The brain has 8CM congestion, how to treat it, what medicine can be cured, and what activities in life can be beneficial to eliminate it.

Cerebral hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage) is spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

Other reasons, cerebrovascular malformation, aneurysm, cerebral arteritis, hematological diseases, application of thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs, amyloidosis and brain tumors.

Pathogenesis of hypertensive cerebral arteriosclerosis cerebral hemorrhage

If hypertension exceeds the contraction of cerebral vascular smooth muscle, blood vessels are passively dilated, vascular smooth muscle and intima are damaged, the permeability is increased, the infiltration of plasma components leads to poor cellulose in arterioles, the transparency of vascular smooth muscle is reduced, the arterial wall is thinned and swollen into small aneurysms, and the sudden increase of blood pressure caused by arterial rupture and small aneurysms is the most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage.

Brain Mechanism of Cerebral Hemorrhage Injury

Intracerebral hematoma oppresses the surrounding brain tissue, which increases cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, edema and intracranial pressure and hinders venous return. More emphasis is placed on cerebral ischemia and brain edema, which increases intracranial pressure and forms a vicious circle, leading to cerebral hernia and secondary brain stem bleeding, which is life-threatening.

Independent bleeding and cerebral hemorrhage. Hematoma squeezes the surrounding brain tissue, causing brain edema, increased intracranial pressure and tissue displacement, resulting in coronal hernia and cerebellar tonsillar hernia. The former oppresses the brain stem, and the secondary hemorrhage of the brain stem worsens, which is a common cause of death from cerebral hemorrhage. After several months of bleeding, the hematoma can become a cyst in the autolysis stage, which is called a stroke capsule, and yellow liquid can be seen in the cavity.

The following causes of death are cerebral hemorrhage, which has the following aspects:

(1) Cerebral hemorrhage secondary to brain stem hemorrhage: Autopsy analysis showed that 12 cases (30.8%) were bleeding and 9 cases (23. 1%) were pons bleeding, excluding pons bleeding 18 cases (46./kloc)

The mechanism of secondary brain stem hemorrhage: (65,438+0) Blood flowed from the cerebral hemorrhage focus to the brain stem in 7 cases (65,438+0.8%), which was cord-like and flowed into the basal part along the pyramidal tract. ② Two cases (5.2%) suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and the thalamus directly extended to the midbrain. (3) Eight cases (20.5%) suffered from cerebral hemorrhage, which broke into the aqueduct of the ventricle to dilate and accumulate blood, and the blood entered the gray matter around the aqueduct of the brain. ④ Brainstem vascular bleeding, 25 cases (64.65438 0%), mostly punctate bleeding, some isolated, some fused into blocks. Microscopically, the bleeding focus is the damage of arterial wall, which is basically arteriolar bleeding. We can also see that some blood vessels are congested, and the edema boundary is obvious, and there are median arteries or long and short circumflex arteries. Even in the blood vessels, congestion and edema can be seen, and arterial bleeding can be seen, which proves to be arterial bleeding. In addition, sometimes venous congestion can be seen in aqueduct and fourth ventricle, and occasional bleeding around veins.

There were 39 cases of mild coma (97%), and 38 cases of sudden coma within 24 hours (97%). The blood pressure was relatively high. The clinical manifestations of 39 cases of secondary brainstem hemorrhage were 3 1 case (79.5%). The highest systolic blood pressure was above 200mmHg, while that of the group without brainstem hemorrhage was only 46.1%(6/655). P & gt(2) Cerebral hemorrhage secondary to hypothalamic injury: ① Anatomical features of hypothalamus: The cavity structure at the bottom and wall of the third ventricle below the hypothalamic sulcus of thalamus contains 15 pairs of nuclei, tens of thousands of secretory cells, the paraventricular nucleus located in the wall of the third ventricle, the surrounding empty nuclei, ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and hypothalamus, about 1cm, and the whole brain weighs about 4g. But the mechanism is complex, and there are autonomic nerve and visceral activities. Endocrine, metabolism, mood, sleep and awakening. The area also has the following characteristics: the capillary network is rich, which is more than twice as much as other parts of the brain, and it is not perfect. It enters the blood-brain barrier and has high permeability, so it is easy to change, and edema and bleeding occur when it is injured by hypoxia, poisoning, intracranial hypertension and infection; When the connection between hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the nerve fiber of funnel stalk, it is subjected to pressure, swelling, bleeding, and contact is destroyed. ② Clinical symptoms of hypothalamic injury: The increased intracranial pressure and the occupying effect caused the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk to be compressed, edematous, displaced and twisted, and the secondary ventricular hemorrhage injury involving the hypothalamus. Symptoms are usually hemorrhagic gastric mucosal erosion or ulcer, vomiting coffee-like stomach contents, acute pulmonary edema and leukocytosis. Hyperglycemia, central high fever, profuse sweating.

