Knowledge explanation of photography techniques

Knowledge explanation of photography skills

Knowledge explanation of photography skills. For friends who love photography, in addition to paying more attention to the beauty around them and practicing more, we also It is necessary to conduct theoretical study regularly. The following knowledge about photography techniques is shared with everyone. I hope it will be helpful to everyone's photography. Knowledge explanation of photography skills 1

1. Aperture

Aperture is a commonly used parameter in photography. The size of the aperture can directly affect the amount of light and depth of field. The control of aperture when shooting is very important. Aperture is generally represented by F. The larger the F value, the larger the aperture and the more light the lens captures. All in all, the larger the aperture when taking pictures, the brighter the picture will appear. The relationship between aperture and depth of field is that the larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, and the smaller the aperture, the larger the depth of field.

Adjusting the aperture size during shooting can affect the quality and presentation of the picture. If you use the small aperture of F16, the actual object and subject can be as clear as the background. When taking landscape photos, you can narrow the aperture to a certain range, such as F8-F16, which can produce an overall clear picture quality. Adjusting the virtual reality and layering of photos can be achieved by adjusting the aperture. When shooting still life and people, you can moderately blur the background to make the characters more dreamy and realistic.

When adjusting the aperture, you need to manually define the size. When shooting, novices only need to understand that using a large aperture and a long focal length to shoot people can highlight the main characteristics, relationships and behaviors of the people. When shooting landscapes, use a smaller aperture to shoot. In this way, the greater the depth of field, the photos taken will coordinate the distance and near, and present better results. When you first learn, you can practice shooting a fixed still life or landscape repeatedly.

2. Shutter

Another important parameter that beginners need to learn is the adjustment of the shutter. The speed of the shutter is closely related to the exposure time. If the light is good and sufficient when shooting, The required exposure time is relatively short, and the shutter speed is also relatively short. For beginners, you can choose the automatic gear or P gear on the camera. These two gears are relatively easy to operate and do not require the user to make too many adjustments. At the same time, it can adjust the amount of light entering the photo, and adjust the shutter based on experience according to the environment and light effects when shooting.

Many scenes where the shutter is used are used to shoot moving objects. If you find that the photo is blurry and the moving objects appear lumpy when shooting, then there must be a problem with your shutter speed. The adjustment of shutter speed is very important in shooting moving objects. If the relationship cannot be controlled well, the pictures taken will either be in a still state or a blur. The shutter speed needs to be accumulated over the years to have a clear concept. For example, when photographing moving pedestrians, the shutter speed can be maintained at 1/125 second, while when water droplets are falling, the shutter speed needs to be 1/1000 second. There are certain rules to follow.

3. Macro

As the name suggests, macro photography is to shoot relatively small objects, such as small insects, food details and other microscopic subjects. When macro photography, you need to make good use of changes in light and shadow and Composition skills, the clarity of macro photography is a key issue. If the photos taken are blurry, it will definitely not work. Micro photography is mainly about depicting details vividly and lifelike. Therefore, a tripod should be used to assist when shooting, because hand shaking and instability are prone to occur when holding the camera. It always feels blurry after zooming in. A tripod can be used to fix the camera in a certain position, so that it can focus accurately when shooting the microscopic world, ensuring the clarity of the photo.

In fact, many cameras are equipped with macro lenses. Although its price is relatively high and not suitable for beginners, its effect is very good. In fact, you can also take macro photos using a zoom lens. Adjust it to the macro setting, which is flexible and convenient to use. When taking macro shots, you should avoid using too dazzling bright light. Strong light can easily produce various shadows. When the light effect is dark, Appropriate fill light can be used to coordinate the overall effect, and at the same time, more details should be presented, ensuring a reasonable camera ISO, and using the focal plane is part of what beginners in Yonghe City need to learn.

4. Sensitivity

Sensitivity is actually what we call ISO. Anyone who has studied photography must know that aperture, shutter and sensitivity are called the three elements of exposure. Sensitivity Degree refers to the camera's sensitivity to light. In traditional cameras, the sensitivity setting is a fixed value and cannot be changed. Changes over the years have allowed the sensitivity to change. The higher the sensitivity, the stronger the sensitivity to light. Shooting in a darker environment can increase the ISO value, which will make the photo brighter and have more noise.

