The story of Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong The story of Guan Zhong

In the history of the Spring and Autumn Period of our country, there is a famous figure named Guan Zhong. He was the prime minister of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of our country. It was precisely because of his assistance to Duke Huan of Qi that he became the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, and Qi State became the leader of all the countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. The most powerful country in China, but many people don’t know much about Guan Zhong, so who is Guan Zhong?

Guan Zhong was a native of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period of our country. At first, he was just an ordinary businessman. Guan Zhong grew up in a poor family, and his father died young, so he went into business mainly to earn living expenses to support his mother in old age, but his ambition was not in business. He only wanted to assist the wise king, help the country become strong, and help the people escape from suffering. Do something big.

Who is Guan Zhong? He is a famous politician and military strategist in the history of our country. Guan Zhong was originally a businessman, but later gave up business and became an official to assist Gongzi Jiu in his struggle for power. After Gongzi Jiu failed. He became the prime minister of Qi State on the recommendation of Bao Shuya. Later, Qi State under his governance became the first of the five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Guan Zhong is also a famous thinker in the history of our country. Guan Zhong was the main representative of hundreds of schools of Legalism in the Spring and Autumn Period. He wrote the book "Guanzi". Guan Zhong was one of the most important figures in Legalism during the Spring and Autumn Period. He spread Legalist ideas to Duke Huan of Qi, confirming the status of Legalism in the Spring and Autumn Period.

He was a famous prime minister in the Spring and Autumn Period of our country. The policy of governing the country he proposed for Duke Huan of Qi was widely circulated. He and Zhuge Liang were called by historians the two most outstanding prime ministers in Chinese history.

Now you know about Guan Zhong. He was an outstanding politician, military strategist, and thinker. He was also a good prime minister who governed the country.

The Story of Guan Zhong

Guan Zhong, also known as Yiwu, was a figure in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Guan Zhong was a man with great talents, but because of his poor family, except for his good friend Bao Shuya, who appreciated him and constantly helped him, no one else recognized him, and there was no way to develop his talents.

During the reign of King Qi Xiang, King Qi Xiang was very cruel. King Qi Xiang's two sons, Prince Xiaobai and Prince Jiu, fled one after another to save their lives. Bao Shuya was the counselor of Prince Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong was the counselor of Prince Jiu. During their escape, Prince Jiu and Guan Zhong took refuge in the State of Lu and were respected by the State of Lu. However, soon after King Xiang of Qi was killed by Gongsun Wuwu, the young master Xiaobai returned to Qi early, inherited the throne, and hunted down the young master Jiu who had been competing with him for the throne.

After hearing the news, the State of Lu sent troops to kill Gongzi Jiu and his bodyguard Zhaohu, and imprisoned Guan Zhong. After Bao Shuya learned that Guan Zhong had not been killed but was imprisoned, he quickly recommended Guan Zhong to Duke Huan of Qi, saying that if Duke Huan of Qi wanted to achieve hegemony, he must make Guan Zhong his prime minister. Duke Huan of Qi listened to Bao Shuya's advice and informed the state of Lu to send Guan Zhong back to the state of Qi.

A few days before Guan Zhong returned to Qi, Duke Huan of Qi fasted and bathed for three days, and personally went to the city gate to greet him. He sat in a carriage with Guan Zhong and asked him how to govern the country. After Guan Zhong arrived in the State of Qi, Guan Zhong was named the prime minister of Duke Huan of Qi. He provided strategies for governing the country, made great contributions to the stability and prosperity of the people of the State of Qi, and ensured the peace and prosperity of the State of Qi. He also made suggestions for Duke Huan of Qi's hegemony and made other vassal states surrender to Qi, making Duke Huan of Qi one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period and his name will last forever.

Guan Zhong and Xi Peng followed Duke Huan

Guan Zhong and Xi Peng were both subordinates of Duke Huan of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Guan Zhong and Xi Peng accompanied Duke Huan of Qi on his expedition to the Guzhu Kingdom. At that time, because it was spring for the expedition and winter for return, no one knew the way to Qi. Duke Huan of Qi was very anxious. There was not enough food and grass, and the weather was very cold, so everyone fell into panic.

At this time, Guan Zhong stood up. Guan Zhong asked the soldiers and generals to bring out the old horses and let them go in front to lead the way for the army. Sure enough, under the guidance of Lao Ma, the army found the way to join the Qi State and returned to the Qi State safely and safely, ensuring the safety of the army and Duke Huan of Qi. All the soldiers admired Guan Zhong's profound knowledge.

During this period, the army of Qi State ran out of water on its way back to Qi State. Many soldiers could no longer drink water. The army sent many soldiers out to look for water sources. Not found either. After Xi Peng learned about the situation, he told the soldiers that ants live in the south of the mountain in winter and in the north of the mountain in summer. As long as you find the ant nest and dig along the ant nest, you will soon find a water source. . Following the guidance of Shiting Lin Xipeng, he found the ant nest, and then dug down with the ant nest, and sure enough he found water.