(3) Cerebral hernia secondary to cerebral hemorrhage; Crown can be complicated with cerebral hemorrhage hernia, central hernia, foramen magnum hernia, sphenoid ridge hernia, cingulate cortex hernia and cerebellar hernia. The latter generally has no obvious clinical symptoms, and most autopsies find that the first three clinical symptoms are mostly aggravated or lead to death. The umbrella cover expands along the ipsilateral pupil. Irregular breathing of bilateral pupils in central cerebral hernia. Pathological signs: (1) red substance, red nucleus moving down, ② third ventricle moving down, ③ hypothalamus and upper brain stem moving down. Central hernia, foramen magnum hernia and separation of breathing and heartbeat may occur.

/& gt； The clinical manifestations and pathological process of cerebral hemorrhage depend on the location and amount of bleeding. Most dynamic patients have sudden onset and acute onset, often accompanied by headache and vomiting, which is caused by the sudden increase of intracranial pressure. The disease reaches its peak, and after a few minutes or hours, the serious person loses consciousness and is life-threatening. Therefore, the key of drug therapy is to reduce intracranial pressure, relieve brain edema, control blood pressure, and correctly handle complications such as asphyxia, gastrointestinal bleeding, lung infection and heart symptoms. This paper discusses the key measures to treat acute cerebral hemorrhage and the treatment of complications. /& gt； The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage refers to 34 weeks. Three principles of rescuing cerebral hemorrhage: managing blood pressure, managing, increasing intracranial pressure and treating complications. Patients must stay in bed absolutely, avoid emotional tension, keep quiet, and pay attention to look up 1520 degrees. Semi-comatose patients lie flat with their heads tilted to one side, take oxygen intermittently, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, observe vital signs at any time to prevent vomiting and aspiration, and treat comatose patients strictly according to the routine.

Manage blood pressure

There are cerebral hemorrhage lesions with perforating branches of arterioles (bean-shaped, granular, bean-shaped) in the brain parenchyma. Due to long-term hypertension, cerebral artery, microaneurysm formation or arterial fiber failure, when blood pressure suddenly rises, it is easy to cause arteriole rupture and bleeding. Long-term hypertension causes intimal injury, lipid deposition, smooth muscle degeneration and deterioration, sudden changes in pressure and blood flow, and arteriolar bleeding, which can cause severe vascular reactive multiple bleeding fusion, forming hematoma or bleeding everywhere. Blood pressure should be controlled below 180/ 100mmHg, not too low, otherwise it will lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, resulting in irreparable consequences.

The most common site is internal capsule hemorrhage. In addition to the obvious typical migraine symptoms (paralysis, hemiparalysis, hemianopia) with elevated blood pressure, patients show coma, lethargy or awakening. A large amount of bleeding broke into the ventricle, and the coma deepened, leading to brain edema and cerebral hernia. The condition is critical and the prognosis is poor.

intracranial pressure

Cerebral edema is the main complication of cerebral hemorrhage and one of the fatal factors. Dehydration treatment is generally not less than 15 days. For a large number of patients aged 50 ~ 70 years, it is an active and realistic measure to treat bleeding, hematoma or partial drilling and aspiration with 70 ml. Urokinase was injected within 3 days after stereotactic drainage.

