Who can give me a brief introduction to Dongting Lake?

Dongting Lake, called Yunmengze in ancient times, is the second largest freshwater lake in China. It spans Hunan and Hubei provinces, connects the Yangtze River in the north and the four waters of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Tan in the south, and is known as the "Dongting Lake with 800 Li". Dongting Lake means immortal abode of fairies, so its scenery is beautiful and charming. Dongting Lake is vast and circuitous, with abrupt mountains. Its biggest feature is that there is a lake outside the lake, with mountains, small fishing sails, Ye Qingqing River, water and sky, and seagulls flying. Spring and autumn are different in four seasons, and they change a thousand times a day. Among the eight scenic spots in Xiaoxiang described by the ancients, the autumn moon in Dongting Lake, the return from a long voyage, the setting sun in the fishing village and the dusk snow in the river are all portrayal of East Dongting Lake.

Literati and writers of all ages have enthusiastically eulogized the beautiful Dongting Lake. Famous Politics in Northern Song Dynasty

The Story of Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan, a psychologist, strategist and writer, vividly depicts the ever-changing scenery of Dongting Lake from the perspective of Yueyang Tower. Dongting Lake is magnificent, and the moonlight in Dongting Lake is soft and magnificent. Even in gloomy weather, it gives people a unique and secret feeling and arouses people's fun. Dongting Lake, with its blue waters, deserves to be called "the first water in the world". Rowing in the lake is refreshing and interesting.

The lakeside scenery is extremely beautiful, and many scenic spots are national-level scenic spots, such as Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Dufu Tomb, Yangmaozhai, Tiejing Building, Quzi Temple, Yuelong Building, Confucian Temple, Longzhou Academy and other places of interest. At the intersection of Chenglingji, West Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, there is a place called Sanjiangkou. Overlooking Dongting from here, you can see the Xiangjiang River rushing northward, the Yangtze River rolling eastward, waterfowl soaring and magnificent scenery. The folklore of Liu Hai's golden toad, Dong Fangshuo's stealing fairy wine, and Shun Di's second princess Wanli's husband-seeking all originated here ... Junshan is the most famous lake with beautiful scenery. It is an island on Dongting Lake. There are 72 peaks on the island, and there is a ferry for about an hour every day. It takes a day to travel, go in the morning and come back in the afternoon. You can kill two birds with one stone by visiting Junshan and Dongting Lake. Junshan, formerly known as Dongting Mountain, means immortal abode of fairies. According to legend, 4000 years ago, Shun Di's two concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, failed to catch up with him during his southern tour. They climbed onto the bamboo and wept bitterly. Tears dripped on the bamboo and turned into bamboos. Later, two concubines died in the mountains, and later generations built their tombs. They are also called ChristianRandPhillips and Xiang Army. In memory of Xiang Jun, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan Mountain. Existing monuments, such as Feier's Tomb, ChristianRandPhillips Temple, Liuyi, Feilai Bell, etc. The bamboos in Junshan are very famous, including Bambusa maculata, Arhat Bambusa, Chimonobambusa, Solid Bambusa, Purple Bambusa and Phyllostachys pubescens. The Dragon Boat Festival, Lotus Festival and water sports are held here every year.

Dongting Lake is a famous land of fish and rice, with extremely rich products. The lake's specialties include mussels, Monopterus albus, Dongting crab, Cai Yu and other precious seafood, as well as Junshan famous tea, arhat bamboo, square bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and other bamboo products, and there are many kinds.

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Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China. There is a lush and evergreen hill in the center of the lake called Dongting Mountain, hence the name Dongting Lake. The total area of the lake area is about 18000 square kilometers. To the south of the lake is Hunan Province, and to the north is Hubei Province. During the flood, Wang Yang was like a sea, with an area of 3,900 square kilometers and a volume of120 billion cubic meters. Xiangjiang River, Zishui River, Yuanshui River and Lishui River meet in the south, Songzi River, Taiping River, Lianhuachi River and Diaoxian River connect with the Yangtze River in the north, and the lake finally joins the Yangtze River in Chenglingji, Yueyang. It is like a natural reservoir, holding four waters, swallowing the Yangtze River, regulating floods and controlling Chu and Wu.

