding -er and -est at the end.

Cleverness (primitive level) Cleverness (comparative level) The cleverest (highest level)

4) The comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives ending in -y but preceded by consonants are formed by removing -y plus -ier and -est.

Happy (prototype) happier (comparison) happiest (superlative)

5) The comparative degree and superlative degree of adjectives ending with a consonant whose vowels are all short vowels are to write the consonant twice, and then add -er and -est.

Big (original) bigger (comparative) bigger (superlative)

6) The comparative degree and superlative degree of disyllabic and polysyllabic adjectives should be formed by adding more and most before adjectives.

Beautiful (original level)? Difficulty (original level)

More beautiful (comparison) more difficult (comparison)

The most beautiful (superlative) and the most difficult (superlative)

Abnormal change

The original comparative degree is the highest.

Good, better, best

More, more

most

Worst of all

neither more nor less than

Sick even more

utmost

The deepest and deepest

highest

Adjectives like less and lest mean less and least.

What's important, what's not important, what's not important, what's not important is the least important.

Usage of adjective comparative degree:

The comparative degree of adjectives is used to compare two people or things, and its structural form is as follows:

Subject+predicate (copula)+adjective comparative +than+ comparative component. That is, the main clause +than+ clause containing the comparative degree of adjectives. Note that clauses often omit the same part as the main clause in meaning, leaving only the components of contrast.

Our teacher is taller than us.

Our teacher is taller than ours.

Today is warmer than yesterday.

The weather today is warmer than yesterday.

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

This photo is more beautiful than that one.

This meeting is not as important as that one.

This meeting is not as important as that one.

The sun is much bigger than the moon.

The sun is much bigger than the moon.

The superlative usage of adjectives:

The superlative adjective is used to compare two or more people and things, and its structural form is:

Subject+predicate (copula) +the+ superlative adjective+noun+phrase or clause indicating range.

She is the best student in the class.

She is the best student in the class.

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.

This is the biggest apple I have ever seen.

This is the biggest apple I have ever seen.

Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team.

Tom is the tallest boy in their basketball team.

Several special usages:

Most is used with adjectives instead of the, meaning "extremely, very, very, very".

It's the most dangerous here.

It's too dangerous here.

I can't do it. It's too hard.

I can't do it. It's too hard.

"Adjective+comparative ..., adjective+comparative ..." means "the more ..., the more ...".

The more you learn, the more you know.

The more you learn, the more you know.

The more I have, the more I want.

The more I have, the more I want it.

The more, the better.

The more, the better.

"Adjective comparative+and+adjective comparative" means "more and more ...".

The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

It's a pity that he is getting poorer and poorer.

It's a pity that he is getting poorer and poorer.

Computers are getting cheaper and cheaper.

Computers are getting cheaper and cheaper.

More and more people are paying attention to next year's meeting.

More and more people are paying attention to next year's meeting.

Subject+predicate (copula) +as+ adjective prototype +as+ clause. Explain that the contrast is the same.

This box is as big as mine.

This box is as big as mine.

This coat is as cheap as that one.

This dress is as cheap as that one.

I study English as hard as my brother.

I study as hard as my brother.

Use adjectives to indicate categories and whole.

+Adjective indicates someone.

He always helps the poor.

He often helps the poor.

I like talking with young people.

I like talking with young people.

Rich people sometimes complain about their empty lives.

Rich people sometimes complain about their empty lives.

The policeman led the old man across the street.

The policeman led the old man across the road.

Adjectives ending in -ly

Most adjectives +ly can form adverbs. But friendly, dead, lovely, lonely, possible, lively, ugly and brotherly are still adjectives.

Correction: (Wrong) She sings very lovely.

He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

Her singing is very beautiful.

He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2) Some words ending in -ly are both adjectives and adverbs.

Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Annual, Early

The Times is a daily newspaper.

The Times is published every day.

Multiple adjectives modify the order of nouns

When multiple adjectives modify nouns, the order is:

Qualifier-Numeral-Descriptor-(Size, Length, Shape, Old and New, Color)-Source-Material Attribute, Category-Noun

Small round table

A tall gray building.

A dirty and old brown shirt.

A famous German medical school.

An expensive Japanese sports car

Generally, adjectives closely related to modifiers are closely related to nouns; If several adjectives are of similar importance, the adjectives with fewer syllables come first and the adjectives with more syllables come last. If you are not sure, please refer to the following table:

Qualifier+quantifier (ordinal number comes first, cardinal number comes last)+attribute adjective+size, length, height and other forms+

Those+three+beautiful+big+squares

Old and new+color+nationality+material+noun

Old+brown+wood+table

Typical example:

Tony will go camping with _ _ _ boys.

A.two other little things

Answer: C. According to the formula of "Determiner-Numeral-Descriptor-(Size, Length, Shape, Old and New, Color)-Nature-Noun", it can be seen that numerals, descriptors and nature are arranged in order, and only C meets the answer.

One day, they crossed the _ _ _ _ bridge behind the palace.

A. Ancient China stones.

Answer A. Several adjectives modify a noun, and their order is: age, shape, size+color+source+texture+use+country+noun.

3)-How was your recent trip to Qingdao?

-That's great. We visited some friends and spent _ _ _ days at the seaside.

A. The last few sunny days

Answer: B. This question examines the order of multiple adjectives.