3 Treatment complications After cerebral hemorrhage, due to the damage of plants to the nerve center and the dysfunction of neurohumoral regulation, it can lead to lung infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, and clinical complications of water and electrolyte disorder. In addition, with the history of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, it is easy to be complicated with dysfunction of organs such as heart, lung and kidney. We often encounter cerebral hemorrhage, and its principle is that the clinical complications are as follows:

3. 1 fever

Patients with cerebral hemorrhage and fever mainly show the following four situations:

(1) Infectious fever: mainly causes lung infection. Abnormality of patients with aspiration pneumonia or falling pneumonia accompanied by disturbance of consciousness, dysphagia, speech disorder, cough, vomiting or obstruction of oral secretions. In addition, pulmonary infection may also lead to cross-infection caused by improper mechanical ventilation measures, and iatrogenic infection, double infection and adrenocorticotropic hormone will lead to prolonged hospitalization.

In order to prevent respiratory tract infection, the following measures should be taken: (1) Patients should raise their bedside to 30 to 90 degrees during the day, compared with when eating. Patients are often encouraged to cough and take a deep breath, drink water and don't use straws. The obvious disturbance of consciousness should be the lower lying position and the mouth, or the supine position, so as to facilitate the removal of throat secretions. When the patient is in a coma and vomits, the foreign body in the vomiting mouth should be sucked clean by the bed to prevent inhalation into the trachea. (2) To prevent the reflux of nasal feeding, the speed of nasal feeding should not be too fast and the temperature should be appropriate. Raise your head for 2 hours at 30 degrees before nasal feeding, and try not to cause vomiting for a short time. Reflux of gastric juice can appropriately reduce daily nasal feeding, and severe cases can not eat for the time being. Pull out the tube and inject a small amount of gas to prevent the food at the end of the tube from falling into the trachea. (3) Strengthen respiratory care. If you are unconscious, you must strengthen oral care, turn over and pat your back every 23 hours, and don't eat. We should pay more attention to the problem of desire. If the sputum of patients with pneumonia is not completely sucked out, even with a large number of antibiotics, pneumonia can not be satisfactorily controlled. ④ Severe lung infection leads to high temperature, so it is not easy to cough up phlegm and consciousness is disturbed. In a short period of time, drug treatment is ineffective or asphyxia can be recovered. Consider tracheotomy, which is convenient for expectoration and intratracheal administration, so as to reduce swallowing and inhalation caused by mucosal injury. ⑤ Actively treat cerebral hemorrhage to control brain edema, and strive to regain consciousness as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the control of early pulmonary infection. (6) If there is an existing lung infection, a large number of broad-spectrum antibiotics must be used. Cerebral hemorrhage complicated with respiratory tract infection is mainly caused by hospital pathogens. The most common infections (50% to 60%) are gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for about 65,438+00%, while pneumococcus is rare (5%). Empirical drugs for gram-negative bacterial infections: aminoglycosides+semisynthetic penicillin (broad spectrum) or cephalosporins, ixabe+amoxicillin, amikacin+cephalosporins.

Cerebral hemorrhage, bacterial infection, urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection are mainly caused by the skin and mucosa of strangers with Gram-negative bacilli. Long-term catheterization (1 week or more) should be taken to prevent urinary tract infection, especially for female patients. In order to reduce urinary tract infection, catheterization should be avoided. If it proves necessary, the closed drainage system should be strictly disinfected and sterilized. Asymptomatic bacteriuria generally does not need treatment to avoid drug-resistant colonization. Symptoms can be treated with antibiotics according to pathogen isolation and drug sensitivity test, and most of them can be eliminated with antibiotics after catheter removal. General urinary tract infection can choose aminoglycosides+ampicillin or third-generation cephalosporins+ampicillin.

(2) Central fever: It is caused by the damage of hypothalamic thermoregulation center, which is common in severe cerebral hemorrhage, primary ventricular hemorrhage, brainstem hemorrhage or severe brainstem infarction. The clinical manifestations are persistent high fever, body temperature over 39℃, patient's anhidrosis, increased skin temperature of trunk, chills of limbs, no corresponding changes in heart rate and body temperature, and no antipyretic effect. Mainly physical cooling, including alcohol rubbing, warm water rubbing, ice cushion and ice cap cooling and ice water enema antipyretic treatment. Elderly patients with weak constitution must be cautious when using antipyretics to prevent collapse. If conditions permit, there are signs that mild hypothermia treatment is an option. It is reported that the use of dopamine receptor and receptor agonist bromocriptine in the treatment of brain dysfunction may be effective.

