Please give me a primary school Chinese text from the People's Education Press (old version). It probably tells the story of a country being invaded, and then the students have the last class.

The Destruction of the Old Summer Palace

1. Interpretation of the textbook

1. Brief introduction to the text.

This intensive reading text describes the glorious landscape of the Old Summer Palace in the past and the scene of its destruction by the invaders. It expresses the author’s infinite love for the splendid culture of the motherland and his incomparable hatred for the barbaric behavior of the invaders. It inspires People do not forget the national humiliation and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission to revitalize China.

The language of the text is concise, the structure is rigorous, and the conception is quite original. The title is "Destruction", but it devotes a lot of space to writing about its glorious past and destroying beautiful things. This is really a tragedy, and it can arouse the pain and hatred of readers. The first natural paragraph summarizes and clarifies that the destruction of the Old Summer Palace is an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China and the world. It is mentioned at the end of the article that "this treasure of our country's garden art and the essence of architectural art was turned into ashes." Echoing the beginning and end, the author's feelings of regret and anger are vividly displayed on the page. The second to fourth natural sections introduce in detail the layout, architectural style and precious cultural relics of the Old Summer Palace, recreating the grandeur of the Old Summer Palace. The last natural paragraph introduces the destruction of the Old Summer Palace in concise and accurate language. The content before and after the article is closely connected, one is exalted and the other is suppressed, one is beautiful and the other is destroyed, love and hate are intertwined. Through reading, students can understand this humiliating history and inspire patriotism, which is the focus of teaching. The splendor of the Old Summer Palace has become a record of history. It is the difficulty of teaching this article to guide students to read, comprehend, imagine, and reproduce its glorious past in their minds. The title of the article is "The Destruction of the Old Summer Palace", but a large amount of space is devoted to describing the glory of the past. Letting students appreciate the author's ingenuity in arranging materials is another difficulty in teaching.

The purpose of selecting this course is to guide students to combine reading, perception, and imagination, and to combine collecting, sorting, and using information to reproduce the glory and splendor of the Old Summer Palace in the past, so that students can remember the history of humiliation. Enhance the sense of national mission and inspire love for the splendid culture of the motherland.

2. Word and sentence analysis.

Immeasurable: "Estimation" means to calculate and calculate. "Immeasurable" means that the destruction of the Old Summer Palace caused huge losses that cannot be calculated.

The stars and the moon: The main gardens of the Old Summer Palace include the Old Summer Palace, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. In addition to the three gardens, there are many small gardens. "Arch", surround. "The stars surround the moon" means countless stars surrounding the moon, which is a metaphor for many things surrounding a center. "Many small gardens... surround the Old Summer Palace like stars over the moon" depicts the overall layout of the Old Summer Palace.

Splendid: describes a building that is extremely gorgeous and dazzling.

Exquisite and translucent: "Exquisite" means delicate and smart; "Exquisite" means removing excess parts to make the sky clear. "Exquisite and translucent" describes objects that are small, exquisite, exquisite and wonderful.

Western landscape: "Western" generally refers to European and American countries. In the Changchun Garden, there is a scenic spot called "Western-style Building". This is a Western-style palace building. The capitals and shafts of the stone columns are all imitated in Roman style. The pine and cypress shrubs in the courtyard are trimmed to imitate European geometric patterns. The walls, road paving, and stone carvings are also in Western style. The "Western landscape" mentioned in the sentence "There are not only ethnic buildings but also Western landscapes in the garden" in the article refers to the "Western-style buildings". This Western-style palace building covers an area of ??more than 100 acres.

2. Teaching objectives

1. Know 6 new words and be able to write 14 new words; be able to correctly read and write "estimate, loss, palace, destruction, treasure, ashes, world-famous" Words such as "stars over the moon, exquisite carvings, pavilions and pavilions, poetic and picturesque, heaven and earth, rare treasures".

