The fifteen-day weather in Xinning

1In July, 984, the Environmental Protection Committee of the State Council City, China published the first list of rare and endangered plants. There are 354 species of rare plants in China (including 1 subspecies and 2 1 variety). Eight species are listed as first-class key protected plants, two-class key protected plants 143 species, and 203 species are listed as third-class key protected plants.

Rare plants only refer to those endemic plants in China that are narrowly distributed or widely scattered and have a unique ecological environment, including those that have been extinct in the world and are only preserved under natural conditions on land in China.

The first-class key protected plants are special products in China, which have extremely important scientific research, economic and cultural values.

(1) Ancient living fossils-Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium distichum and Taiwania flousiana

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a rare tree species in the world, known as the living fossil of China plants. 1948 was officially published internationally, which shocked the whole plant community and was hailed as an important discovery of botany in the 20th century. Metasequoia glyptostroboides spread all over Europe, Asia and North America in the Mesozoic Early Cretaceous more than 100 million years ago. But when the Quaternary Glacier arrived about 2.5-3 million years ago, huge glaciers swallowed up the ancient Metasequoia glyptostroboides, making it almost extinct on the earth. Metasequoia glyptostroboides only exists in the border areas of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan in China because of its complex terrain and little influence from glaciers.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a tall deciduous tree of Metasequoia. Trees can be as high as 35-40 meters, with straight and complete trunk, irregular rotation of big branches, opposite transverse leaves, drooping branchlets and pinnate leaves. Monoecious, with drooping cones and flat seeds. 194 1 A plant was first discovered in Modaoxi, Wanxian County, Sichuan Province (now Lichuanxia, Hubei Province). It is 35 meters high and more than seven meters in diameter, with lush foliage and spreading branches layer by layer. It has a history of 400 years and is still a member of the family. Dr. Hu Xiansu, one of the scientific appraisers of Metasequoia glyptostroboides in China, wrote the Song of Metasequoia in 1962: "The Cretaceous period is 100 million years, and the scenery is beautiful; Metasequoia is unique, towering giant trees around the North Pole; Great changes have taken place in tertiary mountains and rivers, and the earth has been covered with ice and snow; Zhong Fangji [b&; Cloth Pingsheng] walked into the southern wasteland, and Wan Hui became a peerless beauty; Only Yuchuan and Hubei are thousands of square miles, and the remains are very small; Hundreds of millions of years ago, I lived to this day, and I was amazed at the drama. The group searched for treasures and plants all over the country, and there were sun branches everywhere; There is a silver cedar comparable to martial arts, and I have seen the Han flag. " This poem eulogizes China scientists' amazing pioneering work of discovery and self-reliance, and makes the ancient Metasequoia, a prehistoric "survivor", appear before human beings. Metasequoia glyptostroboides has become a beautiful ornamental plant with its beautiful tree posture, dense branches and leaves, tender spring, lush summer solstice, golden autumn, fiery red winter and color changes in four seasons. Many countries in the world ask China for Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings, which have spread to 50 countries and regions in Europe, America, Asia, Africa, and people call them "regeneration and resurrection trees".

The native wild Metasequoia glyptostroboides in China is only distributed in Lichuan, Hubei, Shizhu, Sichuan and Longshan, Hunan. However, due to its strong adaptability, high ornamental value and dense wood, Metasequoia glyptostroboides has been introduced and cultivated in all provinces (autonomous regions) except Tibet, giving people a glimpse of Metasequoia glyptostroboides.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides, also known as the son of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, is another living fossil plant discovered after Metasequoia glyptostroboides in the 1950s (that is, "there is a Metasequoia glyptostroboides comparable to martial arts" mentioned in Song of Metasequoia glyptostroboides). People praised the silver fir as a plant "panda", a beautiful sea "pearl" and the only surviving tree species in China. Cryptomeria fortunei was widely distributed in Eurasia 6.5438+million years ago, but in the Quaternary period 2.5-3 million years ago, the temperature changed dramatically and glaciers covered it. Only in the southwest of China, because of the low latitude and the mountain barrier, stopped the invasion of glaciers, making the ancient Cryptomeria fortunei survive. The first discovery of Cryptomeria argyrophylla in Huaping, Longsheng, Guangxi, was made by Mr. Zhong from the Institute of Botany of this province. 1957, professors Chen Huanyong and Kuang Keren gave it a scientific name. Soon, a small amount of silver cedar was found in Jinfo Mountain in Sichuan, Daozhen in Guizhou and Xinning in Hunan. Cryptomeria fortunei is generally distributed in foggy limestone areas at an altitude of 900- 1800 meters. It grows on steep slopes of ridges or cliffs and needs warm sunny slopes.