(3) Dehydration fever: excessive dehydration, insufficient hydration, blood concentration, and fever caused by the central nervous system of intracranial thermoregulation. In addition, excessive dehydration will lead to difficulty in expectoration and insufficient body fluids, but it also increases the incidence of dehydration fever. Thermal dehydration should be considered for patients with unexplained fever, dry skin, decreased urine volume and increased hematocrit during treatment. The dehydration treatment method of the first dose should be adjusted, and then the physical temperature should be lowered.

(4) Endothermia: mainly seen in hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage is more common. In the process of blood absorption, red blood cells dissolve and release various febrile factors caused by thermogenesis. * * * The incidence rate is the same as that of 12 weeks, mostly with moderate low fever, without signs of infection and poisoning and symptoms of hypothalamic damage. After treatment, they can be physically cooled.

3.2 Respiratory complications

Cerebral hemorrhage, respiratory complications except respiratory tract infection and neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). NPE is caused by hypothalamic injury releasing a large amount of catecholamines, peripheral blood vessels contracting, which leads to the increase of blood pressure, the transfer of blood circulation to low-resistance pulmonary circulation, and the increase of static pressure, which leads to the damage of pulmonary capillaries and the leakage of blood vessels to alveoli. Recent studies show that NPE is caused by low oxygen content. The incidence of NPE is closely related to cerebral hemorrhage, with large amount of bleeding, serious illness and high incidence of NPE. Most NPE diseases are explosive, and most of them will die within 24 hours if they are not treated in time, so high concentration oxygen should be given as soon as possible. In recent years, nifedipine 1020 mg sublingual administration is recommended, which can rapidly reduce peripheral and pulmonary artery pressure and has a positive effect on NPE. Dobutamine treatment can improve myocardial contractility and accelerate blood flow to the heart, which is often the first choice for NPE treatment.

3.3 Digestive system complications

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the serious complications of cerebral hemorrhage, especially brain stem bleeding, which is often related to the severity of stroke, the incidence of more serious diseases and gastrointestinal bleeding. The prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding is poor, and the mortality rate is as high as half. The pathological changes that cause gastrointestinal bleeding include ulcer, mucosal erosion bleeding, hemorrhagic gastritis and acute attack of chronic ulcer. The time of gastrointestinal bleeding was 12 weeks, mostly cerebral hemorrhage.

The prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding focuses on protecting gastric mucosa, reducing and neutralizing gastric acid, controlling the pH value of gastric juice at 4, and actively treating cerebral hemorrhage. Specific measures are as follows:

(1) Correction of insufficient oxygen supply: To improve the oxygen supply of the body, we must first ensure the patency of the respiratory tract and the exchange function of the lungs. It should be pointed out that oxygen supply for critically ill patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

(2) Maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a part of the stomach, but it is a part of systemic reaction, which directly or indirectly affects the dynamic balance. It is necessary to maintain an appropriate and effective blood volume, but too much water will cause cardiopulmonary injury. The pH value of artery will also lead to the acidosis change of pH value in gastric cancer tissue, which can increase the acidity of gastric mucosa. Therefore, it is one of the preventive measures to maintain the disorder of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance and gastrointestinal bleeding.

(3) Early nutritional support: Mucus of gastric mucosa needs energy to protect mucosal regeneration. Enteral nutrition can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal tract, stimulate the circulation of organs and liver, improve mucosal blood flow, and prevent mucosal acidosis and permeability disorder. In patients with cerebral hemorrhage, early enteral nutrition, dietary application within 24 ~ 48 hours, gradually increased from 25ml/ hour to 100ml/ hour, and antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin E and β-carotene were added. Dietary fiber can improve the nutrition of colonic mucosa and prevent intestinal infection, and the daily demand is above 10 g, which can not be taken orally. /& gt； (4) Hemostatic agent: drugs such as blood coating for hemostasis, or 100200 ml ice water and 48 mg norepinephrine can be given to the stomach.

(5) Surgical hemostasis measures are ineffective, early endoscopic examination, endoscopic hemostasis pilot, or surgical treatment.

In addition, we should closely observe the patient's condition, vomit and feces, pay attention to the changes of consciousness and skin temperature and color of limbs, monitor blood pressure and pulse, and regularly review the plot of red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit tube; The gastric juice before each injection or after eating should be kept well and observed with the naked eye. Do a occult blood test if necessary.

