The weather in Jiaxing in January

Zhejiang topography

Zhejiang topography

The linear distance between east and west and north and south is about 450km, and the land area of Zhejiang is10.180,000km2, which is 1.06% of that of China. It is one of the smallest provinces in China. Hills account for 70.4%, plain basins account for 23.2%, rivers and lakes account for 6.4%, and the cultivated land area is only 208 1.7 million hectares, so it is said that "seven mountains, one water and two fields". The terrain inclines from southwest to northeast, which can be roughly divided into six terrain areas: northern Zhejiang plain, western Zhejiang hilly area, eastern Zhejiang hilly area, central Jinqu basin, southern Zhejiang mountainous area, southeast coastal plain and coastal islands.

topography

The topography of Zhejiang is stepped from southwest to northeast, with mountains in the southwest, hills in the middle and low alluvial plains in the northeast. "Seven mountains, one water and two fields" is a generalization of Zhejiang's topography.

The alluvial plain with dense water networks in northern Zhejiang, the coastal hills in eastern Zhejiang, the mountainous areas in southern Zhejiang, and the island landform in Zhoushan can be described as mountains, rivers, lakes and seas. In the southwest, there are many mountains with a distance of more than 1000 meters, among which Huangmaojian Peak in Longquan is the highest mountain in Zhejiang Province, with an altitude of 1.929 meters. The topography is dominated by hills, mountains and basins, accounting for 70.4% of the total area of Zhejiang Province. The plain area is 23.2%, including Hangjiahu Plain (Hangjiahu, Jiaxing and Huzhou), Ningshao Plain (Ningbo and Shaoxing), Jinliqu Plain (Jinhua, Lishui and Quzhou) and Wen Tai Plain (Wenzhou and Taizhou).

climate

forest

Forest (10)

Zhejiang has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, moderate annual temperature, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, moist air, synchronous seasonal changes of rain and heat, diverse climate resources and numerous meteorological disasters. The annual average temperature is 15 ~ 18℃, the lowest and highest temperatures are in June and June respectively, and the rainfall concentration period is in May and June. The extreme maximum temperature is 44. 1℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is-17.4℃. The average annual rainfall in Zhejiang Province is 980 ~ 2000mm, and the average annual sunshine hours are1710 ~ 2100h.

In spring, the East Asian monsoon is in the alternate season between the winter wind direction and the summer monsoon. The north-south airflow frequently meets, and the low pressure and frontal activity intensify. In spring, the climate in Zhejiang is cold and rainy, and there are often strong winds along the coast and offshore. The rain in Zhejiang Province is increasing, and the weather is unpredictable. It is said that "a child's face changes three times a day in spring". The average temperature in spring in Zhejiang is 13 ~ 18℃, and the temperature distribution is decreasing from inland areas to coastal and island areas. The precipitation in Zhejiang province is 320 ~ 700 mm, and the distribution of precipitation gradually decreases from southwest to northeast coastal areas. The rainy days in Zhejiang province are 4 1 ~ 62 days. The main meteorological disasters in spring are rainy and low temperature in late spring. [2]

In summer, with the establishment of the summer monsoon circulation system, the southeast wind prevails in Zhejiang, and the subtropical high activity in the northwest Pacific has an important influence on the weather in Zhejiang, while the cold air from the north to the south still has a certain influence on the weather in Zhejiang. The rainy days in Zhejiang province are 32 ~ 55 days. The main meteorological disasters in summer are typhoon, rainstorm, drought and flood. [3]

In autumn, the summer monsoon gradually weakens and transitions to the winter monsoon. Cyclone activity is frequent, frontal precipitation is more, and temperature changes greatly. The average autumn temperature in Zhejiang Province is 16 ~ 2 1℃, which is higher in the southeast coastal and central areas and lower in the northwest mountainous areas. The precipitation is 2 10 ~ 430mm, with more precipitation in the central and southern coastal mountainous areas and less precipitation in the northeast, but its interannual variation is great. It rains for 28 ~ 42 days in all parts of Zhejiang Province. [4]