The name of Dongting Lake has many interpretations. There are records of "Cloud Dream" in Historical Records, Zhou Li, Erya and other ancient books. Dream means "Hu Ze" in Chu language at that time, which is similar to the word "Sui". The first year of the Spring and Autumn Period and Zheng's dream in Jiangnan. Another cloud said, "It is scheduled for four years, and Zi Chu will wade into the river and enter the cloud." "Hanyang Zhi" said: "The cloud is in Jiangbei and the dream is in Jiangnan." Together, they are collectively called Yunmeng. At that time, Yunmengze covered an area of 40,000 square kilometers. Geography Today Interpretation said: "It is an ancient cloud dream to the east of qi zhou, to Zhijiang in the west, to Jingshan in the south and to the grassland in the north." Zi Xufu of Sima Xiangru said, "A dreamer can travel eight or nine hundred miles." In the late Warring States period, Yunmengze was divided into north and south due to siltation, and the north of the Yangtze River became a swamp, while the south of the Yangtze River was still a vast lake. From then on, it is no longer called Yunmeng, but this big lake is called Dongting Lake, because there is a famous Junshan in the lake, formerly known as Dongting Mountain. "A Brief Introduction to ChristianRandPhillips Temple" said: "Dongting is one of the immortal caves, and it is called Dongting. "Later people call it Dongting Lake, because of its Wang Yang, flooding, nothing to lose. This is the origin of the name of Dongting Lake.

Dongting Lake, with clear water and vast sea, has been recorded and described countless times throughout the ages. During the Warring States Period, the great poet Qu Yuan repeatedly recited the beautiful Dongting Lake in his poems, such as "going up to Dongting Lake and going down to Dongting Lake" to express his grief; In Xiang Jun, "chasing the west Dongting"; In "Mrs. Xiang", "The autumn wind blows, and the waves fall under the leaves in the Dongting". In the poems Xiang Jun and Xiang Lady, according to folklore, Qu Yuan described Dongting Lake as one of the haunts of immortals: a pair of beautiful love gods, cruising on the blue waves of Dongting Lake in the autumn wind, riding a light Guizhou boat and playing beautiful flutes. Xiang Jun used lotus, fragrant branches, Du Heng, purple shell, osmanthus tree, magnolia flower, magnolia flower and Ficus pumila, which are special products in Dongting area, and built a fragrant palace in the water to welcome Mrs Xiang.

Dongting Lake is not only beautiful, but also known as the land of plenty. The lake is rich in rice and the lake is rich in fish and shrimp. It has been a famous freshwater fish producing area in China since ancient times. Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Fish in Dongting": "Fish in Dongting can be picked up, but it is even worse if it is not fake. Noisy as mosquitoes before the rain, flies after the autumn. " Visible fish. Today, the lake is rich in 100 aquatic products, such as carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, silver carp, mandarin fish, anchovies, shrimps, crabs, turtles, eels, loaches and mussels, as well as rare baiji dolphins. The biggest fish in Dongting is sturgeon, weighing 200-300 Jin; The smallest and most valuable thing is whitebait. Dongting whitebait is quite famous in history. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Baling County Records", "Whitebait leaves Lushan Junshan Lake, and its small talent is full of inches. Those who see black spots are better, and those who bake with fire are better than those who cook in the sun. Noodles fish are produced elsewhere, and two or three inches to four or five inches are cheap. It is produced in winter and summer, and the water in summer is not as hot as in winter. " It is said that when yongzheng emperor and Emperor Qianlong successively went to the south of the Yangtze River, they both tasted whitebait and spoke highly of it. Whitebait swims in the slow-flowing place of Qingshui grass beach. It is silvery white, transparent, round and strip-shaped, without scales and thorns, with tender meat, rich in protein and extremely delicious, and it is a treasure on the table.

Lotus Lake, the "lake in the lake" in Dongting Lake, is rich in Xiang Lian, which is famous at home and abroad. It is full of grains and fresh and tender meat, and it has been regarded as the treasure of lotus in past dynasties. Whenever the lotus is in full bloom, the lotus leaves all over the lake set off graceful flowers, elegant and noble. "The mud never sticks, and the ripples are clear." Rowing and lotus picking has become a major tourism project.

Junshan Mountain in Dongting Lake not only has beautiful scenery, but also has many famous treasures, among which Junshan tea is very famous and has been listed as tribute tea since the Tang Dynasty. Junshan Yinzhen tea was picked when the tea tree just germinated and made through more than ten processes. The inside is orange and covered with a layer of white hair, so it has an elegant name-gold inlaid jade. After soaking, all the tea leaves began to rush to it and then slowly sank. Finally, all the tea leaves stand firmly at the bottom of the cup, piled green, like swords and spears, like unearthed tender bamboo shoots, which is indeed a "wonder in tea." The entrance is fragrant, but the teeth and cheeks are fragrant.