Cerebral Infarction

* First of all, you need to stay in bed, keep an optimistic and cheerful attitude, be full of confidence in the recovery of the disease, closely cooperate with us, actively cooperate with the treatment, and recover as soon as possible.

* Some patients will have immobility or weakness, or temporarily unable to speak, which may have a certain impact. In the later life, you will have a correct understanding of the disease, early drug control, various functional training, language rehabilitation (display numbers, look at pictures and talk, etc. ), and perseverance, has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of paralyzed limbs and language function.

* Eat light, digestible and nutritious foods with high protein, high vitamins and low fat, such as fish, soybeans, corn and soybeans. Avoid spicy and greasy food (such as tea, coffee, fried food), eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep the stool unobstructed. If there is facial paralysis, semi-liquid food, such as milk paste and porridge, is transported to the opposite side (facial paralysis), and the food should be fed slowly to avoid choking the patient and causing suffocation. If the condition is critical and swallowing is difficult, the doctor will intubate and give nasal feeding liquid to ensure the supply of nutrition.

* Patients are insensitive to hot and cold stimuli due to physical illness, so remind their families to avoid using hot water bottles for heating in cold weather and give warm help. Otherwise, it may lead to serious consequences, such as burns.

* The patient's physical adverse events were accompanied by urinary incontinence to protect the skin. After each time, the perineal perianal skin should be cleaned and kept dry, and talcum powder can be applied appropriately. Nurses go to a patient's position every two hours to pat the back to avoid long-term compression of paralyzed limb skin and bedsore.

* After onset 12 weeks, the condition is stable, and early limb function exercise, massage three times a day, passive activities, to prevent joint adhesion and muscle atrophy. Later, I increased my exercise to help myself recover as soon as possible.

training method

* Take a deep breath after active exercise, focusing on hand and foot stretching on the hemiplegic side: shoulder abduction, upper limb stretching and leg bending.

* Sports gap pillow, wooden frame, keep limb function, prevent upper limb flexion and foot drop.

* You can gradually increase the practice of sitting, standing and walking, correct your gait, and go up and down stairs. Pay attention to strengthen protection to prevent accidents such as falling.

* Initial recovery of motor function of upper limbs, strengthening self-care ability by climbing walls, taking and putting things, climbing walnuts, etc.: the key points of eating, grooming and undressing.

* The situation has further improved, such as writing, knitting and gardening.

How to communicate aphasia?

1) Speak briefly and clearly, and speak a little slower than usual.

2) Encourage conversation, don't force them to ask a simple and direct question, and let patients answer "yes" or "no"

3) For serious communication problems, you can express your opinions by gestures and facial expressions, but you should also encourage patients to communicate by gestures.

4) Every time you talk to the patient, give him enough time to think and organize what he says. BR/>； 5) Talk about him with his familiar names and terms.

What is cerebral hemorrhage? In medical treatment, hypertension is the most common inducement to exclude traumatic cerebral hemorrhage. If someone suddenly has severe headache, dizziness accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sudden inability to speak with hands and feet, unconsciousness, incontinence and high blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhage may occur. one

Health education patients need a quiet and comfortable environment, especially 2 weeks after onset. They should minimize visits, keep calm and emotional stability, and avoid the influence of various bad emotions.

Absolutely stay in bed for two weeks. You can turn your head slightly to the left and right. You should avoid overtreatment or slightly turning over in bed every 2 hours, not too tight. Peeing in bed, raising your head and limbs, this solution will not be able to get your own bed and prevent bleeding accidents from happening again.

3. Some patients have symptoms of restlessness. For this patient, we will take protective measures to restrain the belt and bed stall to prevent the patient from pulling out the infusion tube or tube unnecessarily and falling off the bed. Maybe it's too harsh for some family members. We understand that once the emotional family members are stable and no longer agitated, we will immediately leave the body in bed, and the documents need intensive care time, especially for patients with air cushion beds, to prevent them from falling off the bed. I hope we can all meet.

Headache, head swelling pain, needle pricking pain and severe pain are the most common symptoms, and we will treat them reasonably. With the improvement of conditions, the headache will gradually disappear. Don't be too nervous, but learn to divert your attention. If you still feel severe and unbearable pain during the treatment, please let us know so that the doctor can take more effective treatment measures.