From these two things, we can quickly see that Guan Zhong and Xi Peng, two such smart people, all know how to learn from old horses and ants. We don’t have Guan Zhong and Xi Peng who are smart people behind us. What's the reason for not studying? In life, there are many people who have little knowledge and are unwilling to ask others for advice. Isn’t that completely wrong?

Guan Zhong broke the rules for lavish burials

In the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, lavish burials were very popular in Qi State. Duke Huan of Qi was very worried that the situation would get worse, so he told Guan Zhong: If the lavish burial ceremony continues like this If this continues, all the clothes and silks in Qi will be used to make mourning clothes, and all the trees in Qi will be used to make coffins. How should we solve this problem?

Guan Zhong said to Qi Huan Gong: The reason why they chose to be buried in a rich burial was not for fame, but for profit. From these two perspectives, this problem should be solved well.

So Duke Huan of Qi issued an order, saying that from now on, if anyone still performs a grand burial ceremony, someone will be sent to insult the body of the deceased, and those who perform the funeral ceremony will be arrested and punished. After the order was issued, the people and high-ranking officials and nobles in Qi State did not dare to carry out the grand burial ceremony. Because if the family in charge of the funeral implements a grand burial ceremony, the deceased will not only lose fame, but also lose his reputation. Those who handle funerals will not only receive no benefits, but will also be arrested and punished. Therefore, for a while, the lavish burial ceremony was curbed, and the clothes, silk and wood of Qi State could be better utilized.

Guan Zhong had a very thorough understanding of the custom of lavish burials in Qi. Starting from the fundamental reasons why people wanted lavish burials, he told Duke Huan of Qi that as long as he grasped these fundamental reasons, he could effectively solve the lavish burial ceremony. , so that the materials of Qi State are not wasted, and the role of these materials can be fully utilized to benefit the people of Qi State and enhance the comprehensive national strength of Qi State.

After reading Guan Zhong’s article about breaking the thick burial, we should also learn to grasp the root cause of things like Guan Zhong. Only by starting from the root cause can we solve the problem well. Otherwise, we will get twice the result with half the effort and waste financial and material resources in vain.

Guan Zhong did not appreciate personal favors

The two sons of Qi, Xiaobai and Gongzi Jiu, competed for the throne, and they were incompatible with each other. After the death of King Xiang of Qi, the young master Xiaobai returned to the state of Qi first and sat on the throne, which was later known as Duke Huan of Qi. Duke Huan of Qi ordered Prince Jiu to be hunted down and killed. At that time, Gongzi Jiu was in the state of Lu. The king of Lu, forced by the strength of Qi, killed Gongzi Jiu and Gongzi Jiu's attendant Zhao Hu, and imprisoned Gongzi Jiu's adviser Guan Zhong.

Bao Shuya, the counselor of Duke Huan of Qi, had been friends with Guan Zhong for many years, and Bao Shuya knew Guan Zhong very well and knew that Guan Zhong had great talents, so he recommended Guan Zhong to Duke Huan of Qi. It is said that if Duke Huan of Qi wants to achieve hegemony, he must make Guan Zhong his prime minister, otherwise it will be difficult to unify the princes.

Duke Huan of Qi informed the State of Lu that he should escort Guan Zhong back to the State of Qi. On his way back to Qi, Guan Zhong was very hungry and thirsty, but had no food, so he asked an official guarding the city for food, and this official was also very respectful to Guan Zhong. Afterwards, this official quietly said to Guan Zhong: If you return to Qi and are lucky enough not to be executed by Duke Huan of Qi, how will you repay me? Guan Zhong said bluntly: If I return to Qi without being executed, I will definitely know how to make good use of people and let talented people become high officials. Apart from these, how do you want me to repay you?

The officials heard what Guan Zhong said and knew that Guan Zhong would not use public affairs for personal gain or give officials or titles just because he gave him food. So this official always hated Guan Zhong. This incident shows that Guan Zhong is a person who distinguishes between public and private affairs, and will not abolish public affairs for private purposes and affect the stability of the country. This also shows that Bao Shuya has never been wrong about Guan Zhong. Later, Guan Zhong also made great contributions to Qi State. Even today, people in Qilu are still enjoying everything Guan Zhong gained through his talents.

Guan Zhong Sanxun Sanmu met Qi Huan

The story of Guan Zhong’s Xiangqi is widely circulated. Guan Zhong was the most outstanding prime minister in the Spring and Autumn Period, because with the help of Guan Zhong, the state of Qi gradually became rich and powerful. And became the overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Duke Huan of Qi appointed Guan Zhong to implement political reforms. After the reform, the situation in Qi State took on a completely new look. We all know that Guan Zhongxiangqi displayed his talents in Qi State, but few people know the process of Guan Zhong, Sanxun and Sanmu meeting Duke Huan of Qi.