In winter, the strength of winter monsoon in East Asia mainly depends on the activity of Mongolian cold high pressure, while the weather in Zhejiang is affected by the cold air mass in the north (that is, winter monsoon), and there are relatively few types of weather processes. The winter climate is characterized by abundant sunshine, cold and little rain and dry air. The average temperature in winter is 3 ~ 9℃, and the temperature distribution is decreasing from south to north and from east to west. Precipitation 140 ~ 250 mm, except for the northeast islands, there is little difference in other places; The rainy days in Zhejiang province are 28 ~ 4 1 day. The main meteorological disasters in winter are cold wave, rain and snow. [5]

3 Natural resources

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water resource

water

Water (6 sheets)

There are more than 30 lakes in Zhejiang, such as West Lake and Dongqian Lake, with a volume of 654.38+0 million cubic meters and a coastline (including islands) of more than 6400 kilometers. From north to south, there are eight river systems, such as Tiaoxi, Beijing-Hangzhou Canal (Zhejiang section), Qiantang River, Yongjiang River, Lingjiang River, Oujiang River, Feiyun River and Aojiang River, among which Qiantang River is the largest river. Except Tiaoxi and Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the above eight rivers all enter the sea alone. [6]

Zhejiang is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of about 65438 0.600 mm, which is one of the regions with abundant precipitation in China. The average total water resources in Zhejiang province for many years is 93.7 billion cubic meters, but due to the high population density, the per capita water resources are only 2008 cubic meters, and the per capita water resources of Zhoushan and other islands with the least amount are only 600 cubic meters. [6]

ocean resources

The total length of Zhejiang coastline is more than 6,400 kilometers, ranking first in the country. There are more than 3,000 coastal islands with a continental shelf area of 230,000 square kilometers within 200 meters. The sea area of Zhejiang is 260,000 square kilometers. There are 306/kloc-0 islands with an area of over 500 square meters, which is the province with the largest number of islands in China, and Zhoushan Island (the main island of Zhoushan Islands) with an area of 495.4 square kilometers is the fourth largest island in China. The total length of the coastline is 6486.24 kilometers, ranking first in the country, of which the mainland coastline is 2200 kilometers, ranking fifth in the country. The coastline is long and deep, and 290.4 kilometers of berths above 10,000 tons can be built, accounting for more than13 of China, and berths above 10,000 tons 105.8 kilometers. The East China Sea shelf basin has a good prospect for oil and gas development.

Zhejiang Province is rich in marine resources, with a sea area of 260,000 square kilometers and a coastline of 6,500 kilometers on the mainland and islands, accounting for 20.3% of the total length of China's coastline. There are 306 islands1island with an area of more than 500 square meters, and the land area19.404 million hectares, with more than 90% uninhabited. Ports, fisheries, tourism, oil and gas and beaches are five resources with unique advantages. By 20 13, there are 58 ports and 650 berths with an annual throughput of 250 million tons. The coastal beach resources are 266,800 hectares, ranking third in the country. Zhoushan is the only island city in Zhejiang Province, and it is also one of the national key development areas. [7]

Zhejiang has a vast sea area, mild climate, fertile water quality and rich bait, which is suitable for the habitat, growth and reproduction of various marine life. There are many kinds of creatures, so it is called "China Fish Warehouse". [7]

The cultivable species in Zhejiang sea area include grouper, abalone, scallop, sea cucumber, eel, octopus marmoratus, black snapper, red snapper, perch, yellow croaker, puffer fish, egg-shaped pomfret, mullet, eel and Chinese soup. [7]

land resources

According to the investigation results of land use change in Zhejiang Province in 2004, in the composition of land use in Zhejiang Province, the area of agricultural land is129610.2 million mu, accounting for 82.0% of the total land area in Zhejiang Province, the area of construction land is/kloc-0 1.3602 million mu, accounting for 8.6%, and the area of unused land is/kloc.

