Overview of Three Necessary Knowledge Points in Geography

Basic knowledge, principles and laws of geography are the eternal theme of college entrance examination. Then do you know what are the three knowledge points required in geography? Below I will share with you some outlines of three required knowledge points in geography, hoping to help you. Welcome to read!

Overview of Three Necessary Knowledge Points in Geography

1, the composition of the atmosphere and the role of major components, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone and solid impurities.

The composition of the lower atmosphere: clean air with stable proportion (mainly oxygen and nitrogen), unstable water vapor and solid impurities.

Nitrogen-the basic component of organisms

Oxygen-a necessary substance for life activities

Carbon dioxide-the raw material of photosynthesis; Thermal insulation function

Ozone, the umbrella of life on earth, absorbs ultraviolet rays.

The formation of water vapor and solid impurities-clouds leads to rain; Impurities: condensed nuclei

2. The vertical stratification of the atmosphere and the influence of each layer on human activities.

Relationship between other characteristics of airflow and people.

The higher the troposphere, the lower it is. Convection accounts for 3/4 of the atmospheric mass. Water vapor and dust; Inconsistent weather phenomena at different latitudes

The higher the stratosphere, the higher the advection and high-altitude flight; The existence of ozone layer

There is ionosphere in the upper atmosphere (radio communication; Solar activity interferes with short-wave communication

3. Atmospheric heating process

(1) Basic energy source: solar radiation (wavelength range of various radiation and the essence of solar radiation-short wave radiation).

(2) the heating process of the atmosphere (thermal effect of the atmosphere)-the sun heats the earth and the earth heats the atmosphere.

Weakening effect of atmosphere on solar radiation: three forms and their respective phenomena (with examples)

The main reason affecting the weakening degree is the solar altitude angle (the weakening degree is different at different latitudes)

Thermal insulation of the ground atmosphere;

Understand ground radiation (infrared long-wave radiation); Atmospheric radiation (infrared long-wave radiation)

The process of heat preservation: the atmosphere strongly absorbs long-wave radiation from the ground; Atmospheric inverse radiation returns heat to the ground.

(Illustrations and examples-such as when the frost occurred; Comparison of daily temperature difference)

The significance of heat preservation: reducing the daily variation of temperature; Ensure the appropriate temperature of the earth; Maintain global heat balance

4. Causes of vertical and horizontal motion of the atmosphere.

(1) The fundamental cause of atmospheric motion: uneven cold and hot (between latitudes; Between land and sea)

3 a concrete summary of geography knowledge points in senior one.

(2) the form of atmospheric movement:

The simplest form: thermal cycle (diagram and explanation); Example: suburban wind; Sea-land wind; The main reason of monsoon

Decomposition of thermal cycle: vertical motion of atmosphere caused by uneven cooling and heating

Horizontal air pressure difference Horizontal air flow flows from high pressure to low pressure.

Horizontal motion of the atmosphere (wind):

The root cause of wind: uneven heat and cold

The direct cause of wind formation: horizontal pressure difference (or horizontal pressure gradient force)

Three forces affecting wind: horizontal pressure gradient force; Geostrophic deflection; surface friction

Determination of wind direction: 1 force wind (theoretical wind)-perpendicular to isobar, with high pressure pointing to low pressure.

Level 2 wind (high altitude wind)-parallel to the isobar, north to right, south to left.

3 force wind (actual ground wind)-diagonally across the isobar, north to right, south to left.

Pay attention to the wind direction map of a certain point in the actual ground pressure field in the northern hemisphere.

5. Three-circle circulation and the formation of pressure zone and wind zone

(1) No rotation, uniform surface-single cycle (thermal cycle)

(2) Rotation, uniform surface-three-circle circulation

(3) Composition of three-circle circulation: 0-30 low latitude circulation; 30-60 mid-latitude circulation; 60-90 high latitude circulation

Formation of seven kinds of air pressures and six kinds of winds on the ground: an ideal model of zonal distribution

Wet and dry conditions in each pressure zone (low pressure and low humidity; High pressure drying)

Wind direction and dry and wet conditions in each wind area (trade winds are generally dry; The west wind is wet)

Polar front: close to 60 degrees, formed by the meeting of prevailing westerly winds and polar easterly winds.

