Read a solar term poem? Grain in Ear

The order should be a kind of mango.

Shuzhi stopped and looked at Sandy.

Li He heard the song and put it in front of the drum.

Once a thousand hectares, a long day is like a year.

Miscanthus is the solar term for transplanting rice. This poem describes the scene of farmers transplanting rice before and after awning. The author who wrote this poem "Transplanting Rice" was one of the most unlikely people in the world at that time.

Who is it? Yong Zhengdi.

Not familiar with him? Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, was a prince of harmony.

Don't know him yet? Later, Yong Zhengdi was the father of Emperor Qianlong.

Still don't know him? All right. In the TV series Empresses in the Palace, Sun Li's husband, Chen Jianbin, plays the first hero.

Now, are you familiar with it?

When the order is to plant awns, farmers plant them in the sky: when the season comes to the awn solar term, farmers should transplant rice seedlings.

Sandy: In a short time, the planted saplings were divided into neat rows, and when you stood there, you saw a lush scene.

Li He listens to the song, before listening to the drum: everyone takes the song as the number, and Qi Xin works together. Before the drums sounded, the fields were full of seedlings.

Once a thousand hectares, the day is as long as a year: at present, it is the longest day in a year. According to this work momentum, we can plant thousands of hectares of rice fields a day.

Yong Zhengdi's poem is about transplanting rice seedlings. Including this "transplanting rice seedlings", he wrote 23 poems similar to farming.

The titles of these 23 poems are: soaking seeds, ploughing, harrowing, ploughing, planting seedlings, initial planting, silting, pulling out seedlings, transplanting, initial planting, second planting, third planting and irrigation.

Twenty-three poems are connected in series, including soaking seeds, transplanting rice seedlings, ploughing and irrigation, harvesting rice ears, sieving, entering rice warehouses and finally offering sacrifices to the gods. The whole process is a complete process of cultivating rice.

In addition to 23 poems about ploughing, Yin Zhen also wrote 23 poems about the whole textile process, such as bathing silkworms, picking mulberry, selecting cocoons, weaving and cutting clothes.

In fact, Yin Zhen's poetic prosperity this time is due to the fact that there are pictures in every labor link of the above farming and weaving. He wrote these 46 poems for these pictures. Each painting is accompanied by a poem, with a total of 46 pictures and 46 poems, which are called "Plowing Picture 23" and "Weaving Picture 23". Roughly speaking, it is equivalent to the picture books and comics we have seen.

Transplanting is the tenth poem in Twenty-three Ploughs.

It should be noted that there are two versions of the poem "transplanting rice seedlings" that we saw today, and the difference is quite big. For example, in the first sentence, in the original picture of the Palace Museum, we can clearly see that it is "phenology such as mango, farmer or field"; However, in the Chronological Imperial Examination, which was collected in the Complete Book of Wen Yuan Gusku in the Qing Dynasty, it became "the order is like mango, and the agriculture is inserted into the sky."

How come there are two different versions of the same poem "Transplanting Rice": 1.0 and 2.0? Obviously, "Twenty-three Ploughs" came out first, and it was 1.0 version; Imperial Examination came out late, and it was an upgraded version of 2.0. Considering that Yin Zhen became a prince first and then an emperor, no one dared to change his poems. Then, the 2.0 version of the poem "Transplanting Rice Seedlings" that we saw today is probably the revision and polishing of this poem by himself.

In the remaining 45 poems, there are also many titles with the same 2.0 upgrade problem.

From the poem "Transplanting Rice Seedlings", we can also see that Yin Zhen, an old grandfather, likes to use reduplication when writing poems. For example, "Zheng" and "Sandy" in Shu Zhi Zheng, stop watching Sandy.

In fact, it is not only the poem "Transplanting Rice", but also Yin Zhen's 46 poems "Farming and Weaving", which are repeated 50 times in one * * *! For example, Yi Yun's "Four hooves listen to the living, ten hectares face each other", Weaving "Full of rain and slender leaves", and Autumn Insect's "charming girl sleeps and cries".

Judging from the use of reduplicated words, Yin Zhen's poems are not vulgar. He clearly knows that proper use of reduplicated words can not only make poetry catchy and full of melodic beauty, but also make poetry more accurate and vivid when writing landscapes.

From the 46 Poems of Farming and Weaving, we can see that although Yin Zhen is your prince, he is unlikely to engage in agricultural textiles personally in practice, but he is very familiar with every specific link of agricultural textiles in theory. Besides, we can also see from this poem that Yin Zhen praised agriculture and cherished food and clothes.

one

When writing the poem "Transplanting Rice Seedlings", Yin Zhen was already the Prince Yong of the Qing Dynasty.

