Fan Zhongyan appreciates Yueyang Tower.

The Story of Yueyang Tower was written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, on September 15th, the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1046), at the request of his good friend, Taishou Teng of Baling County. Among them, the poems "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" and "Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself" are well-known and quoted sentences. The following is the appreciation of Yueyang Tower that I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

Yueyang Tower Author: Fan Zhongyan

original text

In the spring of the fourth year of Li Qing, Teng (zhé) kept Baling County. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything went smoothly. Is to rebuild Yueyang tower, increase its old system, carved

Tang Xian's modern poems were endowed with it. It belongs to (zhǔ) to (yú) Write a composition and remember it.

Yu (fú) Baling wins the case in Dongting Lake. Holding the distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River and making endless soup (shāng); It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Everything the elder said is ready. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang, and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things well.

If the husband is raining, he won't even open the moon; Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying; The sun, the moon and the stars are hidden (Yao), and the mountains are hidden; If business travel is not good, it will be ruined. At dusk, tigers roar and apes crow. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad.

If it is spring, it is calm and the sky is high and the clouds are light; Travel, travel, shore zhi (zhǐ)těng(tοng) orchid, gloomy. Or the long smoke has gone, the moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining and the static shadow is heavy; How happy it is to answer the fisherman's song! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.

Oh, my husband! Give (yú) a taste of the benevolence of the ancients, or do something different from them. What is it (zāi)? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said, "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." Hey (y: and)! Wes, who are we going home with?

September 15th, six years.

Common words

1. belongs to the record (through "delegate", delegate, delegate)

Everything is wasted (all, all, all).

To annotate ...

(1) is selected from Fan Wenzheng Gongji Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), and its word is Greek. Known as Gong, he was born in Wuxian, Suzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu), a politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

② Four years in Li Qing: A.D. 1044. Li Qing, the year number of Zhao Zhen, Song Renzong (104 1- 1048). "Six years" at the end of this sentence refers to Li Qing's six years (1046), which was written by name.

(3) Tengshou Baling County; Teng was demoted to the state of Yue. Teng, whose real name is Zong Liang, is a friend of Fan Zhongyan. Chen was demoted or transferred as an official of the feudal dynasty. Guard means to be a satrap. Baling: The county name, namely Yuezhou, is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province.

(4) Next year: the second year, five years in Li Qing (1045). The more later.

(5) Political integrity and harmony: Political integrity and harmony make people happy. Politics, politics; Pass the customs smoothly; Harmony, harmony. This is a compliment to Teng Amethyst.

(6) Everything goes smoothly: all kinds of things that should be done but not done are set. Waste, things that should be done but not done. Use "all", all, all. Xing, established.

(7) It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system: Yes, then; Just ... Increase, expand. Old system: original building scale.

(8) Genus (zhǔ) writes to (yú) to record it: Genus, the same as "entrustment", entrustment. Composition, writing articles. be used for

(9) Yu Baling wins: symbol, a demonstrative pronoun, equivalent to "that". Victory, scenery, beautiful scenery.

(10) Title (xián) Distant Mountain, Swallowing Yangtze River, Haotang: Title, Cohesion. Swallow it, swallow it. Hao Hao soup (shāng): There is a lot of water. (1 1) boundless: boundless. Horizontal: Guangyuan. Edge. Edge. Boundary: edge. The difference between international and international: international refers to the land boundary and international refers to the water boundary.

(12) It is sunny in the morning and cloudy in the evening, and the weather is changeable in one day. In the morning, nouns are adverbials. Hui: Sunshine. Yin, dark. Weather, sight. Thousands, ever-changing

(13) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower: this, this. Then, just. Magnificent scenery.

(14) Previous descriptions are very detailed. What the predecessors said refers to the above-mentioned "Tang Xianshi and Modern Fu". Be prepared, detailed and complete. Alas, the modal particle "le". Yes, yes.

(15) However, it is connected with northern martial arts: However, (since) this is the case, then. North: Nouns as adverbials face north.

(16) Xiaoxiang, Antarctica: It goes directly to Xiaoxiang and Xiangshui in the south. Xiaoshui is a tributary of Xiangshui. Hunan water flows into Dongting Lake. South, south. To the extreme, to the end.

(17) Poets who have moved to other places often live here: guests who have moved, people who have been exiled. A poet or poet. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets. Will's party Yes, yes. Here, here.

(18) There is nothing unusual about seeing things: how can the feelings caused by seeing natural scenery be different? Browse, look, look. No ... anyway, is it ... maybe. Different: different.

