Walnut is a common nut. What are the reasons for the low yield of walnut orchard and what are the corresponding measures?

Walnut is a common nut. What are the reasons for the low yield of walnut orchard and what are the corresponding measures? Walnut is a cash crop with high economic benefits and one of the four major nuts. High nutritional value. It is also the category that many growers choose to plant at present, so what is the reason for the low yield of walnuts? What are the corresponding measures? Let's take a look together. ?

Analysis of low yield in 1. 1 walnut orchard. The trees are tall, nutritious and the light is getting worse. Old orchards are common in walnut orchards, and the varieties are all old varieties. Because the trees are tall, inconvenient to manage, time-consuming and laborious, the individuals and people in the orchard are closed, the tree structure is chaotic, the branches are crowded, and the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard and crown are poor, so the conclusion position moves outward, which seriously affects the trees.

2. Unreasonable pruning (1) Improper pruning period The pruning of walnut trees should be carried out according to their growth habits. The pruning period of walnut trees is different from other fruit trees, and the problems and effects of pruning in different periods are also different. If the pruning period is not appropriate, the tree will "bleed", suffer many injuries, and the nutrient outflow will be serious, which will easily lead to the decline of the tree and even the withering of its branches.

(2) Pruning technology is not in place. The lack of pruning technology of supporting facilities, especially the injury of traditional ideas, and the long-term existence of extensive management and even connivance of growth and development are another main reason for the low yield of walnut orchards. Fruit farmers generally believe that walnut trees can draw conclusions without pruning, which connives at their free growth, resulting in a series of chaotic phases: many straight branches grow and develop, the lower edge is exposed, the conclusion position moves outward, the outfield and upper end are closed, the inner chamber is sunken, the light is insufficient, the natural ventilation and light transmission conditions deteriorate year by year, the trees are weak and vigorous, and the yield of walnut orchards cannot be improved.

An effective tree structure should be clearly attached, and the order of technical backbone branches in the trunk conforms to the tree structure. The cultivation level of walnut orchard in production and manufacturing is not high, the pruning technology is not in place, the branches grow and develop in disorder, the master-slave relationship is unknown, and it is impossible to distinguish which is the technical backbone branch and which is the auxiliary branch, resulting in chaotic tree structure, serious diseases, lack of fertilizer and water, which seriously affects the normal growth and development of walnut trees and the improvement of yield.

When planting, the green seedlings were different in size and height, which failed to carry out effective shaping and pruning. In particular, the accident caused some walnut trees to decline into small trees, and all the trees in the garden were very different. If there is no proper difference, the difference of tree potential will become bigger and bigger, which will not only affect the implementation of cultivation management measures, but also limit the improvement of total productivity of walnut orchard.

3. Poor soil fertilizer and water conditions The poor soil fertilizer and water conditions in orchards are the main reasons for the low yield of walnut orchards. The content of soil organic matter in orchards in Yaodu District is mostly 0.5% ~ 1.0%, which is low in soil organic matter content, low in fertilizer efficiency and poor in water storage, soil consolidation and fertilizer supply. First, since 10, only a few orchards have implemented grass planting technology.

Secondly, fertilization in orchards is unreasonable or inappropriate. In terms of values, fruit farmers generally believe that walnut kernel is extensively managed, and there is no need to apply chemical fertilizer or a large amount of chemical fertilizer, and the amount of organic fertilizer is small. Only chemical fertilizer is used to improve the efficiency, and soil testing and formula fertilization technology is not used to fertilize the soil in walnut orchard on demand, which gradually leads to poor soil and caking in orchard.

The vast majority of walnut kernels in Yaodu District are planted on barren sloping land and barren soil without irrigation conditions, and the irrigation problem is solved by rainwater. However, the annual precipitation is mostly concentrated in July and August, and the precipitation is uneven, which seriously affects the normal growth and development of fruits.

4. Walnut orchard has poor infrastructure and weak ability to resist natural disasters. Some orchards don't even have irrigation, infiltration irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other equipment. Because of the lack of water resources, there is no condition to deal with irrigation problems. Fertilization has nothing to do with pruning, which hinders the development of walnut kernel industry. In recent years, disastrous weather has become more and more frequent, and the years caused by extreme weather such as low temperature freezing, drought, hail and strong wind are more than 10%.

Especially, the low temperature freezing injury of 20 17 caused the overall limited production of walnut kernels in our area to be more than 30%, and some small areas were all frozen to death during the discoloration period; The long-term drought last winter and this spring led to the dead branches of some walnut orchards, which seriously affected the normal growth and development of trees. In response to this natural disaster, fruit farmers are simply unable to resist, which is one of the reasons for the low yield of walnut orchards.