Moreover, when he wrote "Farming Poetry", he had to find someone to draw his own pictures and write his own poems. As a prince, he worked so hard, so hard. Why?

Of course, it can also be understood that he has a strong idea of attaching importance to agriculture, worrying about agriculture, loving agriculture and being pro-agriculture, so he does this. However, I wrote 46 poems with great concentration, just because I value agriculture, care about agriculture, love agriculture, and love agriculture. As a prince, it seems a little too grand.

To find the real reason, we must go back to the historical scene in which Yin Zhen lived at that time. First of all, we must find out what the biggest and most important thing Yin Zhen, the prince of harmony in Qing Dynasty, thought before he became emperor, whether he was here, absent or forgotten.

Through the spread of Yong Zhengdi, Mr. Er Yuehe's masterpiece, now the whole world knows it: seizing the office.

Yes, Prince Yin Zhen of Yong wrote these 46 poems. After all, it is to seize the office.

Poetry of Farming and Weaving was written in the critical period of seizing power.

Every farming and weaving map has the seals of "Prince Yong's Treasure" and "Dust-broken Lay Man". These two seals show that Yin Zhen was still Prince Yong when he wrote Poems on Farming and Weaving.

These two seals also reveal the time information of the creation of Farming Poetry. "Destroyer of the World" is Yin Zhen's own name, which was no longer used after he ascended the throne. This is the upper limit of the creation time of "agricultural weaving poetry"; In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, Yin Zhen was named Prince Yong. This is the lower limit of the creation time of Farming and Weaving Poetry.

In addition, all the poems of Yin Zhen's life are included in two collections of poems: Yong Di Collection contains his poems before he ascended the throne, and Siyitang Collection contains his poems after he ascended the throne.

In the catalogue of Yong Di Ji, twenty-three ploughing pictures and twenty-three weaving pictures rank behind the poem "Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Emperor You Ji", which shows that the poem "Farming Weaving Pictures" was written in the 60th year of Kangxi (A.D. 172 1) and the 60th year of Kangxi (A.D. 66 1 year). Plotting the ploughing map, because it takes a long time, may be drawn between forty-eight years (AD 1709) and sixty years (AD 172 1 year) of Kangxi.

This is a crucial period when the power struggle is in full swing. Yin Yong, the first crown prince of Kangxi, was deposed in September in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (A.D. 1708), re-established in March in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1709) and re-established in October in the fifty-first year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 12). Before and after the abolition of Yin, other governors, including Yin Zhen, accelerated the pace of seizing official positions.

Of course, we can't say that Yin Zhen succeeded in seizing the official position by dedicating "Farming Poems" to his father Kangxi. However, we can take a look at his ingenious ideas and ingenious means in the struggle for office from the case of "farming and weaving poetry"

1. Yin Zhen created the Poem of Plowing and Weaving and presented it to his father Emperor Kangxi, which skillfully catered to Kangxi's thought of governing the country by attaching importance to agriculture and being pro-agriculture.

Kangxi, indeed. In this respect, he was an outstanding performer among the emperors of past dynasties.

As an emperor, he not only personally offered sacrifices to the Xiannongtan for many times, but also really cultivated land:

In the forty-first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1702), Kangxi went to Boye (Hebei Boye) south of Gyeonggi to inspect farming. When passing by a field, Kangxi personally plowed an acre of cultivated land, and as many as ten thousand people came to watch the news. Li Guangdi, the governor of Zhili who accompanied the inspection at that time, wrote an article to help Ji Xiansheng.

Since ancient times, there have been many emperors who talked about being pro-agriculture and attaching importance to agriculture, but only a handful of emperors can really do farm work like Kangxi.

If Kangxi tilled the fields personally in public, it was suspected to be a show, then it took him ten years to introduce excellent rice seeds from Jiangnan and finally planted them successfully in Yuquan Mountain in the west of Beijing, so that he left a rice variety, intangible cultural heritage and geographical indication products of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in Haidian District of Beijing today, which is unlikely to be a show.

In the fifty-third year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 14), the rice introduced was a great success: "The official land of Yuquan Mountain covers 15 hectares and 90 mu, and the paddy fields in Jinhe, Man Zi Camp, Liulangzhuang, Shenghua Temple, Quanzong Temple, Gaoliang Bridge, the west bank of the long river, Shijingshan, Heilongtan and Nanyuan cover 92 hectares and 9 mu. Since then, this kind of rice known as "imperial rice" and later "Jingximi rice" has become the main source of imperial rice in Qing Dynasty.