(19) Ruofu is raining: Ruofu is a word used at the beginning of a paragraph to arouse discussion. The following "Zhi Ruo" is used at the beginning of another paragraph, causing another discussion. "Ruofu" is similar to "like that". "Zhi Ruo" is similar to "As for" and "Like" continuous rain. It's raining, and the rain (or snow) is dense. Too much sex.

(20) Opening: cleaning.

(2 1) Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying: cloudy cold. No, whistle; Turbidity, turbidity. Running for the sky in the air.

(22) The sun and stars are hidden: the sun and stars hide their brilliance. Obsidian, brilliance, light.

(23) Mountain shape: The mountain has lost its shape. Yue, a tall mountain. Stealth, latent form, tracking.

(24)Qiang: The mast is broken by backward oar. Mast. Hey, paddle. Fall, fall.

(25) Dusk: In the evening, it is very dark. Thin and approaching. Dim: A dim appearance.

(26) S: This refers to Yueyang Tower.

(27) Some people go to the countryside to feel homesick, worry and sneer: then, just. Have, produce ... (emotion). Going to my hometown, worrying and sneering: leaving Kyoto, missing my hometown, worrying about speaking ill of (others) and being afraid of criticism. Let's go. Leave. Kyoto, China. Go to the countryside and leave Kyoto, that is, leave the imperial court. Fear, fear, fear. Worry, worry. Slander, slander, absurdity, satire.

(28) Despair is everywhere, and people who feel extremely sad: desolate and depressed. Feeling, feeling. However, to the extreme, it means sequential connection.

(29) To Ruochun and Jingming: If the sun is warm in spring. Spring is harmonious and spring breeze is warm. Scenery, sunshine. Bright and bright.

(30) calm waves: calm waves. Surprise, ups and downs. It means "up" and "moving" here.

(3 1) The upper and lower sky is a blue sky: the upper and lower sky is connected with the lake, and it is green and boundless. Vast and boundless, the scope is extremely wide.

(32) Swimming in Ji Xiang, Sha Ou and Jinlin: Gulls on Sha Ou and sandbars. Ji Xiang, sometimes fly, sometimes stop. Stop, stop, the bird stops in the tree. Brocade refers to beautiful fish. Fish scale means fish. Swim: refers to floating on the water. Swimming means diving into the water.

(33) flying grass: herbs on the shore, orchids on the continent (this sentence is intertextuality). Cheese: A kind of vanilla. Ting: The water is flat.

(34) gloomy: describes lush vegetation.

(35) And the long smoke disappears: sometimes a large piece of smoke disappears completely. Or sometimes. Dragon: A blockbuster. One, all of them. Empty: dissipate.

(36) The bright moon is thousands of miles away: the bright moonlight shines thousands of miles away.

(37) Floating gold: The fluctuating light flashes gold. This is a description of water waves in the moonlight.

(38) Still shadows sink to the wall: the lake is calm, and the bright moon shines on the water, as if the jade wall sinks. Bi, Yuanyu.

(39) The fisherman answers with a song: the fisherman answers with a song. Answer, it should be with.

(40) He Ji: Where is the destination? Extreme: the end.

(4 1) Feel relaxed and happy: cheerful. Open, open. Hey, happy.

(42) Forgetting shame: the honor and disgrace have all been forgotten. Together, together. Pets, glory.

(43) Bring the wine to the front of the wind: Holding the wine in front of the wind means drinking it in the breeze. Take it. Take it. Face, face.

Yang Yang: Happy and proud.

(45) Husband: Alas. Fu is two words, both modal particles.

(46) Taste the heart of the ancients: once. Look for, explore. Ancient benevolent people, ancient noble people. Heart, thoughts, feelings.

(47) or different: perhaps it is different from the above two people's thoughts and feelings. Or, close to the meaning of "maybe" and "maybe", to put it mildly. Different from. Yes, psychological activities. Both refer to "sadness" and "joy" in the first two paragraphs.

(48) Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself: don't be happy or sad with foreign things (good or bad) and yourself (gains and losses) (this sentence is intertextuality). So, because.

(49) If you live in a high temple, you will worry about the people: if you are an official, you will worry about the people. It means to be an official in North Korea. Temple, ancestral hall. Hall, palace. Temple: refers to the imperial court. In the following, "Jin" means "staying at the height of the temple".