The pressure zone and wind zone move with the seasonal north-south movement of the direct point of the sun.

(4) Influence of land and sea distribution on pressure area and wind area: actual surface conditions (blocky)

The most important influence: the temperature difference between land and sea.

Performance (atmospheric activity center): July (summer) Northern Hemisphere: Eurasian continent-Asian depression; Pacific upper high

Northern hemisphere 65438+ 10 month (winter): Eurasian continent-Asian high; Pacific high and low pressure

(5) Monsoon circulation (note the chart)

Conceptual understanding: it is an integral part of global atmospheric circulation; East Asian monsoon is the most typical.

The cause of monsoon: the main reason-the thermal difference between land and sea (can explain the winter and summer monsoon in East Asia; Winter winds in South Asia)

The cause of the South Asian summer monsoon-the southeast trade wind in the southern hemisphere moves northward, crosses the equator and turns right to the southwest wind.

(or simply: seasonal movement of pressure belt and wind belt)

The influence of monsoon: the characteristics of monsoon: the same period of rain and heat; The precipitation season changes greatly, which is prone to drought and flood disasters.

Two monsoon climates in East Asia and their respective distribution areas (bounded by Qinhuai line); Their respective climatic characteristics

-temperate monsoon climate: the monsoon area north of Qinhuai; Winter is dry and cold; Summer hot and humid

-Subtropical monsoon climate: the monsoon region south of Qinhuai; Winter is mild with little rain; Summer hot and humid

-The two monsoon climates in East Asia have the same Xia Feng direction in winter and the same causes.

-Pay attention to the distribution of air pollution enterprises in the industrial layout of cities in the monsoon region.

Tropical monsoon climate in South Asia;

-High temperature throughout the year, with dry season (controlled by northeast monsoon) and rainy season (controlled by southwest monsoon) alternating.

Monsoon region is the main distribution area of rice growers in the world.

-Monsoon climate zones in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia and tropical rain forest climate zones in Southeast Asia.

6. The relationship between atmospheric circulation and water and heat transport is a generalization of atmospheric circulation.

(1) global atmospheric circulation;

It promotes the exchange of heat and water vapor between high and low latitudes and between land and ocean;

Adjust the global distribution of water and heat;

It is an important factor in weather change and climate formation in various places.

(2) The causes of several important climates:

Mediterranean climate:

The west coast of the continent between 30 and 40 north latitude; Winter is controlled by the west wind, warm and humid; Summer is controlled by subtropical high, which is dry and hot.

Tropical grassland climate:

North and south latitudes 10-20 degrees; The annual high temperature is controlled by equatorial low pressure in rainy season and by trade winds in dry season.

Temperate maritime climate:

The west coast of the continent between 40 and 60 north latitude; Controlled by the west wind all year round, the climate is warm and humid.

Tropical rain forest climate:

Near the equator; Hot and humid all year round, controlled by equatorial low pressure all year round.

Three monsoon climates: (see above analysis)

7. Features of weather systems such as fronts, low pressure and high pressure.

Frontal system

An example of a frontal graphic symbol, indicating the position of weather and precipitation before crossing the border.

Cold front warm air mass control: sunny; The cold wave in winter passes through low pressure, cloudy day, rain, strong wind and cooling front; Summer rainstorm in northern China

Warm front cold air mass control: sunny; High pressure continuous precipitation front

Low pressure (cyclone) and high pressure (anticyclone) systems

Air pressure: high pressure and low pressure

Airflow: cyclone and anticyclone

The most effective methods and skills of geography in senior high school

Understand the characteristics of geography, clear learning ideas.

1. Geographical features

Geography is spatial, regional and comprehensive, and its outstanding tools are maps and graphics. Its outstanding laws and principles are the distribution of geographical images and the process of geographical changes, and the excellent quality in the thinking method of geographical research is critical and strategic.

2. Key points of geography examination in college entrance examination.

Both the geography college entrance examination and the national examination strive to reflect the characteristics of geography, examine the core knowledge (backbone knowledge), emphasize the connection between knowledge points and the quality of knowledge structure, examine students' ability, reflect the idea of geography curriculum reform, select a wide range of materials, create new situations, reflect fairness, connect with reality, answer practical questions, have the flavor of the times, pay attention to hot issues, examine humanistic quality and attach importance to the cultivation of humanistic spirit.