Cryptomeria fortunei is an evergreen tree of Cryptomeria in Pinaceae. The trunk is tall, about 20 meters, with parallel branches, hairy branchlets, green Ye Changqing, linear leaves and two silvery white balloon belts below. When the breeze blows, it looks like a glittering silvery white pearl from a distance, hence the name. Male cones are larger than female cones and hermaphroditic. At that time, the cones were mature, initially upright and gradually drooping. Cryptomeria fortunei wood is hard, corrosion-resistant and not easy to rot underground. It is high-quality wood in the construction and shipbuilding industries. Different from Metasequoia glyptostroboides, it has poor adaptability, special requirements for the ecological environment, and it is difficult to spread. So far, it has been confined to several deep forests in southwest China. China established Metasequoia Nature Reserve in Huaping, Longsheng, Guangxi, and vigorously protected this most precious and rare tree species.

Taiwania flousiana, also known as Taiwania flousiana, is one of the world-famous ancient trees and a precious tree species unique to China. Taiwania flousiana is a tall evergreen tree, tens of meters high. It is the tallest of the three Chinese fir trees, with a diameter of more than two meters. The crown of the tree is like a tower, magnificent. Taiwania flousiana is a long-lived old tree. Some have lived for 300 to 400 years and are still very young, full of branches and leaves, and some are actually "chitose". The branches of Taiwania flousiana are slender and drooping, and the leaves are spirally arranged and conical. The female cone has only one branch tip, while the male cone has several clustered branch tips. The cones are small, the seeds are flat and the bark is very special. It is shallowly split into irregular strips, but it will not break if it is peeled off for several meters. Wood has good texture, fragrance and luster. It is superior wood and can be used as sleepers, poles, bridge wood and high-grade furniture.

Taiwania flousiana is distributed in the Nujiang River and Dulong River basins of Hengduan Mountains in southwest China, with an altitude of 1700-2700 meters. Others are scattered in Leigong Mountain in Guizhou and Xingdou Mountain in Lichuan, Hubei. In recent years, Taiwania flousiana has grown rapidly and can become an artificial forest.

(2) the forest giant-Wangtianshu

Looking up to the sky, also known as the giant tree, as the name implies, towering trees, indomitable spirit. It is shaped like a big umbrella, also called an umbrella tree. Plants are generally as high as 60 meters, some as high as 80 meters and as high as 20 stories. The trunk is slender and tall, towering and magnificent, which is different from ordinary people. Wangtianshu belongs to Dipterocarpaceae and is a giant evergreen tree with alternate leaves. Its inflorescences are mostly racemes, usually terminal, with bisexual flowers, which are not obvious. Its fruit is an oval nut with five wings, which is enlarged by shrinking the calyx. It blooms in May and matures in September every year.

Wangtianshu is one of the tallest tree species in Asia at present. It was first discovered by forestry scientists in China in 1975, and it is endemic to China. Wangtianshu is only distributed in the upper reaches of Nanla River in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, and belongs to the humid seasonal rain forest area in the northern tropical margin. Generally, it grows in low mountains, valleys and valleys at 700- 1 100 meters. At the foot of this forest giant, there are 4 16 big roots, just like the "handle" of a big umbrella. Whenever the "dry season" comes, old leaves will fall off, new leaves will sprout and pull out inflorescences, which will always be an evergreen umbrella for people to enjoy the cool under the big tree.

③ Davidia involucrata, a dove tree.

Davidia involucrata is also known as water pear, water winter fruit and pigeon tree. It is a unique relic tree species in China. According to legend, Wang Zhaojun of the Western Han Dynasty married far beyond the Great Wall and missed his hometown elders day and night (Hubei [z! Purple] to the county seat), and then write a letter from home every month, tie it on the pigeon's foot and fly back to my hometown. The dove lived up to her mission and flew back to her hometown via Qian Shan, very tired. She perched on the Davidia involucrata tree and instantly turned into thousands of dove flowers with wings spread. This is just a beautiful legend. In fact, as early as 654.38 billion years ago, Davidia involucrata was widely distributed all over the world. During the Quaternary Glacier Period, it was only preserved in some mountainous areas of Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

Davidia involucrata is a deciduous tree with a height of 30 meters. Leaves alternate on long branches and cluster on short branches. Flowers are hybrid flowers, which consist of most male flowers and one or two bisexual flowers. A terminal flower head with two large ivory bracts, such as a pair of wings below. Red flowers are like pigeon heads, and yellow-green columns are like bird beaks. Whenever Davidia involucrata flowers are in full bloom in spring, the mountain wind blows Buddha, and thousands of flowers flutter like pigeons flying. The dove of peace is flying, and the precious white dove tree in China has been introduced to some countries in Europe and America.

Davidia involucrata is easy to bear fruit and difficult to raise seedlings, so we should study and protect its ecological environment. Davidia involucrata is not only a rare ornamental plant in the world, but also an excellent wood. Its texture is delicate, light and solid, and it can be used as raw materials for handicrafts. (4) Feather umbrella-spiny thorn

Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, is a fern of Alsophila spinulosa. It is the oldest living fossil in the world and the only surviving woody fern.