There is such a father who values agriculture and is pro-agriculture, and his son, Yin Zhen, presented "Poetry of Farming and Weaving". Is it itchy?

Secondly, Yin Zhen wrote Poems on Farming for his father Kangxi, cleverly expressing that if he had the opportunity to inherit the throne, he would follow suit and continue Kangxi's policy of attaching importance to agriculture and being pro-agriculture.

It turned out that Kangxi also ordered people to draw plows and make pictures, and he made plows and made pictures and poems himself.

It turns out that the creation of "Farming Poetry", which expresses farming activities in the form of comic books, is not in Yin Zhen or Kangxi.

This initiative was put forward by Lou Ai, a county magistrate in Yuqian County (Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the third year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 133), Loulai county magistrate drew 45 ploughing and weaving maps for the first time, including 2 1 map and 24 weaving maps, each with a five-character poem. After Lou Ai finished the first poem "Farming and Weaving" in history, he presented it to Song Gaozong and won the promotion prize. Her works have also been declared to the harem and passed down to future generations.

Lou Ai's Poem of Plowing and Weaving Pictures is called "the earliest picture scroll woven by men and women in China", "the earliest complete set of video materials made by farmers and mulberry in China", "the world's first agricultural popular science picture album", "the most exquisite and valuable picture document in the farming era" and "a great innovation in reflecting the labor process of farmers and mulberry with the artistic expression of paintings and poems".

Following Lou Ai's Poem of Farming and Weaving, there were similar versions in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but the attention was not as good as that in Qing Dynasty.

In the 28th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1689), scholars in the south of the Yangtze presented a book "Poetry of Farming and Weaving". After Kangxi brought it back to Beijing, he ordered Jiao Bingzhen, a court painter, to redraw it according to the map, which took seven years in the thirty-fifth year (A.D. 1696).

Kangxi's edition of Farming Poetry was prefaced by Kangxi himself and composed a poem. It was published in the thirty-eighth year (AD 1699) and awarded to governors to strengthen their agricultural education. According to my own memory, "I got it from Fengze Garden".

Perhaps from the day he received the gift, Yin Zhen saw that his father Kangxi attached so much importance to "farming poems" and moved the idea of doing things with "farming poems" to be unique and please his father. In the critical period when the struggle for power was in full swing, Yin Zhen finally released a long-planned big move.

Yin Zhen did things with "farming poems", not simply copying and imitating, but innovating through inheritance.

Inherited is that Kangxi has 46 paintings and he also has 46 paintings; Kangxi preface, he do postscript; Kangxi wrote his own poems, so did he. "Master follow suit, master follow suit". Gee, what a good son who "bows deeply to me".

One of the innovations is that Kangxi is a black-and-white cartoon, and he is a color cartoon. Kangxi's plow weave is a black-and-white version painted by Jiao Bingzhen, a court painter, while Yin Zhen's plow weave is a color version painted by an unknown painter-colored silk painting. Unfortunately, the painter who painted colorful comic books for Yin Zhen failed to leave his name despite his superb painting skills. To be sure, Yin Zhen didn't draw it himself. He doesn't have such a high level of painting.

The second innovation is that Kangxi matches seven-character poems, and he matches five-character poems. For example, in transplanting rice seedlings, Kangxi wrote a seven-character poem: "Shui Ze has thousands of beds in full swing, and the new planting may not be completed. Qi Xin, the Asian people, will work together and it is not too late to go home in another month. " Accordingly, Yin Zhen wrote this poem "Transplanting Rice". Although these two poems say the same thing, they are not far apart.

Thirdly, Yin Zhen wrote a poem entitled "Plowing and Weaving Map", which was dedicated to his father Kangxi. He cleverly expressed that if he had no chance to inherit the throne, he would plow the fields and retire to the countryside, become a vassal and even become a farmer.

How did Yin Zhen do it?

It's simple. Go on stage in person and perform hard: he asked the painter to paint himself as a farmer in Plough Weaving and his Fujin (that is, his wife) as a weaver girl in Plow Weaving!

In other words, in the 46 pictures of Yin Zhen Farming and Weaving, Yin Zhen and his Fujin appear in almost every picture, and they are basically the protagonists.

In other words, when the Yin Zhen version of the farming and weaving map was sent to Kangxi's father, Kangxi saw his four sons soaking seeds, plowing, raking, transplanting rice, irrigating and harvesting. At the same time, Kangxi saw his fourth daughter-in-law washing silkworms, picking mulberry, selecting cocoons, knitting sweaters and cutting clothes.