After the death of King Xiang of Qi, Guan Zhong originally helped Prince Jiu to fight for the throne. Unfortunately, in the end, Xiaobai, who was later known as Duke Huan of Qi, won. After Duke Huan of Qi ascended the throne, he decided to re-employ him regardless of past grudges on the recommendation of Bao Shuya. Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong was very grateful to Duke Huan of Qi.

At that time, Guan Zhong fled to the State of Lu because he had helped Prince Jiu to oppose Duke Huan of Qi. The envoys of the King of Qi went to the State of Lu and brought Guan Zhong back to the State of Qi in the name of questioning his crime. However, after entering the country, the people of Qi State To express respect for Guan Zhong, people in Qi State valued bathing three times, and three fumes and three baths were the highest courtesy in bathing. Guan Zhong was deeply moved by Duke Huan of Qi's courtesy and respect for Guan Zhong. From then on, as the prime minister of Qi, he devoted himself to assisting Duke Huan of Qi and helping Duke Huan of Qi to govern the country, which ultimately made Qi the most powerful country in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The story of Guan Zhong, Sanxun and Sanmu meeting Qi Huan has been recorded in the annals of history and is widely circulated. Qi Huan Gong appointed talented people regardless of past suspicions, and the story of courtesy to virtuous corporals has also become an example for future generations of monarchs.

The story of Guan Zhong's three smokes and three baths not only shows that Duke Huan of Qi is a wise king, but also shows the readers that Qi State attached great importance to bathing etiquette during the Spring and Autumn Period. Facts have proved that only a monarch who understands etiquette and a country that understands etiquette can gradually change. Be strong.

Guan Zhong met a feudal lord

Guan Zhong was a famous statesman and military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period of our country. After he became the prime minister of Qi State, he implemented a series of reforms, which made Qi State rapidly prosperous and powerful. , became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Guan Zhong Encounters a Feng Ren tells an interesting story about Guan Zhong before he became the prime minister of Qi.

At that time, Qi was in civil strife, and the two young masters abroad, Xiaobai and Jiu, tried to find time to meet and ascend the throne. At that time, in order to buy time for Prince Jiu, Guan Zhong led a military chariot to intercept and kill Prince Xiaobai. Prince Xiaobai pretended to be dead and escaped the disaster, but later ascended the throne. After taking power, the young master Xiaobai ordered the monarch of Lu to hand over Guan Zhong.

The leader of the Lu State was forced to hand over Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong was tied up and put in a prison car. He was hungry and thirsty on the way back from the Lu State to the Qi State, so he went to the border guard somewhere in Qiwu. Personnel begging for food. Qiwu's border guards respected him so much that they knelt down to feed him.

But what people didn’t expect was that the border guard official told Guan Zhong privately that you were lucky enough to come back. You will not be executed, and you may be appointed prime minister. Then if you I became the prime minister of Qi, what will you give me in return?

Guan Zhong was very grateful to this man at first, but when he heard what he said, he became very angry, so he said: If I can really become the prime minister, then I will appoint capable people. Use talented people and make notarized assessments of meritorious people. These are what I will use to repay you. After hearing this, the man resented him very much.

Originally, Guan Zhong was very grateful to this man for asking for food, but after he said this, Guan Zhong became disgusted with his motives, so he no longer wanted to repay him, which also served as a warning to future generations. effect.

Guan Zhong is not a benevolent person and the relationship

The article "Guan Zhong is not a benevolent person and the relationship" mainly records some of the evaluation and discussion of Guan Zhong by Confucius and his disciples. At the beginning of the article, Zigong asked Confucius whether Guan Zhong could be regarded as a benevolent person. Zigong was very confused. After the death of Duke Xiang of Qi, Guan Zhong originally devoted himself to helping Gongzi Jiu win the throne, but Gongzi Jiu eventually lost to Xiaobai. Xiaobai finally became Duke Huan of Qi and killed Prince Jiu, but Guan Zhong not only did not die for Prince Jiu, but became Prime Minister of Duke Huan of Qi.

Regarding Zigong’s confusion, Confucius explained: “If Guan Zhong had not used his talents to help Qi become strong, then the people of Qi would not have such a good life, even you and me. He would also die in the ravines of the mountains wearing clothes with his chest open, instead of like now."

