Influence of Alps near Alps on European climate

The Alps is a huge east-west mountain range, located on the northern shore of the Mediterranean, belonging to a small part of the large mountains in south-central Europe. The Alps are the highest and largest mountains in Europe. Located in the south of Europe. It is curved and extends from east to west. It is about 1200 km long. The average altitude is about 3000 meters, and the highest peak is Mont Blanc, with an altitude of 48 10 meters. The mountains are majestic, and the climate of Alps has become the dividing line between the temperate continental climate of Central Europe and the tropical climate of Southern Europe and Asia. The climate in mountainous areas is warm in Leng Xia in winter. Roughly every 200m rise, the temperature drops by 65438 0℃, and the annual average temperature at 2000m above sea level is 0℃. The whole Alps is very humid. The annual precipitation is generally1200 ~ 2000 mm. The maximum precipitation area is about 3000 meters above sea level. The annual precipitation in marginal areas is quite different from that in mountainous areas. Above 3200 meters above sea level is an area with snow all year round. Foehn often appears in the Alps, causing rapid melting of ice and snow or avalanches, causing disasters. The Alps are the birthplace and watershed of many rivers in Europe. The Danube, Rhine, Po and Rhone all originate here. The upper reaches of rivers in mountainous areas are fast-flowing and rich in hydraulic resources, which is also conducive to power generation. 3) climate. The location of the Alps, as well as the great differences in elevation and orientation of the mountains, not only make the climate between these different small mountains, but also make the climate within a specific small mountain range very different. Because the Alps are located in central Europe, they are influenced by four major climatic factors; Mild and humid air flowing from the west to the Atlantic Ocean; There is cool or cold polar air moving down from northern Europe; The continental air mass controls the east, which is dry and cold in winter and hot in summer; There is warm Mediterranean air flowing north in the south. The disparity between temperature and annual precipitation is related to the physical geography of Alps. The bottom of the valley is particularly striking because it is warmer and drier than the surrounding highlands. Altitude 1, 524 meters (5,000 feet), almost all precipitation in winter is snow, with an average snow depth of 3? 6? 5 10/0m (10? 6? 533 feet) or 10 meters above sea level, and 20 12 meters (6,600 feet) above sea level. Snow lasts from mid-June to the end of May, and mountain roads are usually blocked by snow. In the mountainous areas along the Mediterranean Sea, the average temperature in the valley bottom is -5+10? 6? 54℃(23? 6? 539℉), even as high as 8℃(46℉), and the average temperature in July is 15? 6? 524℃(59? 6? 575℉)。 Inverse temperature rise is very common, especially in autumn and winter; This valley is often shrouded in dense fog and dreary air for days on end. At these times, places above 1 1,006 meters (3,300 feet) may be warmer and more sunny than low-lying valleys. Gale weather may have obvious effects on weather and local microclimate.

Can the foehn last 2? 6? In 53 days, depending on the cyclone's path, the wind direction can be north-south or north-south. This air mass burning wind is cooled when climbing to the top of the mountain, bringing rain or snowfall and slowing down its cooling speed. When this relatively dry air falls on the leeward side, the air heats up at a constant speed due to compression, so the temperature of the air at this time is higher than that at the same height when it begins to flow upward. In the disaster-stricken area, the snow soon disappeared.

Avalanches are a great natural force; 165438+during the period from the end of June to the beginning of June, avalanches are frequent dangers. Avalanches not only cause extensive damage, but also are important catalysts for erosion, because they bring a lot of rocks from the hillside to the bottom.