Elderly patients, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular aging, high brittleness, seasonal changes are easy to induce diseases. Pulmonary infection is difficult to cough up in bed. Drugs can eliminate phlegm, strengthen turning over, pat the back, release cough phlegm and reduce pulmonary infection. Unable to expectorate, take inhalation measures, hope.

Bedridden, skin pressure for more than 2 hours prone to bedsore, to strengthen the body position. Massage pressure to keep skin clean and dry. Physical function, anti-deformity.

Diet: nutritious, low-fat, light and soft food, such as eggs and bean products. If you have difficulty eating, you can step aside and slow down to avoid choking during the conversation.

Keep the stool unobstructed, eat bananas and honey, drink plenty of water, strengthen gentle posture, massage the abdomen and reduce constipation. If there is no defecation or poor defecation on the day of hospitalization, sustained-release agents can be used to induce defecation. It is forbidden to hold your breath and forcibly defecate to prevent cerebral hemorrhage again.

& gt9. The convalescent doctor will raise the bedside by 10 15○, and gradually introduce the semi-recumbent position with high bedside for 30 minutes every day, ranging from 1 to 2 hours.

10 the cause of hypertension is a common antihypertensive drug. Take it regularly and quantitatively, and do not increase or decrease the dose at will to prevent blood pressure fluctuation and sudden drop.

1 1 Regular outpatient follow-up, blood pressure and blood lipid monitoring after discharge, and appropriate physical activities, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan.

Diet of patients with cerebral hemorrhage

Besides medication, reasonable diet rehabilitation also plays an important role.

Travel, if the patient's condition is stable, but also has different degrees of consciousness disorder and dysphagia, nasal feeding is like a digestible diet, such as thick rice soup, milk, milk, fresh vegetable juice, fruit juice and so on. Or 5-6 times of1000-2000ml of milk, and the poured food should not be overheated. 600ml of fresh milk, 350ml of thick rice soup, 2 eggs, 50g of sugar, 0g of sesame oil10g and 3g of salt are necessary raw materials. The preparation method is divided into three steps: (1) break clean eggs, put them in a clean container, add sugar, salt and oil, and stir them evenly with chopsticks; (2) 600 ml of fresh milk and 350 ml of boiled rice soup are mixed; (3) Pour the egg liquid into the boiled milk rice soup, and stir with chopsticks while pouring to obtain a mixture of 1000 ml milk. Diabetic patients are mixed with 1000 ml milk containing 40 grams of protein and eggs, 40 grams of fat, 0/20 grams of carbohydrate and 4 184 kilojoules of calories (1000 kcal), which is sugar-free.

If stroke patients are conscious but sometimes choke, they should be given a pasty diet, steamed egg soup, thick porridge with minced meat at the end of the year, rotten minced meat noodles, lotus root starch washed with milk, fruit paste or mashed with a food masher.

There is no dysphagia in rehabilitation period, and stroke patients should be light, less greasy, soft and balanced, and easy to digest.

The first is animal fat, such as lard, butter, cream and foods with high cholesterol, such as egg yolk, roe, animal viscera and fat. It should be restricted, because saturated fatty acids in these foods will increase the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and promote atherosclerosis. Vegetable oil can be used, such as soybean oil, tea oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, etc. Vegetable oil contains unsaturated fat, which can promote cholesterol excretion and convert it into bile acid.

Secondly, there should be enough protein in the diet, eat more egg white, lean meat, fish and various beans and bean products to supply amino acids for the body. Usually drink a cup of milk and a cup of yogurt every day, because milk contains milk factor and orotic acid, which can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and reduce blood fat and cholesterol in the body. Bruce. Milk skin and beans contain stigmasterol, which can also promote cholesterol excretion.

Third, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which contain vitamin C, potassium and magnesium. Vitamin C can lower cholesterol, enhance blood vessel density and prevent bleeding, while potassium and magnesium are judged to have protective effects.

Fourth, you can eat more foods rich in iodine, such as kelp, seaweed, shrimp, iodine, etc., which can reduce the deposition of cholesterol on the arterial wall and prevent atherosclerosis.