The trunk of spiny tree is 3 18 meters high, and the stem is upright like a column with a diameter of about 20 cm. Petiole is dark purple with dense spines. The leaves are one to two meters long and one meter wide. They are deeply feathered three times, and their small feathers are linear and lanceolate, just like a feather umbrella. The stem can be used as medicine, named "keel wind", which has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness and strengthening bones and muscles.

Alsophila spinulosa is distributed in the humid zone below 1000 meters above sea level in Taiwan Province Province, Guangdong Province, Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province, and grows in the wetlands by forests and streams.

Alsophila spinulosa is a rare plant in China and a rare relic of ancient forest at the same time as dinosaurs, which is of great scientific value to the study of paleogeology, paleogeography and soil vegetation evolution. 1986, China established Alsophila spinulosa Nature Reserve in Chishui County, Guizhou Province.

(5) Beautiful camellia

Camellia japonica is a rare ornamental plant of Theaceae, which is listed as a famous flower endemic to China. From 65438 to 0960, China botanists first discovered it in Nanning, Guangxi, and became a rookie of Camelliaceae, which was unique because of its golden color. Although there are many kinds of camellia in the world, including pink, red, purple and white, yellow is the only one lacking. The newly discovered Camellia japonica in China has golden corolla, sallow luster, glittering and translucent oil embellishment and exquisite carving, which is overwhelming. The blooming flowers are beautiful and elegant, with crowns such as pots, bowls and cups, different shapes and dazzling.

Camellia is a small evergreen tree, two to five meters high, with light grayish yellow bark and dark green leaves. It is distributed in low and gentle hills at an altitude of 100-200m, and grows on well-drained shady slopes and streams with loose soil. Wild camellia is only distributed in Yongning County and its adjacent areas in Nanning, Guangxi. From 65438 to 0986, China established the Camellia Nature Reserve in Fangcheng County, Guangxi. Camellia is a kind of plant species resource with the same color, which is called the "darling" of the international camellia family by the horticultural community. With artificial cultivation and hybridization, many new color varieties have been created. In addition, camellia chrysantha has high economic value, and its leaves and flowers can be used as medicine to treat trauma, ulcer and carbuncle. Flowers can also cure gynecological diseases. Usually, people use leaves and flowers to make tea. Tea tastes sweet and delicious. Seeds can extract oil. Wood is hard and often used to make carving crafts.

(6) The King of Herbs-Ginseng

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey) is a precious medicinal material with Chinese specialties, and it is called "the king of all kinds of herbs". China is the first country to discover ginseng in the world. Ginseng was first recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic. People ate ginseng in Qin and Han dynasties, and it has a history of more than 2000 years. The medicinal properties and special effects of ginseng have been recorded in materia medica in past dynasties, and it is listed as a first-class nourishing medicinal material.

Ginseng was originally named "Miao", and "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" contained: "Miao, herb, out of Shangdang." "Wupu Materia Medica" contains: "Ginseng is the essence of the earth, and it is also fine." In ancient times, ginseng was also called child prodigy, goblin, human and human. It is generally called ginseng because of its human form, and its common name is wooden stick.

Ginseng is a perennial herb. It belongs to Araliaceae. The plant is 30-60 cm high, and the taproot is stout and fleshy, and it is spindle-shaped or cylindrical. The lower part is branched and the skin is light yellow. Palmately compound leaves are born at the top of the stem, with umbels, yellow-green, berrylike drupes, oblate, and bright red when mature. Ginseng is mostly distributed under mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and miscellaneous forests hundreds of meters above sea level. The origin of wild ginseng is Shangdang area in Shanxi, so it is called Shangdang. Later, due to deforestation, the ecological environment of ginseng was destroyed and almost extinct. At present, the main producing areas of wild ginseng are Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and the deep forests in northern Hebei. In the Korean pine forests of Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province and Xiaoxing 'anling Mountain in Heilongjiang Province, there are deep humus soil under the shady slopes and bushes of low mountains, which is suitable for the growth and development of wild ginseng. Because of its rarity, it is listed as a national first-class protected plant. The famous hometown of ginseng is Fusong County, Jilin Province. The cultivated ginseng has good quality and is exported at home and abroad.

In addition to the above-mentioned 8 rare plants under national first-class protection, there are 346 plants under second-class and third-class protection. The famous ancient ginkgo tree with high umbrella, beautiful Taiwania flousiana, tall and beautiful Chichimatsu and Bole trees, Abies yuanbaoshanensis in Guangxi, Cephalotaxus fortunei in Yunnan, Cephalotaxus hainanensis, Hemlock Millennium in Shennongjia, Hangui in Shui Sheng Temple in Hanzhong, Tang Mei in Heilongtan in Kunming and Shenmu "Junbai" in Alishan in Taiwan Province all belong to China.