How to prevent heatstroke in hot weather?

It's midsummer, with high temperature and high air humidity. Information from the emergency departments of major hospitals in this city shows that with the improvement of living standards, people generally adopt effective heatstroke prevention and cooling measures such as air conditioning, and the productive and occupational heatstroke is obviously reduced. However, air conditioning is often "incubated", which makes many people's heat resistance generally decline. Therefore, once there is unusually high temperature weather that lasts for many days, heatstroke will occur in high-risk groups; There are more patients with heatstroke aura and mild heatstroke. Therefore, heatstroke prevention has always been a problem that people should always pay attention to on a hot day. Normal people suffer from heatstroke due to high temperature and humidity, and their body temperature can be kept between 36 and 37 degrees Celsius. This is because the human body has the ability to automatically regulate body temperature, so that heat production and heat dissipation can be kept in balance. Heat production of human body mainly comes from metabolism in the body, and heat dissipation mainly depends on radiation, convection, conduction and evaporation. When the outside temperature rises, the evaporation heat dissipation of the human body also increases gradually, especially when the temperature is higher than 35 degrees Celsius, two-thirds of the residual heat of the human body will evaporate through sweating. In the hot summer season, the relative humidity in the environment is high. In the high temperature and high humidity environment, although the human body sweats a lot, the evaporation heat dissipation is reduced. With the increase of accumulated heat in the body, the body's temperature regulation function is disordered, and heatstroke will occur at this time. Various manifestations of heatstroke The onset of heatstroke is sudden, but heatstroke is generally divided into threatened heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke. Threatened heatstroke is characterized by sweating, dizziness, tinnitus, thirst, nausea, chest tightness, irritability and limb weakness. At this time, patients should leave the high temperature environment in time, pay attention to rest and supplement cold and salty drinks, which can return to normal in a short time. If you can't leave the high temperature environment at this time, the patient will have symptoms such as rising body temperature, flushing, burning skin, listlessness, or heatstroke symptoms such as pale face, cold skin, decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse. Patients with severe heatstroke often start with sudden convulsions, delirium or coma, stop sweating and have shortness of breath at the same time, and their body temperature can reach above 40 degrees Celsius. If not rescued in time, it will be life-threatening. For severe patients, ice packs should be applied to their heads, foreheads and armpits as soon as possible to cool down, and they should be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly. The occurrence of heatstroke lasting 35 degrees Celsius is closely related to high temperature and high humidity, so heatstroke is prone to occur in hot weather or environment above 35 degrees Celsius. But if the humidity is too high, even if the temperature is lower than 35 degrees Celsius, it is easy to get heatstroke. According to meteorological observation, in the absence of wind, when the temperature is 30 to 365,438+0 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 85%, or when the temperature is above 35 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 60%, people's body temperature regulation will be hindered and heatstroke will easily occur. Generally speaking, at the same temperature, wind is more comfortable than no wind, because wind will promote the evaporation of sweat and help to dissipate heat. Related research also shows that heatstroke is not only related to the meteorological conditions of the day, but also related to the accumulated days of high temperature above 35 degrees Celsius. Although high temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius can easily lead to heatstroke, it is not the case that heatstroke will occur as soon as such high temperatures appear. Only when the high temperature above 35 degrees Celsius lasts for several days, the human body can't bear the high temperature to suffer from heatstroke. According to the previous meteorological conditions and the weather forecast of the next day, meteorologists can predict the heatstroke rate of the next day, that is, the heatstroke meteorological index, to remind people to take precautions. Who should pay special attention to heatstroke? (1) Infants and young children have underdeveloped systems, poor thermoregulation function, and more subcutaneous fat, especially newborns, with high brown fat with heat preservation function, which is not conducive to heat dissipation. (2) Old people's skin sweat glands atrophy, the circulatory system function declines, and it is easy to have poor heat dissipation. (3) The heat of patients with cardiovascular diseases will excite people's sympathetic nerves and increase the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Especially for people with cardiac insufficiency, heat can't be distributed in time and accumulated in the body, which is easy to suffer from heatstroke. (4) Diabetes patients lose a lot of sugar from urine, which is easy to cause water and electrolyte metabolism disorder, and patients are often accompanied by cardiovascular system diseases and peripheral nerve variation, which makes the body slow to respond to the temperature changes in the internal and external environment, leading to heatstroke. (5) The infection of patients with infectious diseases can cause the human body to produce a pyrogen, which acts on the thermogenic center of hypothalamus and accelerates the body's thermogenesis; At the same time, it can also make the body release a large number of catecholamine substances into the blood, causing vasospasm and contraction, which is not conducive to heat dissipation. In addition to the above five groups of people, people who do a lot of exercise or strenuous exercise under the conditions of high temperature and poor ventilation, such as high-temperature workers and outdoor athletes, are also high-risk groups prone to heatstroke. People who work in the open air or high temperature environment must strengthen ventilation and cooling facilities and let less direct sunlight. It is necessary to adjust the rest time reasonably, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and avoid excessive fatigue. Reduce heat production and try not to go out at noon. If you have to go out, you should wear loose and breathable light-colored clothes, protective glasses and a sun hat. When the weather is very hot, you should slow down whatever activities you are engaged in outdoors. Take more baths. Water can take away the summer heat, and you can swim often if you can. Eat properly and replenish water in time. It is best to have a light diet and eat more foods rich in protein, vitamin B and vitamin C, because these water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted with sweat. Drink plenty of water every day, especially if you sweat a lot, and drink some salt and soda. Take necessary heatstroke prevention drugs with you, such as cooling oil, Ren Dan, ten drops of water, wind oil essence, etc. If you feel uncomfortable, you can use it in time.