In which city in England is Oxford University?

Simplicity, tranquility and simplicity are the first impressions that Oxford leaves for tourists. Oxford University Town is located about 60 miles northwest of London.

It takes two hours to drive from London to Oxford, and the scenery on both sides of this road fully shows the richness and cleanliness of the English countryside. Except endless grasslands and crops. Villages with spires, red tiles, white walls and black wood beams and columns are scattered in the distance.

Next to the farmhouse, cattle and horses graze, flocks of sheep, and the grassland is leisurely. The whole grassland is dotted with sparse tall and old trees, which has become a unique landscape of "naturalism" in gardening.

Such picturesque scenery itself has become the object of sightseeing. Throughout the year, tourists from all over the world shuttle through ancient alleys, and lively music and drama activities attract countless art lovers. Standing quietly on the street corner next to the church cemetery, the whole town presents a quiet landscape where history and modern civilization blend together.

In the Middle Ages, Oxford was an important ferry on the Thames. The so-called Tianjin means ferry, hence the name of the town. Oxford was located in the center of southern England, so it became the land hub at that time. Here gradually formed a prosperous and lively Nanchuan Beimaji City. Although the ferry no longer exists, the old ferry site at that time still often lingers with lively tourists. The boats floating on the river, the punting of men and women, and the crowded tourists on the embankment can better outline the prosperity of the ferry.

Oxford and Cambridge are famous all over the world. Their special status not only comes from the upper class in Britain, but also has a long history and a unique academic system. In British society, the word Oxford stands for the abbreviation of the second school. In the eight-century history of Oxford University, countless outstanding talents have indeed been cultivated. Politically, there are thirteen British prime ministers, from Oxford, and even the contemporary Margaret Thatcher. Although Niu and Jane are as famous as each other, the two schools don't respect each other, which also reflects the "arrogance" mentality prevalent in the British people in Great Britain. The annual boat race between Niujiao and the school is a portrayal of strength.

The organization of Oxford University is quite complicated and difficult to understand. This is mainly because the word "university" has a different meaning from what we usually know. It is true that the British call it "Oxford University". On the map of Oxford, we can't find the fixed boundary of the university campus, but we see different colleges in different regions. In Oxford, if you want to ask, "Where is Oxford University?" No one has to answer it. When English people mention Oxford, they should hold their heads high, lift their faces and recite "Ox-Ford" solemnly. O must be round and heavy to show respect, which is a respect for academics.

The founding story of Oxford University is quite vivid. According to local people, Oxford University was founded in 1 167, when Henry II ordered the recall of British students studying in Paris. Because he hopes: "England will not lack outstanding talents who serve God and the country." In order to accommodate the recalled students, Oxford University was established. In other words, the establishment of Oxford University seems to be due to the early "brain drain" problem.

British people use different English pronunciations and words from Americans. Even in the four major regions of Britain, there are great differences in sound. After listening to the Irish, it is not difficult to imagine where the American accent evolved; The accents of Scots and Welsh people are very special to foreigners, especially the English of Welsh people is not easy to understand. English is easy for English people to understand, but there are still subtle differences in pronunciation between cities in England. However, it is not easy for foreigners who are new to Britain to find this. Generally speaking, British pronunciation is divided into southern pronunciation and northern pronunciation. Now Southern accent is considered as the standard tone, and BBC announcers all speak Southern accent.

In addition, there is the so-called King English, that is, English used by the royal family and nobles. Its pronunciation and words are slightly different from those spoken by ordinary people. Just like listening to Peiping people speak Mandarin, most people can't learn it. Even if they have the talent to learn that accent, it is ridiculous. There is also the so-called Oxford-Cambridge accent in academic circles, which refers to the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Although it is not appropriate, the words used together are very different.