Sensitivity is particularly important when shooting night scenes. It can be seen from different photos that the higher the sensitivity ISO, the brightness of the picture will also increase a lot. When shooting, you need to adjust the ISO appropriately, but the adjustment is too high. Overexplosion may occur. When shooting, if the light is insufficient and the ISO value is too low, darker photos will be taken. At the same time, when the sensitivity is increased, the noise will also increase, and the photos will appear unclear and grainy.

It is very important to adjust the sensitivity when taking pictures.

5. Focal length

In addition to controlling the aperture, the focal length is also an important parameter that needs to be adjusted manually when shooting. Simply put, the focal length determines our field of view and framing from the lens. Area, you can see the focal length logo from the parameters on the lens, such as 50mm, 17-40mm, etc. The logos of these two focal lengths represent different meanings. The 50mm number represents the fixed focus head, the focal length is fixed, and the two numbers The logo between the numbers identifies the zoom lens, and the focal length of the lens can cover all focal lengths between the numbers.

When using focal length, you only need to remember one core content. The smaller the focal length, the wider the field of view, the larger the viewing range, the more images captured, and the smaller the proportion of each scene in the image. . For example, when taking a landscape photo, a small focal length can capture the entire scene. The field of view covers the entire mountain peak, but the details such as the trees on the mountain are very small. If the focal length is increased, larger details can be seen. exhibit. Focal length is often used for ultra-wide-angle shooting, landscape shooting, etc.

6. Exposure

Camera exposure refers to the amount of light that enters the sensor through the lens during the shooting process. A high-definition, rich, and natural photo must have normal exposure. If the exposure If it is not enough, the photosensitive element will receive less light and the overall picture will be dark. If it is overexposed, it will receive too much light and the photo will be too bright. Reasonable exposure is formed by the combination of aperture, shutter, and sensitivity. Only the close cooperation and connection between the three can ensure normal exposure when shooting. When the light of the photosensitive element is insufficient, you can open the aperture or reduce the shutter speed to adjust the exposure. degree.

As the three elements of exposure, any parameter setting of aperture, shutter and sensitivity can determine the final imaging effect. As a beginner, you must first thoroughly study and research theoretical knowledge, and pass Actual shooting to enhance practical ability. When shooting, you can use P mode and fully automatic mode for shooting. This method is suitable for novices and users who do not like to set up the camera. Various configurations of the camera environment can be automatically adjusted in this mode, and the user does not need to perform manual exposure.

The above six tips are several elements and configurations that novices must learn when taking pictures. In any case, taking pictures with digital cameras and SLR cameras requires more practice and more practice. Only by learning and seeing more can you be effective. Only by learning the basics well can you take more advanced shots, and only then can you become a technical controller. Knowledge explanation of photography skills 2

1. Basic rules and examples

Note for beginners: The steps for taking pictures are: measuring distance, determining exposure, framing, and pressing the shutter.

1. Set the distance between the camera and the subject on the distance dial. This distance can be estimated, measured on foot or measured with a rangefinder (if the camera is equipped with a rangefinder). To obtain the ideal depth of field effect within a large depth of field range, the area focusing method should be used.

2. Set the exposure with the help of the weather symbols on the camera. If you use the light meter on the camera to measure, pay attention to check that the pointer in the viewfinder should not show a red warning signal. . The shutter speed should be set to 1/60 second or 1/125 second. If the camera has a certain exposure adjustment range, when shooting bright outdoor scenes, the shutter speed can be 1/125 seconds and the aperture is f8.

3. Check the viewing range of the photo taken through the viewfinder. The captured scenery should be within the illuminated frame in the viewfinder.

4. Hold the camera steadily and press the shutter to take a picture.

2. Automatic exposure

The internal light metering system of many cameras automatically determines the exposure. You just need to decide whether the light is within the test range of the camera's light meter. Most daylight conditions for outdoor photography are within the test range of the light meter. If there is insufficient light and a red or other warning signal appears in the camera viewfinder, a flash should be used.

