Where is the country with the largest rice yield in the world?

Usually, the rice eaten at home is grown from rice. Since it involves eating, we should ask the country with the largest rice yield in the world. The following is the country with the largest rice yield in the world, which I compiled for you. I hope you like it.

The country with the largest rice yield in the world

Although India is the country with the largest sown area in the world, our country is China.

China is a big rice producer in the world, ranking second in rice planting area, first in total output and tenth in single output. In 28, the rice production in China was 193 million tons.

the importance of rice

rice is one of the three major food crops in the world and the most important food crop in China.

Rice is a grain variety with the largest sown area, the largest total yield and the highest single yield in China, and has always been in a dominant position in grain production and consumption. In the past 3 years, the rice area accounted for about 3% of the total grain area in China, and the rice output accounted for about 4% of the total grain output, 45% of the total grain output and 5% of the commercial grain.

the significance of grain is self-evident, and the important role of rice is enormous. As a food crop, rice has excellent quality and contains a lot of starch. In addition, 6. 5-9% of protein, although not as much as wheat and corn, is easy to digest because of its high biological price, which is comparable to soybean protein. Therefore, it can be said that nutrition is still rich. Its outstanding feature is exquisite quality, and it is flour and rice that people like. The starch grains of rice are small, and the diameter of potato starch grains is 7-1 microns; Wheat 3-45; Corn 15-35; Rice 3-1. Moreover, rice contains only 2.2% crude fiber; Barley 7.5%; Corn 5,5%; Wheat 3.%. In the west, people think that rice is a kind of beauty food. In addition, the by-products of rice also have many uses. Rice bran can be used to extract oil and is also an excellent concentrate feed.

Rice is not only widely used, but also has excellent production characteristics. It is a famous high-yield crop, and it is common to produce more than 1, kilograms per mu. Generally, rice grows below the water layer, and its growth conditions are very stable. Rice itself has aeration tissue, or partially meets the oxygen requirements of the root system, which alleviates the contradiction between the three phases of soil, and is generally not affected by the weather, and there are few droughts and floods. People can promote the control of rice by irrigation and fertilization, which is convenient for high-yield cultivation. Moreover, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice are relatively coordinated, with little contradiction and high economic coefficient, with rice accounting for about 5%, corn accounting for 25-4%, wheat accounting for 3-4% and soybean accounting for only 2%.

Rice is a pleomorphic plant with wide adaptability. All kinds of soil can grow rice as long as there is water. Lin Zexu said that "all fields can be cultivated with water" rice is a pioneer crop for improving saline-alkali land, and its economic value is also high, which is an important means to increase income and improve people's lives.

Main classification of rice

As rice is the main food crop of human beings, it is known that there may be more than 14, kinds of rice in the world at present, and scientists are constantly researching and developing new rice varieties, so it is difficult to estimate the number of rice varieties. African rice and Asian rice are classified, but the simpler classification is based on the starch content of rice. Rice starch can be divided into straight chain and branched chain. The more amylopectin, the higher the viscosity after cooking.

Indica rice and japonica rice

indica rice: about 2% is amylose. Genus viscosity. Indica rice originated in the subtropical zone, planted in tropical and subtropical areas, with short growth period and can be matured many times a year in places with long frost-free period. After hulling, indica rice has a slender appearance and low transparency. Some varieties have red skins, such as Redmi produced in Jiangxi, China. After cooking, the rice is dry and loose. Usually used for radish cake, rice flour and fried rice.

Japonica rice: The amylose content of japonica rice is less than 15%. Cultivated in temperate and cold regions, it has a long growing period and generally ripens only once a year. After hulling into japonica rice, some varieties with round and short appearance and transparent rice grains have regional powdery quality. Cooking characteristics are between glutinous rice and indica rice. Use for general rice.

indica rice and japonica rice are two climatic ecotypes formed by long-term adaptation to different ecological conditions, especially temperature conditions, and there are obvious differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between them. Among the rice-producing countries in the world, only China has both indica rice and japonica rice, and its geographical distribution is obvious. Indica rice is mainly concentrated in tropical south China and subtropical lowlands south of Huaihe River in China, and its distribution range is narrower than that of japonica rice. Indica rice has the habit of heat resistance and strong light resistance, and its botanical characteristics are slender grain shape, poor viscosity of rice, rough and hairy leaves, sparse and short hairs on the shell and easy to drop grains, which are similar to wild rice. Therefore, indica rice is a wild rice. It is a basic type. Japonica rice is widely distributed, ranging from the alpine mountain area in the south, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Qinling Mountains and the vast area north of Huaihe River. Japonica rice has the characteristics of cold tolerance and weak light tolerance, short and round grain shape, strong sticky rice quality, little or no hair on the leaves, long and dense glume, and is not easy to drop grains, which is quite different from wild rice. Therefore, it can be said that japonica rice is a variant of human beings who gradually adapt to low temperature after introducing indica rice from south to north and from low to high.

early, middle and late rice

the fundamental difference among early, middle and late rice lies in the different responses to light. Early and middle rice are not sensitive to light, and they can mature normally in all seasons of the year. Late rice is very sensitive to short sunshine, so it is strictly required that it can pass the light stage under the condition of short sunshine, heading and fruiting. Late rice is very similar to wild rice, which is a basic type formed by the direct evolution of wild rice, while early and middle rice are variants formed by the differentiation of late rice under different temperature and light conditions. The rice in the northern rice area belongs to early rice or middle rice.

rice and upland rice

rice is planted in paddy field and upland rice is planted in dry land. The morphological difference between upland rice and upland rice is small, but the physiological difference is great. Both water and upland rice have aeration tissues, but upland rice seeds need less water, have strong water absorption and germinate faster; The stem and leaf of upland rice have developed protective tissue and strong heat resistance; The root system is developed, the root hair is much, and it has strong adaptability to water reduction. Upland rice can be planted in dry land or in water. Some varieties can be cultivated as upland rice, but the yield of upland rice is generally low, and upland rice is gradually replaced by rice. Only a small amount of upland rice is cultivated in northern rice areas.