This article also records the discussion between Gongsun Chou and Zeng Xi. During the discussion, Gongsun Chou. Ask Zeng Xi, if Zeng Xi served in Qi State, would it be possible to compare with Guan Zhong? Who is more worthy, Zeng Xi or Guan Zhong? Zeng Xi was very angry when he heard what Gongsun Chou said. He told Gongsun Chou: "Guan Zhong has gained the trust of the monarch and exercised the power of the country, but his contribution to the country was too little and too humble, so I Disdain to compare with Guan Zhong. ”

The two discussions recorded in this article, Confucius and Zigong affirmed the great achievements Guan Zhong made for Qi and brought great benefits to the people through Guan Zhong. A happy life confirmed Guan Zhong's talents. However, the discussion between Gongsun Chou and Zeng Xi had opposite attitudes towards Guan Zhong's achievements. Zeng Xi believed that what Guan Zhong had done for the country was nothing at all. From this article, it can be seen that different people have different judgments on Guan Zhong's life achievements.

Guan Zhong's weapon is small

Guan Zhong was a famous military strategist, politician and thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period of my country. Confucius once said: "Guan Zhong's weapons are small." This sentence means that Guan Zhong's weapons are small. So why did Confucius say this about Guan Zhong?

As a famous prime minister in the Spring and Autumn Period of our country, Guan Zhong helped Duke Huan of Qi become the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, and also helped Qi become the most powerful country in the Spring and Autumn Period. For the state of Qi, Guan Zhong's advice made their country rich and powerful. If this is the case, then why did Confucius, the most famous among the hundreds of scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period, feel that "Guan Zhong's weapons are small"?

"The Analects of Confucius" records that Confucius said: "Guan Zhong's utensils are small!" Or: "Is Guan Zhong frugal?" He said: "The Guan family has three returns. If you don't take care of official affairs, how can you be frugal?" But does Guan Zhong know about etiquette? " He said: "The ruler of the state is a tree blocking the door, and the Guan family is also a person who blocks the door. The state monarch is the best of the two monarchs, and the Guan family is also opposed to it. The Guan family knows the etiquette, but who doesn't know the etiquette? "This passage is fully translated as: Confucius said: "Guan Zhong is really a small man." Asked: "Does Guan Zhong know frugality?" Confucius replied: "Guan Zhong has three wives, how can he know frugality? Asked: "Does Guan Zhong understand etiquette?" Confucius replied: "The emperor's door jamb is also in front of his house, and the wine glasses used by the monarch to entertain foreign envoys are also in his house. In this way, if Guan Zhong knows etiquette, there will be no one in the world who does not know etiquette." . "This passage in "The Analects" expresses Confucius' belief that Guan Zhong's weapons are small.

Regardless of whether Confucius is correct in saying "Guan Zhong's weapon is small", Guan Zhong's talent and learning ability are praised by future generations. It is also true that with his help, Qi State became the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period. "The Analects" The judgment that "Guan Zhong's weapon is small" cannot completely deny Guan Zhong.

Guan Zhongyi is my person

The sentence "Guan Zhongyi is my person" comes from "The Biography of Guan Yan", which is selected from the famous historian Sima Qian's masterpiece "Historical Records" and "The Biography of Guan Yan" "" records the joint biography of Guan Zhong and Yan Zi, two famous politicians and military strategists of the Qi State in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Guan Zhong, whose courtesy name was Yiwu, was a man from Yingshang in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. When Guan Zhong was young, he often dated Bao Shuya. The two had a very deep relationship, and Bao Shuya believed that Guan Zhong had great talents. It is precisely because of this that Bao Shuya paid great attention to Guan Zhong's life, and did his best to help Guan Zhong in his political career.

Guan Zhong's family used to be very poor, but Bao Shuya was very kind to Guan Zhong. He often let Guan Zhong take advantage of him and never complained. But in politics, the people they assisted were different. Bao Shuya worshiped the young master Xiaobai, while Guan Zhong worshiped the young master Jiu. Soon after, Prince Xiaobai ascended the throne, later becoming Duke Huan of Qi. In order to solve future troubles and prevent Young Master Jiu from rebelling and fighting for his throne, Duke Huan of Qi ordered Duke Lu to kill Young Master Jiu. Guan Zhong, as Gongzi Jiu's counselor, was naturally arrested.

Bao Shuya knew that Guan Zhong had been arrested, so he quickly recommended Guan Zhong to Duke Huan of Qi, hoping that Duke Huan of Qi would take Guan Zhong under his command and help Duke Huan of Qi in planning world affairs.

In the end, Guan Zhong agreed to help Duke Huan of Qi to govern and help Duke Huan of Qi to dominate. Guan Zhong's contribution was indispensable. After that, Duke Huan of Qi and Zhao Kaili held many vassal meetings, which made other weak vassal states fear Qi's strength, allowing Qi to achieve the effect of defeating others without fighting. This was also Guan Zhongxian's strategy.

The Story of Guan Zhong

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