(50) Far away, the rivers and lakes, and near, the worries of the monarch: far away, the worries of the monarch, meaning far away from the court to be an official. The following "retreat" means "stay away from the rivers and lakes". 1. The post-attributive sign.

(5 1) Yes: Yes. Kim: Be an official in the imperial court. Retire: not to be an official in the court.

(52) They must say, "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.". They will definitely say, "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." First, before; After that, after that. Its: refers to "ancient benevolent people." Must: definitely.

(53) Wes, to whom shall we return: (If) there is no such person, who shall I go with? Micro, no. People, such people. Whoever returns is "who returns". Return, take refuge

translate

In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year (1044), Teng was demoted as the prefect of Yuezhou. In the second year, the political affairs were smooth, the people were happy, and many undertakings that had been abandoned for many years were revived.

It's over. Yueyang Tower was rebuilt and the old scale was expanded. It is engraved with poems and songs of sages and contemporary people in the Tang Dynasty. (Teng) Let (I) write an article to describe it.

I think the beauty of Baling County is concentrated on Dongting Lake. Dongting Lake is connected with the distant mountains, and it breathes the water of the Yangtze River. The waves are mighty and boundless. It turns cloudy and sunny in the morning and evening (within one day), and the scene is ever-changing. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower. It has been described in detail by predecessors. But because it leads to Wuxia Gorge in the north and Xiaoxiang River in the south, officials who have been demoted far away and poets who come and go from south to north mostly meet here. The feeling caused by seeing natural scenery will probably be different, right?

If it is rainy and dense, sometimes there is no sunny day for the whole month, the cold wind howls, the turbid waves soar into the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars cover their brilliance, and the mountains disappear; Businessmen and passengers couldn't get through, the mast fell and the paddle was broken; At night, it is dark, tigers are whistling and apes are crying. When you climb Yueyang Tower, you will feel that you have left Beijing, miss your hometown, worry about speaking ill of others, and fear criticism. Your eyes are full of depression and your feelings are extremely sad.

As for the days when the spring breeze is warm and the sun shines high, the lake is calm and the sky is green and boundless; Sha Ou sometimes flies and sometimes stops, and beautiful fish swim around in the lake; The grass on the lakeshore and the orchid on the sandbar are rich in fragrance and lush in vegetation. Sometimes, a large area of smoke completely dissipates, the bright moonlight pours away, and the water waves shine with golden light; When there is no wind, the quiet moon image is a piece of jade that sinks into the water, echoing the fisherman's song. How can such fun be endless! When you climb the Yueyang Tower, you will feel open-minded and cheerful, forget the gains and losses of honor and disgrace, raise a glass to welcome the breeze and be beaming!

Alas! I have explored the thoughts of ancient nobles, which may be different from the above two moods. Why? They will not be unhappy because of the quality of foreign objects and personal gains and losses; People who are officials in the imperial court are worried about the people; People who are not court officials are worried about the king. In this way, I am also worried about being an official in the DPRK and being in opposition for the people. In that case, when will you be happy? So do we have to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later"? Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?

Written in Li Qing on September 15th, 6th (1046).

idiom

"Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world": Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world. Metaphor is to suffer first, then enjoy.

Bright Moon Thousands of Miles: The bright moonlight shines on the lake thousands of miles away.

"don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself": don't be happy or sad because of the quality of foreign things and your own gains and losses.

"Relaxed and happy": describes an open mind and a cheerful spirit: openness; Yi: Happy.

Weather: Weather: Scenes. Describe a magnificent and diverse scene or thing.

"Political integrity and harmony": government decrees are smooth and people's hearts are United; Describe national stability and people's happiness.

"All kinds of waste are booming": Many abandoned businesses have been started again. Now, the standard word form is "Everything is thriving".

"Hao Hao Tang": Hao Hao. Refers to the magnificent appearance of water.

Twilight: It gets dark in the evening.

"Dripping": describes the continuous drizzle.

"Spring": The spring breeze is warm and sunny.

Calm down: the scenery of Yueyang Tower when the mountain is calm. Now, the general saying is "No matter what happens, you won't be confused or surprised.

"A blue sky": endless green. Well, it's very extensive.

"Zhilanting": vanilla on the shore, orchid on the mainland.

"Love and forget": it doesn't matter whether you are favored or humiliated. Often refers to an understanding and detached attitude.

Word explanation

polysemy

Husband:

1) wins in Baling.

2) Don't translate if you are attacked by your husband.

3) A few days later, the husband snored to his husband.