Non-glutinous rice and glutinous rice

Glutinous rice: The content of amylopectin is close to 1%, and it has the highest viscosity, which can be divided into japonica glutinous rice and indica glutinous rice. The appearance of japonica glutinous rice is round and short, while that of indica glutinous rice is slender and the color is white and opaque, and the cooked rice is soft and sticky. Usually, glutinous rice is used for wine making and rice cakes, while glutinous rice is used for eight-treasure porridge and zongzi.

Non-glutinous rice is the staple food in China, and glutinous rice is used for making cakes or making wine. The main difference between them lies in the viscosity of rice grains. The viscosity of glutinous rice is strong, while that of non-glutinous rice is weak. The viscosity is mainly determined by the starch structure. The starch structure of glutinous rice is mainly amylopectin, while non-glutinous rice contains more amylose. When starch is dissolved in iodine solution, the starch turns blue because of the high iodine absorption of non-glutinous rice, while the iodine absorption of glutinous rice is small, and the starch turns brown-red. Generally, waxy rice has stronger cold tolerance and drought tolerance than non-waxy rice.

In addition, in the taxonomy of rice, there are rice and upland rice according to the cultivation method of rice and the amount of water demand during the growing period. Upland rice, also known as upland rice, is a kind of rice planted in dry land with rain or only a small amount of irrigation. The irrigation amount is only 1/4 ~ 1/1 of that of rice. It is suitable for planting in low-lying and waterlogged dry land, mountainous areas with more rain and rice areas with insufficient water or energy.

upland rice and rice

To understand rice, the most basic method is to distinguish it according to the conditions needed for rice growth, that is, water irrigation, so rice can be divided into rice and upland rice. However, most of the institutions that study rice farming are aimed at rice, and the proportion of upland rice is small.

upland rice, also known as upland rice, is similar to the main rice varieties, including indica and japonica subspecies. Some rice can be planted directly in dry land but with less yield, and can also be planted in paddy field. Upland rice has a strong drought resistance, even if it lacks water irrigation, it can bear ears on barren land. There are many kinds of upland rice in mountainous areas with scarce rainfall, and many special mountain rice varieties have evolved because of different regions. At present, upland rice has become an important research direction of artificial hybrid rice, which can help farmers save irrigation water.

It is said that the earliest upland rice may be Zhancheng rice. China's ancient book "Shihuozhi" once recorded, "The emissary took 3, hectares of rice from Fujian and distributed it to the three roads for planting. * * * Those who are highly cultivated in the field are drowned, and the upland rice is also covered ... The rice is longer than the China, and the grain difference is small, so it is born indiscriminately." However, there is still controversy at present, because scholars suspect that Zhancheng rice may be a dry rice, not the earliest dry rice, in terms of regional climate.

artificial rice

referring to artificial rice, in 1973, Yuan Longping successfully produced the first hybrid rice in the world by scientific methods, so it was called the father of hybrid rice. After four years of research, he led the team to explore hundreds of rice seeds in the world and gained his own experience in self-pollination of rice seeds. Yuan Longping thought that wild rice was not necessarily self-pollinated. He found a wild rice called "wild barnyard grass" in Hainan Island, and successfully bred some combined rice seeds with existing rice. These rice combinations can't pollinate themselves, but rely on the stamens of the rice seeds of other plants, but the yield is twice as high as that of the original rice. However, in the first few years, although the amount of new rice cultivated increased, and most of them had no pollen, which met the needs of new varieties, some of them had pollen, which could produce the next generation, and the amount of rice was not abundant; But Yuan Longping didn't give up. By the ninth year, tens of thousands of new rice plants had no pollen, which met the requirements of new varieties, namely, three-line hybrid rice in Yuan Longping.

see: hybrid rice, super hybrid rice.

Distribution range of rice

The northernmost limit of rice growth is Huma, Heilongjiang Province, China. However, the main growing areas are southern China, Taiwan Province, Japan,

Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Mediterranean coast in southern Europe, the southeastern United States, Central America, Oceania and parts of Africa, and rice is also planted along the river in northern China. In other words, rice grows in almost all places except Antarctica.

according to statistics in 23, the rice production in the world reached 589 million tons. There are 534 million tons of production in Asia alone. The total area of rice fields in the world can reach 1.5 million square kilometers. At present, the largest rice exporter is Thailand.

production covers all continents except Antarctica.

China is the origin country of rice cultivation in the world. According to the discovery of ancient cultivated rice in Yuchanyan, Daoxian County in 1993, it has a history of 14,-18, years.

China's famous station rice is mainly produced in Tianjin. It was successfully planted in the station area when Yuan Shikai was training at the station. Later, it became today's station rice after being improved by Li's landlord Gao Zhuangzi in the southern suburbs of Tianjin. It tasted good and became one of the main food products in Tianjin. However, it was once stopped as a four-old variety for a long time, and was planted in a large area in the southern suburbs of Tianjin after the reform and opening up.