3. Different geographical contents need different learning methods.

Geography is a comprehensive subject that spans nature and humanities, and natural geography should adopt scientific learning methods. Physical geography emphasizes the application of principles and laws and combines practical analysis to solve problems. Human geography emphasizes macro-overall analysis, while human geography emphasizes the application of viewpoints and methods, and evaluates and reflects on it in combination with reality. The focus of regional geography is chart-based learning methods. Regional geography emphasizes the spatial positioning of geographical things, the interpretation skills of maps and image charts, and the analysis methods of regions.

How to prepare geography

Review should pay close attention to the foundation

The so-called foundation refers to basic knowledge, basic ability, basic thinking process and basic geographical literacy, and the review of these foundations should take textbooks as the carrier. While grasping teaching materials and consolidating knowledge, the ability of candidates is gradually improving.

So how to lay a good foundation and cultivate ability in the critical period of the first round of review? The college entrance examination emphasizes the basic, core and renewable contents in the subject knowledge structure, which fully reflects the examination of geography learning methods and learning ability. Such as regional space judgment, time calculation, industrial location analysis, ecological environment problems, etc. Therefore, in the first round of review, candidates should check and fill in the gaps, and completely remove the obstacles to understanding in the knowledge structure. On this basis, the knowledge of geography and science is sorted out and summarized to make the knowledge systematic. At the same time, it is combined with unit training to improve the application ability. To this end, candidates should review in units step by step at this stage. It is undoubtedly necessary to keep up with the teacher, keep up with the teacher's rhythm in class and take good notes in class; After class, you should do some exercises in unit order. If the candidates don't learn geography well, this round of review is the best time to check and fill the gaps and improve their grades. Through a comprehensive review of textbooks, we can improve our ability to use geographical principles flexibly.

Master the exam outline

Combined with the college entrance examination, in recent years, the geography part of the comprehensive examination paper mainly focuses on the basic knowledge, basic principles and laws, and basic skills of geography, highlighting the examination of the main knowledge of geography. Almost every year, the main knowledge system of geography subjects, such as earth movement and its geographical significance, climate, ocean current, agricultural production conditions, urbanization, influencing factors of industrial layout, precipitation and its seasonal changes in various parts of China, and location factors of urban formation, will be taken as the main examination contents. These are the key knowledge that the syllabus requires candidates to master, and there is no problem of exceeding the syllabus.

Conduct a comprehensive review according to the "Examination Instructions". Examination notes are the basis of college entrance examination proposition, and also the basis for standardizing college entrance examination review and preparation. Be able to clearly grasp the questions of what to test and how to test, overcome blindness and be targeted. Therefore, studying and studying the exam descriptions and exam questions in recent years is an important part of preparing for the comprehensive exam.

Stick to the chart

Chart is the second language of geography, and its outstanding feature is to express "spatial concept" or "quantifiable" geographical things in the form of intuitive images. Examinations often take charts as the carrier to examine geographical knowledge and connect politics and history.

In view of the characteristics of attaching importance to chart examination in college entrance examination, we should strengthen the reading and analysis ability training of maps and geographical charts in review. We can review and practice the maps in textbooks and corresponding atlases every day in a planned way, and deduce the laws and principles of geography from the perspectives of Tu Tu's mutual change, text's mutual change and chart's mutual change.

Articles related to the outline of three knowledge points in geography compulsory course;

★ Summary and review points of compulsory three knowledge points in senior high school geography

★ Three knowledge points of compulsory geography in People's Education Edition

★ Summary of knowledge points in the second chapter of geography compulsory three in senior two.

★ Summary of three required knowledge points of geography in senior two.

★ Compulsory three knowledge points of geography in senior high school

★ Sort out and summarize the three knowledge points required for geography in senior three.

★ Summary of knowledge points of compulsory geography 2020 in senior high school.

★ Summary of knowledge points of three compulsory courses of geography in senior one.

★ Summary of three key knowledge points of geography compulsory course in senior high school

★ Summary of Important Knowledge Points of Three Compulsory Geography Courses