I have to point out that in the fierce power struggle, it is quite risky to deliberately let your true image appear in a portrait or a photo. Because these portraits or photos, regardless of the political effect at that time, are difficult to modify afterwards, and are likely to be interpreted by political opponents in another way, thus putting themselves at a disadvantage.

Then, in this power struggle, how will the Plough and Weaving, starring Yin Zhen and his wife, be interpreted by all kinds of people after being presented to his father and made public?

Yin Zhen first considered the explanation of his father Kangxi.

As a father and emperor, how did Kangxi feel when he saw this scene after scene? The history books did not leave Kangxi's emotional reaction when he saw Mr. and Mrs. Yin Zhen in Plough and Weaving, let alone his inner feelings. But we might as well guess.

First of all, nature is happy. I am pro-agriculture, and my fourth son's daughter-in-law also understands her own ideas and has learned to be pro-agriculture. Anyway, this is a good thing to be happy about.

Secondly, of course, it is freshness. His son and daughter-in-law are all gifted in heaven and have never done farm work. But now the two of them in the picture, one is pro-agriculture and the other is pro-silkworm, look very funny.

Finally, there may be regrets. If the chosen successor is not the fourth son, then the fourth son, who has been very talented since childhood, may really only be a complacent captaincy, or a farmer who plows the land and dies in this life. The fourth son is still talented, which is a pity.

Perhaps, it is a little regret of Kangxi at this moment that determines the key sentence in his last words: "Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong and the emperor, is noble in moral character and will certainly inherit the great system."

Yin Zhen's second consideration is to grasp the explanation of the first opponent and sirs.

If he succeeds to the throne, Yin Zhen won't lose his identity or leave a laughing stock, if he paints his image in the "Plough Weaving Map". Because since ancient times, it has been one of the duties of the emperor and his wife to raise silkworms and the queen to raise silkworms.

If he had not succeeded to the throne, Yin Zhen would not have offended the new emperor by painting his image in Plough Weaving. Because Yin Zhen can explain: I don't want to be an emperor at all. I have expressed my thoughts to my father through "farming". I just want to be a farmer. You don't believe me? There are pictures and truth.

Can enter and retreat, can attack and defend. Very high, very high.

It is not easy to win a position. Yin Zhen finally won the office and became Yong Zhengdi. It can be seen from the poems "Plough Weaving Map" and "Transplanting Rice" that he did put a lot of clever thoughts and used a lot of clever means.

two

The arrival of the solar term of awn species means the maturity of awned crops such as wheat. This is a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. "On the fifteenth day after the full harvest, Dou refers to C, which is a kind of awn, which means that there is a kind of awn in the valley."

Busy planting, busy planting. "awn" refers to the harvest of awned crops such as wheat; "Planting" refers to the sowing of millet crops.

The arrival of the solar term of mango also means that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will enter the rainy season. At this time, there are many rainy days, heavy rainfall, high temperature and little sunshine. Such rainy weather is very beneficial to rice, cotton and other crops, which are in a vigorous growth period and need more water. However, it is unfavorable to people's daily life, because it is rainy and humid, and indoor appliances are prone to mildew, so "plum rain" can also be commonly called "mildew rain".

The awning season is very suitable for young artists to find a sense of ceremony.

Because the flowers wither as soon as they reach the awn, young artists can hold a ceremony to worship the flower god on this day and bid farewell to the flower god.

In A Dream of Red Mansions, the bridge of famous literary youth Lin Daiyu's "Daiyu burying flowers" happened around mango seeds. In the 27th chapter, Cao Xueqin wrote directly:

"The next day is April 26th. It turns out that this day is not the last day of the Ear Festival. Ancient custom: On the day of Harvest Festival, various gifts should be placed to offer sacrifices to the flower god. It is said that it will be summer after mango, all the flowers will be unloaded, and the flower god will abdicate and have to say goodbye. However, this custom is popular in boudoir, so people in Grand View Garden get up earlier. Those girls, or sedan chairs woven with petals and willow branches, or dry buildings folded with silks and satins, are tied up with colored threads. These things are tied to every tree and every flower. Embroidered ribbons are flying and flowers are in full bloom in the garden. What's more, these people are all peaches and apricots, and the shame of the orioles. "

You see, Mr. Cao said, "This custom is more popular in boudoir." Young women in literature and art, young men in literature and art, who is more feminine? Let's act quickly.