Geographical location of Jianyang Lake

Taizhou is surrounded by mountains, facing the sea, and the terrain is inclined from west to east. The territory has various landforms, including mountains, hills, basins, plains, bays and islands. The mountains in the northwest are continuous, with thousands of meters of peaks and hills accounting for 2/3 of the land area. The southeast hills are slow, the plains and beaches are wide, the rivers are vertical and horizontal, the coastal coast is tortuous, there are many harbors, and the islands are dotted.

The landform structure of huangyan district can be summarized as "seven mountains, one water and two fields". The east belongs to the Huangwen Plain, which is a land of plenty. The western part is hilly and mountainous, and the main mountains are Kuocangshan branch and Beiyandang residual vein. After the Himalayan movement, the huangyan district rose to the west and fell to the east. The western mountainous area is characterized by young mountainous areas, and the eastern part is a declining area. There are 100 meters of loose Quaternary sediments (about two or three million years ago), forming a marine plain, accounting for about one-third of the whole area, which is an important agricultural area. Qiaoyuan Town is an old marine area with a history of five or six thousand years. Before it enters the land, it passes through lakes and swamps. 1 m section has sapropelic layer, swamp iron ore layer and mud layer, which is called paleoshallow body.

Jianyang Lake is located in the southeast of Qiao Yuan Town, in the plain area of water network, which is a part of Huangwen Plain, and is mainly composed of wetland, water network and agricultural land. The lake area is surrounded by mountains, with Lion Mountain, Jilong Mountain, Mashan Mountain and Xilinling Mountain in the north and Emperor Mountain in Wenling in the south. The coverage rate of surrounding forests is close to over 60%, and the ecological environment is good. There are many rivers in Taizhou, including Jiaojiang River System and Jinqing River System. Jianyang Lake belongs to the Jinqing River system, with a total area of 1.25 square kilometers. It is the largest inner lake in huangyan district and the largest inland wetland in Taizhou. The main rivers connected with the lake are southeast Zhongjing, southwest Zhongjing and Shanshui Trail. Nanzhong Well is 15~22 meters wide and 12 kilometers long, which is the main drainage channel in southern huangyan district. The landscape diameter is 21~ 30m wide and 3.65km long, which is the main river channel for discharging the flood from Taihu Mountain into Jinqing Port. Among them, the section from Jianyang Bridge to Luqiao is large and small, with poor flood discharge, low terrain on both sides and frequent floods.

The distribution of groundwater in Taizhou city can be divided into four categories according to the reserves of groundwater resources: rich water area, relatively rich water area, poor water area and extremely poor water area, among which Jianyang Lake is poor water area. Located in the subtropical monsoon climate, it is warm and humid, with abundant rainfall and four distinct seasons. Average temperature 17℃,165438+6℃ in October, 27.8℃ in July, final frost period in March 14,1early frost period in October 165438+29, with an average frost-free period of 25. In winter, affected by northwest airflow, it is sunny and cold. When going south, the cold air often drops sharply, and northwest wind often appears. In spring, cold and warm air masses collide frequently, sometimes cold and sometimes hot. In early summer, because the cold air in the north meets the warm and humid air in the south, the strength is equal, forming rainy weather. After entering the midsummer in July, under the control of subtropical high, except for local thunderstorms, the weather is sunny, the temperature is high and the sunshine is sufficient. The temperature drops rapidly in autumn, and the air is cool the next day after the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as "Xiaoyangchun".

Plant resources Jianyang Lake is rich in plant resources. According to the biodiversity survey report, there are 538 species (including subspecies) belonging to 389 genera of vascular plants 139 families, including 33 species belonging to 22 genera of pteridophytes 17 families and 505 species belonging to 367 genera of seed plants 122 families (gymnosperms 9 families 17 genera and 265438 species) Families with more than 10 species include Gramineae (56 species), Compositae (4 1 species), Leguminosae (29 species), Rosaceae (23 species), Liliaceae (14 species), Cyperaceae (13 species) and Cyperaceae. At the same time, there are 4 species of national second-class protected plants in Jianyang Lake, mainly Fagopyrum cymosum; Camphor tree; Wild soybean; Pear and red bean. There are 1 species of plants listed in the red list of species in China, that is, xiangguoshu.

The vegetation types of Jianyang Lake can be divided into five types: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub, aquatic vegetation and cultivated vegetation. Nine vegetation types: warm coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest, low mountain shrub, emergent vegetation, floating aquatic vegetation, orchard, nursery and crop field; And 28 associations.

