What book did Caohai first enter Britain?

Caohai farmers

Caohai is located in the east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in the northwest of Guizhou Province, and in the southwest of Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County at the foot of Wumeng Mountain. It is under the jurisdiction of Caohai Town, the resident of the county people's government.

First, the history of Caohai

The history of Caohai is a history of change, which can be divided into two stages: natural evolution and human influence.

(A) the stage of natural evolution

According to research, Caohai was formed 6.5438+0.5 million years ago. According to the analysis of the characteristics of Caohai sediments, such as multi-layer clay gravel mixed with peat, Caohai has experienced a complex change process after passing through Cang Sang. However, combined with the analysis of major geological events, the natural evolution of Caohai has roughly experienced three processes: generation, extinction and recovery.

According to the research on the landform and the development direction of karst caves from Admiralty to Weining County, as early as the early Pleistocene, the prototype of Caohai was an ancient river, which was once a first-class tributary of Luo Ze in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. By the end of the Middle Pleistocene, due to geological tectonic movement and fault tectonic activity, Caohai fault block subsided, forming Caohai Lake, which was a structural lake that blocked the river by tectonic action. Later, due to the development of karst processes such as underground fissure channels and sinkholes in the lower reaches of Caohai and the erosion of rivers, Caohai leaked water and became a waterless basin, and the sea became a mulberry field. According to the absolute age of peat C 14 in the upper layer of Caohai, Caohai died more than 3000 years ago. Recent historical data show that Weining county has "sea fields in the west, south and north, which are dozens of miles wide and can be cultivated in the past." 1395 "the imperial army was ordered to open up wasteland, 1622" the county people herded horses. "This shows that Caohai is still a dry basin. According to Weining County Records, 1857 "it rained for forty days and nights, and mountain torrents and waterfalls occurred, which blocked most of the sinkholes in the basin and flooded the basin. During the flood, it rose to the outside of Doumu Pavilion in the south of the city, and two seas were formed by this bridge (South China Sea, also known as East China Sea, is the main body of Caohai, and North Sea, also known as West Sea and Xiahaizi). ""(1860) The water suddenly rises and the two seas merge into one, which is called Caohai. "Caohai resurrected.

(B) the stage of human influence

After Caohai was recovered, the water area reached 45km2. During the rainy season in June and July every year, some farmland along the trunk line and lakeside of Yunnan-Guizhou Highway is often flooded, causing water damage. In order to meet the needs of transportation, agricultural production and national economic development, the relevant departments made a comprehensive management plan for Caohai in 1958. In the plan, the principles and methods of developing Caohai are defined: "flood storage is the main thing, drainage is the auxiliary thing, water resources are comprehensively utilized, and the interests of all sectors of the national economy are taken care of as much as possible." When the drainage project was implemented, the water area of Caohai was reduced to 3 1 km2. This is the first intervention of human activities in Caohai ecological environment.

The history and position of Caohai 1970, in order to obtain more arable land and solve the problem of food shortage, a large-scale drainage project was started, which lasted for more than two years, cost more than RMB1300,000 yuan and two million man-days, widened and deepened the drainage channel excavated by 1958, and blew up the bridge gate at Caohai outlet. Originally, 46,500 mu (3 1 000 hm2) of farmland was planned, but due to the thick peat layer at the bottom of Caohai, there were patches of exposed rocks. By 1972, Caohai still has a water surface of about 5km2, and only 5700 mu of farmland has been cultivated. Since then, Caohai people have been extinct for ten years. The result of this large-scale drainage not only failed to achieve the expected effect, but also seriously damaged the ecological environment of Caohai. Contrary to expectations, the blind needs of human beings have been retaliated by nature. From 65438 to 0980, Professor William Hung of Guizhou Normal University was entrusted by the Chinese Ecological Society to conduct a research on "the ecological environment of Guizhou Caohai after water withdrawal and its rational utilization in the future". The conclusions of this study are as follows: after the drainage of Caohai Lake, the climate in some areas has changed obviously, and the air humidity has decreased. The local atmosphere in Weining loses 9.7 million tons of water vapor every year, the atmospheric precipitation has decreased, the annual average temperature has decreased, the disastrous weather has increased, the spring drought has intensified, the summer low temperature has increased, the autumn rain has increased, the wind and hail have increased, and the frost has increased, which is very unfavorable for crop growth; With the disappearance of the lake, the groundwater level drops, the flow decreases, the wells in the villages around the lake dry up, and the salt content of the water quality increases; The decrease of biological population and the near extinction of migratory birds have produced a series of malignant effects. In view of this, experts, scholars and the public unanimously call for restoring the water surface of Caohai and rebuilding the ecological environment of Caohai wetland.

1980 Guizhou provincial people's government decided to restore Caohai waters. The water storage project started in 198 1 year, and the designed water level elevation was 2171.7m. In 1982, the water surface recovered to 25km2 (measured as 19.8km2). After the recharge of Caohai Lake, the number of aquatic plants, fish and birds increased year by year, and Caohai Lake was full of vitality.

Looking at the history of Caohai changes, it shows that Caohai is a very fragile ecological environment, a typical environment seriously damaged by human activities and rebuilt by human efforts. The rebirth of Caohai is the result of profound lessons, which can not be ignored in the future protection of Caohai and local economic development. 65438-0985 The provincial people's government decided to establish a comprehensive nature reserve with Caohai Plateau wetland ecosystem and its rare birds as the main protection objects, and listed it as a provincial key nature reserve, and set up a reserve management office to manage the reserve. 1992 was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.

PS: Landlord, it seems that the English book is called "We Love Science" and the China book is called "China Lake Records". That's all I know. I hope I can help you. There is also a picture attached to you ~