2. Read the text emotionally. Recite the third and fourth paragraphs.

3. Understand the content of the text, understand the glorious past and destruction of the Old Summer Palace, inspire love for the motherland's culture, hate the invaders, and enhance the sense of responsibility and mission to revitalize China.

4. Understand the expression characteristics of the article. Learn and apply methods of searching and organizing information.

3. Teaching Suggestions

1. This article introduces the glorious landscape of the Old Summer Palace in simple language and rich connotations. Because the landscape of the past no longer exists, when teaching, attention should be paid to guiding students to use language and words to expand their imagination, so that students can have a general understanding of the glorious landscape of the Old Summer Palace. You can rely on illustrations, or you can arrange students to collect texts, pictures, and audio-visual materials about the Old Summer Palace before class, so that students can have a more vivid understanding of the Old Summer Palace. Teachers can also closely follow the language and add some content to help students understand the text. The content in the relevant links is available for reference. The "optional questions" at the end of the text can be assigned after studying the text, and then combined with the "display stand" for communication and display. If you have the conditions, you can watch the movie "The Burning of the Old Summer Palace".

2. The introduction of "the glorious past of the Old Summer Palace" (the second to fourth natural paragraphs) is the key content of the article and also the difficulty, which can guide students to explore independently.

The research needs to have a theme, and you can find three sentences in the article that highly praise the historical status and cultural value of the Old Summer Palace - "The Old Summer Palace is a world-famous royal garden in the northwest suburbs of Beijing" and "It was the largest in the world at that time. "This treasure of our country's garden art and the essence of architectural art has turned into ashes"; grasp the key words "world-famous, museum, art gallery, treasure, essence" to guide students to discuss: " Why do people rate the Old Summer Palace so highly?” During the discussion, it was clear that the author recreated the glorious past of the Old Summer Palace from three aspects: the layout of the stars and the moon, the architecture of different styles, and the precious collection of cultural relics.

In the second natural section of teaching, you can show the floor plan of the Old Summer Palace, mark the three gardens and the surrounding small gardens with different colors, clarify the general orientation of the three gardens and the distribution of the small gardens, and then understand " The meaning of "all the stars arching over the moon" is to distinguish which is the "moon" and which is the "star". The "Chinese and foreign scenic spots" and "the realm of fantasy" in the third natural section summarize the architecture and landscape of the Old Summer Palace. When teaching, students must understand the categories of landscapes in the garden. They can fill in the blanks and quote to help students summarize, so as to understand the meaning of the Old Summer Palace as "the treasure of garden art and the essence of architectural art." After all, the beauty of the Old Summer Palace has become a thing of the past. It is difficult for students to form a vivid image in their minds just by reading articles. During teaching, students can be organized to exchange information collected before class. This not only helps to mobilize students' enthusiasm for active participation, but also cultivates students' ability to use materials to understand key and difficult points in a targeted manner. Classes that have the conditions can also use multimedia courseware to bring students into creative situations and guide them to concretely imagine and talk about the landscapes they are most interested in. For example, "I seem to have arrived in a beautiful countryside, seeing rolling rice waves, hearing the sound of gurgling water, and smelling the fragrance of rice flowers..." The scenic spots mentioned in the article should pay attention to arouse students' learning experience and life. Experience, for example, some landscapes have been understood through past studies or data collection, and some students may have personally visited them. These are all classroom teaching resources that can be used, and attention should be paid to exploring them to promote students' perception and understanding.

3. When teaching the natural part of "destruction", we must make good use of after-class thinking questions. You can use word substitution and word deletion methods, such as replacing "break in" with "enter" and delete words such as "everything, everything, real, arbitrary, and even". Through reading, comparison, and discussion, you can understand the expressions of these words. As a result, if possible, you can play clips from the movie "The Burning of the Old Summer Palace" to intuitively feel the brutality and barbarity of the invaders. You can also organize speaking practice on the basis of reading the text: "If you were next to the ruins of the Old Summer Palace at this time, what would you most want to say?" Then organize a discussion: The title of the text is "The Destruction of the Old Summer Palace", why write it in a larger space? Its glorious past? Encourage students to boldly express their opinions, understand the writing method of this article, and deepen their understanding of the text.