Animal resources Jianyang Lake has a good ecological environment and a wide variety of animal and plant resources. Reed and bamboo willows are everywhere, and wild herons and Bai Ou are flying in the smoke, which is called "Shajiabang of Huangyan". According to the biodiversity survey, there are 1 14 species of known animals in Jianyang Lake area, including birds, mammals and reptiles. Among them, there are 42 species of birds, accounting for 10. 12% of the total number of birds in southeast Zhejiang, including 1 species under national first-class protection, 2 species under national second-class protection and 10 species under provincial key protection. Mammals 1 1 species, 2 species under national second-class protection, and 1 species under provincial key protection; 7 species of reptiles and amphibians, 2 species under national second-class protection 1 species and 2 species under provincial key protection; Fish and mollusks * * *16; 4 species of crustaceans; There are 34 kinds of insects.

Jianyang Lake is a lagoon evolved from an ancient bay about 2,000 years ago, with a certain historical and cultural background. In the Qing Dynasty, the Records of Huangyan County in Guangxu quoted Landscape: "Jianyang Lake at the foot of Jilong Mountain in 39 capitals has been widened by 2,000 mu, one mile vertically and five miles horizontally, which is a huge immersion in the southeast. There are sandbar reeds in it. ? ? When tuna dances. There are many whitebait in the water, long and long, such as lobules, silver in color, and the most delicious. Hit the middle stream, like a Chinese flavor. "

In the 31st year of Guangxu reign (1905), Yang Chen, the county governor, together with You Tao and Nan Shunpu, developed industry, built dikes around the lake, planted mulberry and sericulture, and built western-style villas in the lake. In Tao Yuanming's Farewell to Hometown, it means "sending lofty sentiments outside the south window". Famous flowers and trees were planted around "Jiao Xuan", and an exquisite pavilion in the middle of the lake was formed on the south side. "The lake outside the door is ten miles green and the mountains are four weeks clear" once described "sending a proud porch". Jinshi Yang Chen lived here in seclusion in his later years, writing books and saying, and fishing by the lake. On the third day of March every year, Yang Chen, Juren Nanshunpu and other "nine old clubs" compose poems here. Literati often travel to recite poems, and there is a saying that "the bridge spans the group and the mountain breaks the sunset".

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the wind of filling lakes became more prosperous. Jianyang Lake has been used as a reform-through-labour farm and a fish farm. Continuous dike excavation makes the upper and lower lakes and ports gradually connected, the lake surface gradually narrows, and the southern part basically disappears. Today, the lake is about 2,500 meters long from east to west, and has evolved into a tributary of a river with a width of several meters to tens of meters, with a water surface area of only about 0.7 square kilometers (about 1000 mu). Jianyang Lake has a history of more than 2,000 years, forming an influential material and cultural heritage. At present, the existing resources in the planning area mainly include historical sites and local landscapes.

Historical sites mainly include ancient bridges, temples and ancient sites, among which Jianyang Bridge is the most valuable. Jianyang Bridge consists of two stone bridges, Zhensuo Bridge and Shuyang Bridge. Zhensuo Bridge, located in Fox Xia, is divided into north and south bridges, with a length of135m and a width of 2.5m.. Three holes in the south block and 1 hole in the north block. The two bridges and the north-south approach bridge are slightly curved and unique in shape. It was cleared for 56 years (1796543). Jingyang Bridge, located in Shang Hu, is 60 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and has 3 holes. Both bridges are transportation hubs in the northern part of Jianyang Lake, and Zhensuo Bridge is the only way of Huangwen Ancient Post Road, which forms a flying bridge landscape with lakes and mountains with the steep Jilong Mountain. In addition, yangfu Temple, Banshan Temple and Shanchengzhai Site in Jilong Mountain, as well as the lost Jiao Xuan and Hu Xinting, all have certain regional influences.

The local landscape mainly includes breeding ponds, polder fields, orchards, houses, and rivers and lakes wetlands that show the natural scenery of Jianyang Lake. Some unique wetland landscapes have even been endowed with legends and implications by local people, such as the future mother's grave, the back of buffalo, the enclosure of ten acres, the enclosure of pearls and so on. The long history and profound culture of Jianyang Lake are not only reflected in the material cultural heritage, but also in the rich intangible cultural heritage, mainly including historical legends, poetry and literature, folk art, folk customs and so on.

Historical legends almost cover one mountain, one water, one bridge and one tree in Jianyang Lake. Among them, the legends of Jianyang Lake, Jilong Mountain and Jianyang Bridge are mostly diverse and beautiful, which reflects the diversity of Jianyang Lake culture.

As far as poetry and literature are concerned, Yang Chen was the most famous in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. (1845- 1922), whose real name is Baoding, whose real name is Dingfu, whose real name is Rong Chu, whose real name is Yue Yin. The "Nine Old Clubs", a literati group formed by Yang Chen and Nan Shunpu, gathers here every year on March 3 and September 9 of the lunar calendar to create poems, exchange works and collect them into books. There are 365 poems collected by * *. Only a part of poems spread to the people and survived.