View:

1) See the victory of Guanfu Baling

2) This grand view of Yueyang Tower is also magnificent.

Extremely:

1) connects Wuxia in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south.

2) It is a pleasure to float on the gold and sink in the wall, and answer each other's fishing songs.

3) People who feel extremely sad are extremely sad.

Go to:

1) Go homesick and leave.

2) The distance from Xishu to Nanhai

3) Leave the committee and run away.

Or:

1. Sometimes you run out of cigarettes.

2。 Or different. Maybe.

Empty:

1。 Turbid waves cleared the sky.

2. The long smoke disappeared.

By:

1. Smooth and clean management

2, Beiguan Wuxia leads to

Flexible use of parts of speech

1. Everything is abandoned (verb as noun, abandoned business)

Worry about the world first (noun as adverbial, former ...)

3. Happy after the world (noun as adverbial, after ...)

4. Teng stayed in Baling County (noun as verb, chief)

5. Worry and ridicule (nouns as verbs speak ill of others)

6. Tang Xian's poems are engraved on it (adjectives are nouns, wise men)

7. Brocade swimming (brocade instead of fish)

Different meanings of ancient and modern times

1. Countless weather (ancient meaning: state of affairs; Today's meaning: weather changes)

2. Weiss (ancient meaning: if there is no; Meaning: tiny)

3. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Today: Look)

4. Boundless horizon (ancient: Guangyuan; Today: as opposed to "vertical")

5. Turbid waves are empty (ancient: rushing into the sky; Today: all removed)

6. Yu Guanfu Baling Shengge (ancient: demonstrative pronoun, indicating far finger, equivalent to "that"; Today: husband, wife)

7. Preparation of predecessors (ancient: present details: preparation)

8. Add its old system (ancient: scale today: system)

Main idea

Through the analysis and discussion of the happy or sad mood of moving guests, this paper expresses the author's broad mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad with himself" and his political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", so as to encourage friends and warn himself.

theme

"Dongting is the water of the world, and Yueyang is the building of the world." When it comes to Yueyang Tower, people will naturally think of Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister throughout the ages, and The Story of Yueyang Tower.

When I think of the sentence that shows Fan Zhongyan's broad mind, "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", I will also praise his political ambition and life attitude of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". It can be said that people pay too much attention to Fan Zhongyan, and few people think of Teng, who has made great contributions. Not only self-encouragement, but also encouragement with friends.

The influence of later generations

Influence permeates the history books and has become one of the ideas of governing the country for thousands of years. Political affairs are accessible and people's hearts are harmonious, which has become the ideal realm pursued by countless future generations. There is a saying in later generations: "Those who govern well will show their feelings when they are hidden by the people." "People who rule the people will not be separated when the tide turns." The core of "friendship between superiors and subordinates" rather than "estrangement" is the word "communication", which shows the key to "political integrity and harmony"

Understanding of the article

1. What are the characteristics of this article's conception and conception?

According to historical records, Teng asked Fan Zhongyan to take notes, especially attaching a picture of the Dongting in late autumn, and said, "Mountains and rivers are not obvious unless there is a view of the building, and it won't be long before you visit the building." However, The Story of Yueyang Tower transcends the narrow scope of simply writing landscapes and buildings, and integrates the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain or shine and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving guests", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. The whole article seems to be rambling, but in fact it is of great significance. Teng and Fan Zhongyan are both scholars on the list (in the eighth year of the auspicious symbol of Dazhong, that is, AD 10 15), and they are very friendly. Teng was accused of using public funds without authorization and was demoted. He was "angry and depressed" when he arrived in Yuezhou. Others celebrated the completion of Yueyang Tower, but he replied, "How successful?" Just a few more games. "It can be seen that his mood is extremely low. Fan Zhongyan took the opportunity of taking notes, implicitly and tactfully advised him to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself", and tried to infect his old friends with his feelings of salvation and optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" This is the fate of this paper, and it also determines the style of combining narrative with discussion.