At present, Oxford University consists of thirty-five colleges and five permanent private halls established by the church. Except for the limited number of graduate students in seven colleges, the other 28 colleges and five permanent private colleges all enroll undergraduates (or part-time graduate students). Some of these colleges only accept boys (such as O'Rear) or girls (such as St Hilda, St Hugh and Somerville), but most of them accept them. As far as the colleges themselves are concerned, they all have quite independent management rights. The college formulates its own rules, raises necessary funds and recruits students of its own choice. However, anyone who wants to study at Oxford University must obtain the consent of both the university departments and colleges, which is regarded as a formal admission requirement and a major feature of Oxford and Cambridge.

The biggest function of the college is to take care of students' accommodation, arrange various sports and group social activities, and assign tutors to take care of students. Due to the different financial conditions of various colleges, some colleges are relatively rich, with vast venues and good equipment or welfare, such as guest houses, libraries and research rooms.

The role of the university is mainly to represent the college, arrange lectures and seminars throughout the school, and issue diplomas uniformly. So in essence, the relationship between students and their colleges far exceeds that of universities.

The main function of colleges is to provide accommodation and tutors, so each college has its own field of specialization, which limits the departments where applicants study. Because each college has different teachers, different enrollment and different stay time. Nuffield University, for example, is mainly engaged in social sciences, and only enrolls 25 graduate students every year. However, once every graduate student is admitted, he is equipped with a research room and books and equipment are quite complete. The college is called the richest college in the school.

When applying for admission to Oxford University, there is a column on the application form asking the applicant to choose four colleges in order of priority. Whether this sequential relationship can be admitted to the school. If the more famous institutions are ranked behind other institutions, the chances of admission will be greatly reduced. Therefore, before filling out the application form, you must read the introduction of Oxford University in detail and apply for your major. It's best to get in touch with experts and professors in the college in advance and send your research plan and published articles together. If you can win the favor of college professors, it means that you will be admitted to the school, and professors will naturally take the initiative to ask the Oxford College Office to accept you as a graduate student. At the same time, this good relationship between teachers and students will be more conducive to the smooth progress of future research work.

Courses for Oxford students are mainly conducted in two ways: one is the arrangement of classroom teaching, and the college provides tutors. Of course, teachers from several colleges have also been hired as university professors to offer courses on a certain subject for students from various colleges to choose from. When students apply for admission, the application documents are generally reviewed by professors of related disciplines in various colleges. And one of the professors will be the tutor of students' professional courses in the future. This is the most famous tutorial system in British education.

During the semester, the tutor meets the students once a week. In each class, students must prepare a research experience or paper for the bibliography or assigned questions. In the process of discussion between teachers and students, students read it first, and then the tutor, or another tutor who participates in the discussion, debates and discusses the arguments of the article. According to a professor, the spirit of tutorial system is to train students' logical thinking and on-the-spot reaction ability. At the same time, for Oxford students with intensive semester system, it is even more necessary for tutors to keep abreast of students' learning situation.

British bachelor's degree or above can basically be distinguished by the way of further studies: one is through courses, which can include certificates, diplomas and master's degrees; The other is research, including master's degree and doctor's degree.

Master's degree courses are arranged for one or two years, and the more common degree names are mainly MA and MSc. MA in Oxford and Cambridge do not need special re-admission to study courses, and MA degrees are also awarded to college graduates who pay a little certificate fee after a certain period of time (three years).

At least two years for research-oriented master's degree and at least three years for doctoral degree. In other words, you need to be registered in the school for at least three years before you can submit your thesis. For those who originally aimed at a master's degree and then studied for a doctorate, their master's study periods can often be combined. In addition, anyone who studies for a master's degree, if the tutor is satisfied, can apply to transfer to a doctor after studying for a master's degree for one year, and the first year of study can be added to the doctoral study period. As for its research degree titles, the more common ones are M. Phil and Ph.D (or D. Phil), and the research master's degree in Oxford University is M. Litt. Master of Arts. As for the doctor of literature (D. Litt. ) and Doctor of Science (DSc), usually awarded to people who have made outstanding contributions in various fields, belong to one of the advanced doctors and sometimes have the nature of honorary degrees.