In addition, agricultural farming methods represented by polder fields, folk dances represented by lion dances, folk handicrafts represented by clay sculptures, folk temple fairs represented by Yang Ye's birthday, and regular gatherings and opera performances held by villages are all important manifestations of the intangible culture with local characteristics in Jianyang Lake area, and they are "living" cultural heritage. Jilong Mountain and Jianyang Lake

Jilong Mountain is located on the north bank of Jianhu Lake, 20 kilometers away from the urban area, with an altitude of 164 meters and a towering top. It is said that a phoenix (golden pheasant) flew into a cave on the mountain in ancient times and never came back, so it was named Jilong Mountain.

There is a flat land on the southeast mountain of Jilong Mountain, named "Sigupingtou". The ground is open and the slope is steep. Ma Fang once set up a village here in the Song Dynasty. In ancient times, there were stone archways, ancient cities, terraces and halls of the rebels.

There is a Yangfu Temple at the top of Jilong Mountain and on the mountainside, which is dedicated to Yang Ye and his son. On May 18, when Lao Yang celebrated your father's birthday, pilgrims from both land and water came in an endless stream.

There is Baolun Temple in the north of the mountain, which was built during the Chiwu period of Wu Sunquan in the Three Kingdoms. In front of the temple, there is a color of Shi Bi. If it is wet and bright, it will rain. It is what the ancients said, "The foundation is moist and silent."

In the 31st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1905), Yang Chen, the county magistrate, developed industry with You Tao and Nan Shunpu, where he presided over the construction of dikes around the lake, planted mulberry and sericulture, and built western-style villas in the lake. In Tao Yuanming's farewell speech, "leaning against the south window" means naming the lakeside villa "Aoxuan". Famous flowers and trees are planted around, and an exquisite pavilion in the middle of the lake is built on the south side. "The lake outside the door is ten miles away, surrounded by mountains." In his later years, Yang Chen lived in seclusion here, writing books and fishing by the lake. On the third day of March every year, Yang Chen, a scholar, Nan Shunpu, a juren, and other "nine old clubs" compose poems here.

The original water surface of Jianyang Lake is more than 2,000 mu. As time goes on, the lake surface gradually shrinks. Today, there are still more than 1 1,000 mu of water, and there are still two ancient bridges built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties on the lake. Zhensuo Bridge and Yang Xiu Bridge. These two bridges are the transportation hubs in the southwest of the county, forming a flying bridge landscape with lakes and mountains with the steep Jilong Mountain.

Jingyang bridge

Jingyang Bridge is located at the western end of West Lake, with a length of 60 meters and a width of 2.5 meters. Two stone bridges, connected with the long embankment, are antique, unique in shape and unique in structure, adding gorgeous colors to the ancient Jianyang Lake.

Zhensuo Bridge (also known as Jianyang Bridge)

Zhensuo Bridge was rebuilt by the monks of Baolun Temple in the northeast of Jilong Mountain in the fifty-sixth year of Qing Dynasty (179 1).

Total length138m, consisting of three Liang Shi bridges and approach dams with different volumes. The dam-type conjoined Liang Shi Bridge spans Jianyang Lake and runs in an east-west direction. The sub-bridge is located at the east-west corner of the main bridge. The main bridge is a three-hole Liang Shi Bridge, with a length of16.5m and a width of 2. 1 m.. The main tunnel spans 4.70 meters. The bridge deck is paved with long stones side by side. To the sixth floor, it is in the shape of overlapping eaves for vertical and horizontal support of bridge deck strips. The north and south sides of the bridge deck are connected by sentries and fences. The pillars of the watchtower are carved with lions and monkeys, as well as lotus flowers and gailian flowers. The words "Zhensuo Bridge" are engraved on the railing of the bridge deck in regular script. The approach embankment extending from the main bridge to the east and west and two sub-bridges-Liang Shi Bridge. With the slope of the bridge embankment extending forward. The shape of the auxiliary bridge is similar to that of the main bridge. With its novel artistic modeling concept, the dam-type Liang Shi Bridge organically combines the bridge with the long embankment. At the same time, it is an ancient bridge of history, humanities and customs. Jianyang Lake, known as 6000 mu lake, is wide and clear. For hundreds of years, in order to effectively curb floods, a dam-type Liang Shi Bridge has been built here, which can not only intercept the water of Taihu Lake, but also pay attention to the "Feng Shui" in this area, reflecting the charm of the perfect combination of ancient bridge-building skills and customs.