In the viewfinder of some cameras, you can see a pointer or a set of LEDs next to the aperture or shutter speed scale to indicate the exposure selected by the automatic system. If it indicates shutter speed, it means the exposure speed is too long for hand-held photography. If the exposure time is longer than 1/60 second (i.e. 1/30 second or slower), you need to use a camera stand or be careful to hold the camera steadily. Some automatic cameras have a shutter speed dial, and a faster speed can be selected at this time (to ensure clear photos, 1/125 seconds can be selected). At this time, the camera can automatically select the appropriate aperture. Sometimes, a special warning signal (such as a yellow light) may appear to indicate that the exposure time is too long.

3. Exposure estimation

For a camera equipped with a semi-automatic light meter, the photographer decides whether to adjust the aperture or shutter speed. At this time, it is best to adjust the shutter speed to 1/125 seconds, and then adjust the aperture controller so that the light meter pointer of the camera (or the viewfinder) coincides with the indicator mark. At this time, the aperture has also been adjusted. This is the same as Just as easy as a fully automatic camera.

You can also set the aperture first, and then adjust the shutter to make the pointers coincide. However, in order to ensure clear photos, the best speed to use when holding a camera to take photos is 1/125 second. Therefore, it makes more sense to adjust the shutter first.

For cameras without a light meter, you must adjust the aperture and shutter separately. In the sun, use f8 as the aperture and 1/125 second as the shutter speed. You can get good results when shooting ordinary scenery.

Under sunlight, it is quite safe to use a medium aperture and medium shutter speed to shoot ordinary people or scenery. Automatic cameras can adjust exposure on their own. Therefore, even a beginner using the simplest camera with neither an adjustable aperture nor a variable shutter speed will be able to take great photos without any surprises. This simple camera has an aperture of f11 and a shutter speed of 1/30 second or 1/60 second. A prerequisite for using the above cameras is good weather.

4. Simple focusing method

In order to get photos with excellent depth of field and clarity, there is a simple focusing method: use a medium aperture, such as f8, and use a medium shutter speed in the sun photography. If the distance scale of the camera is set to 8 meters, a clear image can be obtained from about 4 meters to infinity. If the object distance is not less than 4 meters, the scenery 4 meters away will be very clear. Therefore, this focusing method from near to infinity makes the far and near objects in the photo almost have the same sharpness or resolution.

5. Depth of field

The effect of the above photos is mainly because the resolution of human vision is far inferior to that of the camera lens. Strictly speaking, only the object at the focus of the lens forms the clearest image, and the clarity of other near or far objects is slightly worse. But when people look at photos, even if they are enlarged, these distant and near objects are still quite clear, because people's vision cannot distinguish the difference between absolutely clear and relatively clear.

Any focal length has a sharpness range. Objects within this range are clear or clearer in the photo. This is the so-called depth of field range, which is very useful for photography. Because of it It provides latitude for focusing, which is why a camera with a certain focal length can take clear photos with a large depth of field. Focal length and depth of field

"Slightly poorer clarity" and "quite poor clarity" are obviously not very accurate terms, and two people have different abilities to distinguish clarity. Photographers and camera manufacturers generally agree on the sharpness standards to use for focus latitude and develop sharpness standard ranges based on this. If the photo does not need to be very clear, it can be taken 3 meters away from the object; if the requirements for clarity are stricter, it can be taken 5 meters away from the object.

In fact, in the above two cases, the photos are equally clear. What has changed is only people's clarity standards, not image resolution.

When using a camera that focuses on frosted glass (such as a single-lens reflex camera with automatic focus), depth of field is also very useful, because when shooting medium-distance high-station scenes, you can increase the clarity of the photo by focusing. . However, focusing from near to infinity is obviously most useful when using a simple camera with neither focusing glass nor distance scale.

The actual sharpness range from close to infinity focus also depends on the type of camera. The following are typical figures for various cameras when the aperture is f8: Using a compact camera with a lens focal length of 25 mm, when focusing at 4 meters, everything from two meters away from the camera will be clear.

Use a 35mm compact camera with a standard lens with a focal length of 35 to 50mm or a roll film camera with a lens focal length of 75 to 80mm (the screen is 6X6 cm), and when the distance is adjusted to 8 meters, 4 Everything within meters is clear.