The ancients summarized the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake for a long time, including Autumn Moon in Dongting Lake, Return to Sail from the Far Pu, Pingsha Wild Goose, Sunset in Fishing Village, Snow on the River and the Sun Scene, Moon Shadow, Cloud Shadow and Snow Shadow in Eight Scenes of Dongting Lake in Qing Dynasty.

Legend of junshan

Looking out from Yueyang Tower, the island exposed on the lake is the famous Junshan Mountain on Dongting Lake. Junshan Mountain, also known as Xiangshan Mountain or Dongting Mountain, is just across the water from Yueyang Tower. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, compared Dongting Lake, a "blue sky", to a white silver plate and Junshan to a green snail in the silver plate. "Look at the Dongting landscape, there is a green snail in the silver plate." Look at Yueyang Tower. This metaphor is very vivid.

Junshan is a long island, which consists of 72 peaks. Although Junshan is small, the scenic spots and historical sites and fairy tales are beautiful.

According to legend, in ancient times, Dongting Lake had no islands. Whenever there are strong winds and white waves, the ships coming and going have nowhere to stop, and they are often swallowed up by bad waves, and the local people are miserable. This incident aroused the sympathy of 72 underwater snail girls. Reluctantly, they took off their snail shells and formed an island. Later, together, it became today's Junshan. 72 peaks on Junshan Mountain were made by 72 snail girls.

It is also said that more than 4000 years ago, Qin Shihuang visited the south, and his beloved two princesses arrived later, and the ship was blocked by the wind and waves in Dongting Mountain. Suddenly I heard that the Jade Emperor died in Cangwu (now Wuzhou, Guangxi), and the second princess was heartbroken. She held the bamboo and looked south. The bamboo shed tears and showed spots, so it became the "Feixiang Bamboo" growing in the north of Junshan, also called "Spotted Bamboo". The second concubine also died of grief in this burial, so there is a tomb of the second concubine at the east foot of Junshan. There is a folk poem saying: "The Jade Emperor's southern tour does not return it, and the second concubine is resentful. At that time, I cried badly. Until now, bamboo is still in class. " In front of the second concubine's tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Yu's second concubine's tomb", and there are stone pillars beside it, engraved with reliefs such as Qi, Lin, lion and elephant. A pair of stone pillars in front of the tomb are engraved with a couplet: "Your princess is immortal, and mangosteen has tears." The second princess is called Princess Jun and Princess Xiang. In memory of them, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan Mountain, also known as Xiangshan Mountain. It is said that this is the origin of the names of Junshan and Xiangshan.

Interestingly, Junshan also has the legend of infighting in history. According to legend, the first emperor was furious when Qin Shihuang toured the world and the boat crossed Junshan. He said, "It should have been calm. Who is so bold and dares to make waves? " Then he asked around, "Where is this?" The courtiers replied that it was Junshan. Hearing this, the first emperor became more and more angry and said, "I am the only king in the world." How can a mountain be called a king? " He ordered three thousand torturers to cut down all the trees on the mountain and seal the mountain on a stone wall. Today, you can also see a stone seal on the stone wall by the lake, which is 1 m long and 0.8 m wide. The handwriting is indistinguishable, which seems to be the word "forever sealed", commonly known as "closing the mountain".

The Book of Liu Yi Jing on Junshan was carved by later generations according to Li's Biography of Liu Yi in Tang Dynasty. Liu Yi is a scholar, and Lu and Yu have a tearful shepherdess. She claimed to be the daughter of the Dragon King in Dongting, and stayed here because of her husband's abuse, so she prayed for Liu Yi to send a message to the Dragon King from the dry well, hoping to be rescued to the Dragon Palace as soon as possible. Liu Yi came to Junshan, found a dry well and went straight to the Dragon Palace, completing the task of delivering books. After the Dragon Lady was saved, she married Liu Yi. The existing "Six Arts Classics" is unique in architecture at the end of Junshan Longshe Mountain. Wellhead diameter 1m, well depth 10m. There is a sculpture of Poseidon holding a sword on the wall of the shaft, which is said to be Liu Yi's guide. 5 meters away from the well, there is a ramp extending into the well. On both sides of the ramp, there are reliefs of soldiers and crabs. As soldiers and generals, Liu Yi is welcomed to the lake.

There is also a big Pingshan on Junshan Mountain, where Zhong Xiang and Yang Yao led the peasant rebels to camp in the first year of Shaoxing, Song Dynasty. At that time, poor fishermen who could not bear the oppression of the government rose up here, built water towns, built warships and haunted the 800-mile Dongting. At present, there are still military division caves, finger tables, pots for ten thousand people and other historical sites on Junshan Mountain.