2. How to understand "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"?

Fan Zhongyan lost his father in his childhood and lived in poverty, but he studied hard and had little ambition. According to "History of Song Dynasty", he made an oath that "it is not his husband's lifelong ambition to disadvantage others" from an early age. The epitaph written by Ouyang Xiu also said: "There are few big festivals in the public, and the poor and rich are ruined. They don't move their hearts, but they are interested in the world. I often say to myself,' a scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world.' "It can be seen that the sentence" Worry about the world first, and be happy after the world "is Fan Zhongyan's heartfelt words since childhood, and it is widely known through the article" Yueyang Tower ". The source of the thought of "taking care of the world first and enjoying it" is the benevolence thought of Confucianism. Mencius once said: "People are happy when they are happy; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Happiness is in the world, worry is in the world, not the king, nothing. " (Mencius, Hui Liang, Wang Xia) Fan Zhongyan further developed the idea of "worrying about the world first" into "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", that is, transcending personal worries, taking the world as his own responsibility, taking the benefit of the people as the purpose, remedying deficiencies and making positive progress. For this reason, we must not be moved by external things, neither the light and shade of nature nor the hardships of social environment can shake our faith. Fan Zhongyan has been practicing this belief in his political career. For example, in the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), 30-year-old Fan Zhongyan was still in charge of a small secretary cabinet school that was not qualified to remonstrate, and wrote a letter to prevent Emperor Song Renzong from leading hundreds of officials to make incense to the Queen Mother for birthday; In the second year, she directly wrote to Zhang Xian to go back to the government and abdicate ── Zhang Xian was the one who listened to politics, was in power, and was "the one who didn't dare to speak". Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing and didn't come back until three years later. For another example, in the third year of Jing (1036), Fan Zhongyan went to the "official map" and accused the prime minister of cronyism and appointment of officials, but he was falsely accused of "exceeding his authority, recommending cronies, and being reprimanded, and even Ouyang Xiu and others who were unfair to him were demoted. Fan Zhongyan's official career has been ups and downs for decades, and he has been demoted several times, but he has never changed to be an official, worrying about the country and the people. He used his salary to buy a thousand acres of "beneficial fields" in his hometown to help the poor, but he was poor all his life, so that when he died, he "had nothing to worry about, and his son had nothing to worry about." Pleading for the people and worrying about the country and the people are the concrete embodiment of Fan Zhongyan's spirit of "worrying about the world first and worrying about the world later".

3. What is the function of the combination of narrative, scenery description, discussion and lyricism?

The whole article is only 368 words, but it is rich in content and emotion. It naturally integrates narrative, scenery description, discussion and lyricism, which not only explains the whole story, but also describes the scenery of the lake. There are both profound discussions by Jingjing and melancholy lyricism. Remember the building, remember the story, and put your mind on it. The author is also good at controlling complexity with simplicity and subtly changing content and writing. For example, the sentence "predecessors prepare" brings countless narratives, the sentence "nature" leads to "seeing things", the topic of discussion starts with "or different", and so on, and narrative romance has entered the realm.

4. How are the sentences in this article combined with parallel prose?

This essay is mainly composed of single-line prose sentences, interspersed with parallel short sentences, which is fluent and concise. The use of prose parallel prose varies according to the content of the article. For example, the narrative text at the beginning and end uses loose sentences, which are solemn and simple; The sentences describing the scenery in the middle mostly use parallelism sentences, with colorful words and harmonious phonology; Lyric paragraph ("Fu" paragraph) also uses loose sentences, which are cadenced and varied. In this way, parallel prose alternates, narrative and discussion are combined, and it is gentle and has a strong artistic appeal.

5. "Gu Renren" in the article is an ideal figure in the author's mind, but it may not exist in reality. So why does the author talk about this non-existent character?

Combined with the background of the author's exile at that time, it is obvious that "Gu Ren" is also the author's ideal in some cases. What the author puts forward is "don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself." The ideal state should also be consistent with the firm will and unshakable character of "ancient benevolent people" It also shows that the realm of such people is not sad or happy, and there are advances and retreats. So talk about this character in the article.

6. The two words that express the joy of the guests and poets are: relaxed and happy, selfless and humiliating.

7. The two words that express the sadness of the poet who moved are: homesickness in the countryside, worry and sneer.

8. The rhetoric of the sentence "Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Li Jing swims" is dual and metonymy.

9. General writing: Yu Baling wins the case, in Dongting Lake.

10. Biting (xián) the distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River and making soup (shāng) are all descriptions of space.

1 1. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. Function: connecting the preceding with the following.

Paragraph meaning of the article

The first paragraph: ① Explain the writing background; (2) The reasons for rebuilding Yueyang Tower are described.

The second paragraph: from the grand view of Yueyang Tower to the mood of going upstairs to see things.

The third paragraph: those who look sad.

The fourth paragraph: people who like to see things.

The fifth paragraph: point out the main idea of the article and express the author's political ideal and ambition: worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

Famous sentences through the ages

Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself.

Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.