In 2004, the cultivated land area in Zhejiang Province decreased by 945,000 mu, increased by 468,000 mu, and decreased by 477,000 mu. In the process of decreasing cultivated land area in Zhejiang Province, agricultural restructuring reduced cultivated land by 503,000 mu, accounting for 53.2%. Construction occupies 367,000 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 38.8%; Ecological conversion of farmland to 60,000 mu, accounting for 6.4%; The cultivated land reduced by disasters and others is 6.5438 0.5 million mu, accounting for 654.38 0.6%. Among the newly-increased cultivated land in Zhejiang Province, 372,000 mu was newly-increased through land development, reclamation and consolidation, accounting for 79.5%. 96,000 mu of cultivated land was newly added for agricultural restructuring, accounting for 20.5%. At the end of the year, the cultivated land area in Zhejiang Province was 29.979 million mu, a net decrease of 477,000 mu over the previous year. The adjustable land area is 1 164000 mu, with a net increase of 4 13000 mu over the previous year. Both of them add up to 31143,000 mu. After deducting the area of ecological returning farmland and the area of cultivated land damaged by disasters in 2004, Zhejiang Province continued to realize the dynamic balance of total cultivated land in 2004. [6]

The soil in Zhejiang Province is mainly yellow soil and red soil, accounting for more than 70% of the area of Zhejiang Province, mostly distributed in hills and mountains, mostly paddy soil in plains and river valleys, and mostly saline soil and desalted soil along the coast.

mineral resources

Sunlight introducer

Sunlight introducers (5 sheets)

There are many kinds of minerals in Zhejiang Province, including iron, copper, lead, zinc, gold, molybdenum, aluminum, antimony, tungsten and manganese, as well as alunite, fluorite, pyrophyllite, limestone, coal, marble, bentonite and aragonite. Alum reserves rank first in the world (60%), and fluorite reserves rank second in China. [6]

1 13 minerals have been discovered in Zhejiang province. By the end of 2009, there were 93 kinds of minerals (excluding oil and gas and radioactive minerals) in Zhejiang Province. There are 2,392 mining areas in Zhejiang Province, 302 fewer than the previous year, including 2,343 solid mineral areas and 49 geothermal mineral water areas.

Non-metallic minerals are abundant, and the proven reserves of some minerals rank among the top in the country. In terms of proven resource reserves, alunite and pyrophyllite rank first in China, fluorite, illite and cast diabase rank second in China, facing diorite ranks third, and zeolite, wollastonite, travertine, boron ore, bentonite and perlite rank top ten. Most deposits are large in scale, shallow in burial and good in mining conditions.

There are many metal deposits, but the scale is not large. There are many minerals such as iron, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten and tin in Zhejiang Province, but most of them are small-scale deposits or occurrences, and only a few of them reach large and medium-sized scale. The ore composition is complex and there are many elements.

The geological conditions of coal formation in the province are poor and coal resources are poor; Oil and gas resources have not been found on land, but the oil and gas prospects in the sea area are promising. [8]

plant resources

Animals and plants

Animals and plants (five)

There are more than 3,000 kinds of vegetation resources in Zhejiang Province, and 45 kinds of wild plants are under special state protection. Rich in tree species resources, it is known as "the treasure house of southeast plants".

Zhejiang has 6,679,700 hectares of forestland, including 5,844,200 hectares of forests. The forest coverage rate is 60.5%. The total standing stock is 65.438+0.94 billion cubic meters. Among the forest areas, the area of arbor forest, bamboo forest and shrub forest specified by the state is 420 1.800 hectares, 782,900 hectares and 859,500 hectares respectively. [6]

The forest coverage, bamboo area and the number of trees in Zhejiang are among the best in China. Among them, the area of bamboo forest accounts for China 1/7, and the output value of bamboo industry accounts for China 1/3. The forest community structure is relatively complete. The area with complete three-layer structure of arbor, shrub and grass accounts for 54.2% of trees, and the area with simple structure of tree layer only accounts for 1.5% of trees. The forest health is good, and the proportion of healthy and sub-healthy forest areas is 88.45% and 8.23% respectively. Generally speaking, the diversity of forest ecosystem belongs to the upper-middle level, with rich forest vegetation types, forest types and arbor age groups. [6]

Animal resources

There are many kinds of wild animals, of which 123 are listed in the national list of key protected wild animals. There are more than 80 species of wild animals and 300-400 species of birds, including 22 species of national first-class protected animals, 2 species of second-class protected animals 103 and 44 species of provincial protected animals. [6]