In addition, there is Xuanyuantai on Dongting Mountain, which is said to be the place where the Yellow Emperor cast the tripod. There is a dumpling shooting platform, where Xiao Houyi is said to shoot dumplings. Jiuxiangshan legend is rich in wine-flavored vines, which can brew long-lived wine. During the Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo once drank here. Langyin Pavilion was named after Lv Dongbin's poetry here.

Yueyang Xiatian Building

Yueyang Tower is located in the west corner of Yueyang Ancient City, with Baling Mountain in the east, Dongting Lake in the west, Yangtze River in the north and Sanjiang in the south. It is magnificent and extraordinary. It is also called "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River" with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wang Tengting in Nanchang. Since ancient times: "Dongting is the world's water, Yueyang is the world's building"; "There are three thousand Li on the knee. It's all in Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is located in the west corner of Yueyang Ancient City, with Baling Mountain in the east, Dongting Lake in the west, Yangtze River in the north and Sanjiang in the south. It is magnificent and extraordinary. It is also known as the "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River" with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and the Rattan in Nanchang. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building"; "There are three thousand Li on the knee. It's all in Yueyang Tower.

According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, it was once a parade platform for the training of the water army by Lu Su of Wu State. Because the Dongting Lake in front of Yueyang Tower is vast and calm, and there happens to be a hill on the shore of the lake, which is really a good place for training and military parade. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su was ordered by Sun Quan to station 10,000 troops in Baqiu (now Yueyang). At the foot of Baqiu Mountain in the throat of Dongting Lake, on the west wall of the lake, there is a military reading building for training and reviewing the water army. This military reading building is the predecessor of Yueyang Tower.

In the fourth year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 16), Zhang Shuling, secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, said that he had fallen into Qiuzhou, so he expanded the Ximen Building into a pavilion, first named it "South Building" and later renamed it "Yueyang Building".

The perfect combination of "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building", with its majestic momentum and long historical connotation, makes it a scenic spot for poets and poets after the Tang Dynasty, and gradually forms a special meaning with the main tradition of worrying about the country and helping the world. Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi and other famous poets in the Tang Dynasty all went upstairs to recite poems and compose poems. Among them, Du Fu's famous sentence "Climbing Yueyang Tower" is the first song of this tradition. There is a poem saying, "I've heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I'm on this tower. Wu Chu Southeast v. I can see the world floating endlessly. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall, and how can I not cry by this railing? "If Meng Haoran's" Clouds and dreams have risen again and Yueyang City has been besieged "shows the grief and indignation of the poor for dereliction of duty, then Du Fu's poems, with overwhelming power, have merged the hearts of a generation of poets and the fate of the country in the 800-mile waves.

In the fourth year of Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1044), Teng stayed in Baling (Yueyang) to rebuild Yueyang Tower, and wrote a letter to Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and writer at that time, asking him to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower". Subsequently, Su Shunqin, a poet and calligrapher, was invited to write, and Shao Mao, a sculptor, carved words. Therefore, Tenglou, Fan Ji, Su Xun and Shao can become the "four wonders" of Yueyang Tower.

More than 900 years have passed since the Song Dynasty, and the present Yueyang Tower was rebuilt during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Yang Yue Lou Ji, carved by Su Shushao, has also been replaced by Zhang Zhao, a calligrapher in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, but this famous work still shines in Zhu Tian.

"To view it, Baling wins, in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. " Fan Zhongyan not only vividly described the scenery around Yueyang Tower, but also expressed the magnificence of Dongting Lake and the magnificence of Yueyang Tower, which further promoted Du Fu's spirit to a new height. The famous sentence "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" expresses the lofty feelings of caring about the country and the people and taking the world as one's duty, which has become a concentrated portrayal of the spiritual world of China's progressive intellectuals. The name of Yueyang Tower is Yizhang, which is a biography of scenery and scenery.

Today's Yueyang Tower is a unique brick-wood structure with four columns and three floors and a cornice helmet. Walking into the building, I saw the inscriptions of celebrities from all over the world. The pillars on the second floor are engraved with famous sentences of Meng Haoran and Du Fu, and twelve carved rosewood screens are in the middle. Zhang's "Yueyang Tower" is eye-catching and enlightens tourists to ponder. There are two auxiliary pavilions on both sides of the main building: one is Sanzui Pavilion named after the mythical figure Lv Dongbin Sanzui Yueyang Tower; One is Xianmeiting, which is said to be named after a stone slab with plum blossom pattern was dug underground during the maintenance of Yueyang Tower in the late Ming Dynasty. Near the building are Lu Su Tomb, Xiao Qiao Tomb, Yueyang Confucian Temple and Ci Shi Building.