Second, the response measures 1. The walnut trees with poor quality and poor conclusion in production were optimized by grafting. Before and after germination, grafting is carried out by split grafting or skin grafting, and bud grafting is mainly based on local high-quality walnut varieties. Using high grafting technology to transform low-yield grafted seedlings and inferior varieties into early-fruiting, high-quality and high-yield walnut orchards, not only improved the quality of dried fruits, but also increased the yield and achieved the purpose of improving management.

2. Vigorously promote the close-planting dwarf wide-row cultivation mode, actively reform and innovate the traditional skillful flower cultivation mode, and vigorously promote the wide-row close-planting cultivation mode. Wide row and close planting cultivation mode has the advantages of short trees, convenient management, good air circulation and light transmission, simple technology and favorable mechanical automation.

The specific situation of each orchard is different every year. For walnut trees with large crown width and years of indulgence, the tree structure should be adjusted by moderate thinning or pruning, and techniques such as lowering head, thinning branches and promoting growth should be selected to improve lighting conditions, shape effective fruit branches and improve efficiency and management level.

4. Increase investment in orchards, strengthen tree growth (1), develop water-saving irrigation, and realize the integration of water and fertilizer, including irrigation, drip irrigation and irrigation. Water-saving irrigation not only solves the problems of soil erosion, chemical fertilizer outflow and soil degradation caused by traditional flood irrigation, but also improves the utilization rate of water and solves the situation that tap water is difficult in water-deficient areas. Water-saving irrigation is convenient for management, realizing the integration of water and fertilizer, saving fertilizer and water, saving time and labor, and improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and water, which is the development trend to realize the modernization of walnut orchard management.

(2) Increasing the application of organic fertilizer to improve the quality of orchard soil is the basis of orchard production. Adding organic fertilizer to orchard is the main measure to improve soil fertility, farmland and soil quality. The application of organic fertilizer can not only increase the content of soil organic matter, but also further improve the physical and chemical properties of orchard soil, improve fruit quality and increase commodity rate. It is best to apply more organic fertilizers in autumn, and choose fermented pig manure, cow dung, bean cake fertilizer, green manure crops and their pollution-free organic fertilizers and product organic fertilizers to increase soil nutrients in orchards and improve soil texture.

(3) Scientifically apply chemical fertilizers around the standard of "precise fertilization", and apply soil testing and formula fertilization technology to walnut orchards, scientifically and rationally apply fertilizers and formula fertilization, so as to truly achieve the purpose of reducing the drug without reducing the effect, improving the quality and increasing the efficiency, and improving the fertilization level and utilization rate.

(4) Accelerating the implementation of grass and straw mulching in orchards; Planting grass and straw mulching in orchard are the most economical and reasonable methods to improve the organic matter content in orchard soil and fertilize cultivated land. The ground cover of walnut orchard can stabilize the soil temperature, which is beneficial to the growth and development of rhizomes and prevent soil erosion. According to the topographical conditions, the orchard can be planted with lawn seeds such as rape, white clover, vetch and alfalfa. When the grass grows to more than 30cm, mowing continuously at the distance of 10cm from the road surface and covering the mowed grass in the tree tray can increase soil fertility and improve soil organic matter.

(5) The serious diseases in walnut orchards caused by pests and diseases are the main reasons for the low yield and poor quality of walnut kernels. Therefore, we should adhere to the basic principle of "nip in the bud, comprehensive control" and the strategic policy of "early treatment, small treatment and accurate spraying" to control the number of pests to a minimum. Through the prevention of agriculture and animal husbandry, pest control and physical control in advance, we can minimize the use of drugs, reduce the environmental pollution caused by pesticide residues to fruits and the natural environment, improve the quality of fruits and improve the ecological environment.

(6) Strengthen management, pay close attention to the weather forecast, prepare for disaster prevention and reduction in advance before the arrival of disaster weather, improve the ability of walnut orchard to resist natural disasters, minimize the harm of extreme weather to the orchard and reduce the loss of walnut orchard.

5. Eliminate walnut orchards with the following varieties that do not meet the market demand, low market price and annual losses; Walnut orchards with weak operation ability (lack of labor and technology) should be eliminated or subcontracted to people with operation and management ability immediately; Three-low walnut orchard with low yield, low quality and low benefit.

Three. Conclusion The main task of walnut orchard management is to strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, strengthen the tree vigor, increase the yield, improve the quality and improve the land utilization rate. By vigorously carrying out technical extension training, we can improve the management level of fruit farmers on walnut orchards, speed up the transformation of inferior and low-yield walnut orchards, promote the docking between farmers and markets, improve the yield and quality of orchards, increase the income of fruit farmers, and enhance their determination and confidence in planting walnut trees.