Fifth, it is advisable to eat 6 grams of salt every day, which contains a lot of sodium ions. Excessive sodium intake will increase blood volume and heart burden, and increase blood viscosity, thus making blood pressure unfavorable to stroke patients.

Avoid using exciting food. In addition, nervous system, such as wine, strong tea, coffee and spicy condiments. Eating chicken soup and broth helps to protect the cardiovascular system and nervous system, and avoids the need for overeating.

Family stroke patients can generally choose the following supplementary diet prescription: 1, 6 grams of auricularia auricula, soaking in water, adding vegetables or steaming to reduce blood lipid, antithrombotic and antiplatelet aggregation. 2 celery and red dates 10. Decocting with water, eating dates and drinking soup can reduce cholesterol in the blood. Eat fresh hawthorn or hawthorn soaked in boiling water, add some honey, and let it cool to make tea. If you have a stroke or diabetes, you should not add honey to eat raw garlic or onion 10- 15g fat to enhance fibrin activity and prevent arteriosclerosis. 5 Stroke patients should eat vinegar 5- 10 ml after meals to soften blood vessels.

Sequela of apoplexy-rehabilitation

After the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, the patient saved part of his life, but the sequelae of left hemiplegia, especially the patient's hand, always seemed to have broken a fist. The trick of our ancestral home is the trick. The patient pressed his fingernail for a day and pressed it seven or eight times, even if the player could not be restored.

Specific practice: the performer presses the root of the patient's affected hand with both thumbs. Is the source of stress. Nails, nail flesh, no pressure allowed. Find a good position, gently apply force, and the patient's fingers will lengthen. Will it take more than 30 seconds, if better ideas are added? Performers and patients read "smooth meridians and smooth blood vessels." The sequence is as follows: first press the middle finger and the root of thumb (fingers are difficult to stretch), then press the root of index finger and nameless nail, and repeatedly press the root of nail with the root of small nail for three or three times. (Changling County, Shuanghongde, Jilin)

Patients with cerebral hemorrhage should pay attention to the following problems when they pass the acute stage:

(l) Psychological care: In the acute phase, the attention of family members and patients is focused on saving lives, and they are often anxious to take care of themselves soon after the rehabilitation function is restored, or even go to work. There are many new drugs and treatments, and some patients are pessimistic, desperate and depressed. Therefore, in order to encourage patients to establish confidence in overcoming diseases, they should be physically disabled and mentally disabled. Treat your illness, seek truth from facts, and strive to achieve a good prognosis. Medical staff, good family, * * * together to overcome the disease. "They are coming, very safe." Otherwise, it is easy to be impatient and hurt if you are eager for more.

(2) Pay attention to rational drug use: Patients often suffer from several diseases or symptoms at the same time, and doctors prescribe drugs. A variety of relatives, friends or family members use only a few drugs. Excessive use of drugs may cause side effects in the stomach, liver, kidney or hematopoietic system, which may not only accelerate recovery, but also lead to other problems.

(3) Prevent the recurrence of stroke, and prevent recurrence and restore the sense of persistence. Because of the sudden recurrence of stroke, the number of attacks is more, and each combination has sequelae, so the prognosis is worse and the mortality rate is obviously increased. In order to prevent recurrence, we should pay attention to stabilizing blood pressure, eating properly and cardiopulmonary complications.

(4) Do a good job in family rehabilitation: the rehabilitation period is generally spent in the family, and family members should learn how to realize family rehabilitation. During this period, medication is not the main thing.

(5) Pay attention to rehabilitation nursing, including psychological nursing and basic nursing.

(6) Ensure proper nutrition and intake to ensure the basic needs of patients; Do a good job in special care, according to the patient's condition, nasal feeding tube, catheter bedsore care, etc. Stroke patients are often accompanied by aphasia, unable to express their wishes correctly, or coughing, swallowing difficulties, unable to ensure eating, and their intake is often insufficient or excessive, so their families should pay enough attention. Recipes, if necessary, nasal feeding tube.

(7) Smooth defecation: constipation and excessive defecation can induce cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral embolism. In order to keep the stool unobstructed, defecate regularly and eat celery, carrots and fruits properly. If necessary, drugs can be used, such as diarrhea hot water, Maren Runchang pills and fruit guide.