The total number of students in various colleges of Oxford University is about 12000, including about 9000 undergraduates and 5400 faculty members. The main managers of universities are all selected from professors and researchers in Oxford itself. The principal is an honorary post, and the actual administrative work is presided over by the principal.

The president is elected by the colleges in turn for a term of four years. The Senate, composed of all Oxford graduates, is responsible for electing each president. The actual administrative supervision and suggestion work is the responsibility of the faculty and staff meeting. 18 members of the Executive Committee (Hebdomadal Council) are elected by the General Assembly and meet twice a week to decide the development direction of the school together with the school administrators.

The dean of the university is also elected by the college in turn. As an extra reward for being the dean, you can get all the books published by the publishing department of Oxford University during your tenure, and you can also add black shoulder straps to their academic robes for life to show the school's gratitude for their work. In addition, the campus police in universities are nicknamed "bulldogs" by students. When they perform their work, they still wear traditional hats, which are quite antique. The school police are responsible to the president of the university.

At present, three-quarters of Oxford University's funds come from the British government. The rest of the economic needs come from colleges and donations. Colleges often require students to share according to their actual financial burden and deficit, and the amount is often as high as one or two thousand pounds. The financial department of the school is called the university public welfare fund because the early university bookkeepers put money in a small iron box. Until now, the administrative center of the university, Williamson Square, still retains a symbolic small iron box. It is quite convenient for students to write a check in the pigeon hole according to the amount listed by the college, instead of paying in the financial accounting department.

It is almost impossible to visit these forty universities one by one. Each college has its glorious history and mythical architectural relics, which can depict all kinds of interesting historical facts. When you first arrive in Oxford, you will feel that every college is like those shabby old temples all over China. When you enter the door, you will feel lonely and desolate. Each college is actually a dormitory, a research room and a general office, where students live together and learn from each other, just like a medieval monastery, which also reflects the strong nostalgia of Oxford people.

There are still many colleges in Oxford University that maintain the style of monasteries at that time. For example, there are ordinary seats and high tables in the restaurant. Unless you are a professor, senior member or visiting scholar, you are not allowed to take this course. In addition, there are senior common rooms, intermediate common rooms or senior common rooms. General graduate students or researchers can't sit with professors or senior researchers, unless they agree, they will be deported. Some colleges also stipulate that black robes must be worn in class, and formal examinations, opening ceremonies or graduation ceremonies are all very cumbersome to maintain the old rules of the early Middle Ages, which also sets off the division of British social classes and retains the traditional style.

Radcliffe Square is the center of university celebrations and various cultural activities. It is the center of the whole ancient city, far away from the noise of the main streets. There are three or two pedestrians in Brasenose Lane on the red brick ground nearby, and the trees cover the sky, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. St Mary's church is located in the south of the square. /kloc-before the 0/7th century, major school celebrations and concerts were held here. On the west side of the square is Brasenose College, which was built in 1509. When the college was founded, it was named after a bronze "lion nose buckle knocker" on the gate. There is a sapphire sundial clock in the sky at the main entrance of the college. However, due to the cloudy days in England, I haven't seen the sun shadow on the clock several times in a summer. Some people say: "Britain has only climate, but no weather." It's no exaggeration. It is common to see snow, rain and even the sun in a day.

The west corner of the square was built by the seminary in the15th century, and was used as a seminar classroom in the university in the early days. Has it been changed into a university library now? Reading room of bodlian library. The university library has more than 4 million books, ranking second in Britain, second only to the British Library. Most importantly, there are many manuscripts of famous articles and music in the library. These manuscripts are put in exquisite glass cabinets for people to watch. However, when each visitor finished reading it, the managers immediately covered it with black flannel, which showed their love for the protection of antiquities. What is the main venue of the university's celebration activities at present? Sheldon Theatre is located in the north of the square. Around the 17th century, due to the clergy of St Mary's Church, there were too many protests in the church, which affected the cleanliness of the church. So in 1669, Archbishop Sheldon, then president of the university, raised funds to build this theater. Opposite the theater is Blackwell Bookstore, the second largest bookstore in the world, where you can buy or mail-order books from all over the world.