If students ask why the Old Summer Palace was burned down by the invaders, they can take the opportunity to infiltrate modern history education to let students understand the corruption, backwardness and incompetence of the Qing government at that time, and further arrange students to collect text or picture materials to understand The humiliation China has suffered, understanding the strength of the motherland today, inspires students to not forget the national humiliation and to revitalize China's sense of historical responsibility and mission. You can also combine the study of this article with the requirement of writing reflections in the exercises. Know the content of the exercises as early as possible, read the sample essays as early as possible, and connect the comprehension of the text with the preparation of the exercises.

4. This text is beautifully written, and the words are full of the author’s strong thoughts and feelings. When teaching, teachers can be passionate about emotion, passionate about reading, passionate about scenery, and passionate about historical facts. In particular, they should pay attention to passionate about reading. . When reading the second to fourth natural paragraphs, you should express feelings of appreciation, praise, and pride. The tone should be natural and calm, the speaking speed should be slow, and the words should be spoken eloquently. Through reading, introduction, and imaginative reading, students should be brought into more than a hundred years. In front of the Old Summer Palace. The emotion of the last natural paragraph has changed, with historical grief and indignation. When reading aloud, it should reflect the feelings of regret and hatred. The tone can be raised, and key words such as "break in, everything, everything, and any" should be pronounced with emphasis.

Reciting the third and fourth paragraphs of the text should be based on comprehension and familiarity, and a certain method should be emphasized. For example, the third natural paragraph can be filled in the blanks, read out, and imagined while memorizing; the fourth natural paragraph can be memorized by grasping the characteristics of the "total-divided-total" paragraph style.

5. There are 14 new words in this lesson that require students to be able to write. It should be noted that the right side of "tong" is different from the right side of "liu". Do not write an extra vertical line. You can use the method of comparing shapes and similar characters to analyze them. It is necessary to guide the writing of new characters with more complex shapes such as "tic", "yao", "invading" and "gui".

4. Teaching Cases

Classroom Recording Fragment 1:

Read independently and exchange first reading experience

Teacher: Listen to everyone before class I have read the text twice. Have you read it three times?

Student: Me. (Three or five students raised their hands)

Teacher: OK, please put your hands down. Is there anyone better than them? (Sheng Yisheng raised his hand and answered "four times") You read it four times, it's very good. It's good to watch it once or twice, but it's even better to watch it four times. This is called conscious learning. Please raise your right hands, students. Can we write the topic together? (Guidance while writing on the blackboard. Students’ books are empty) If it is round, write it more gracefully; if it is uneven, the top and bottom will be uneven; if it is destroyed, pay attention to the order of strokes; if it is destroyed, the top horizontal line will be longer. Please read it. (Students read the topic together)

Teacher: Everyone open the book and read the text again.

When reading, you must learn to make marks and leave traces of your thoughts. You can mark the places you write particularly well, the places you feel particularly deeply, and the places you don’t understand. (Teacher’s inspection) I found that most students drew the third paragraph. I know why you drew this paragraph. (Continue to patrol) Yes, add comments, why you drew this paragraph, and write down your understanding and experience. This is called being able to read.

Teacher: Students who have finished reading silently, please read the text aloud. You must read correctly and fluently, and it is better if you can read your own feelings. Try it yourself. (Teacher’s tour guidance)

Teacher: Put down the book. After reading the text twice, I found that the expressions on each student's face were completely different from those at the beginning of class. You all wrote your emotions after reading this text on your faces. Now let me ask you, how do you feel after reading this text?

Sheng: I think the British and French forces are shameless robbers!

Student: I hate the British and French forces!

Division: He read out "the British and French allied forces are shameless" and he read out "hate".

Student: I think the British and French forces are simply inhumane!

Sheng: The destruction of the Old Summer Palace was due to the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government at that time! I hate the British and French forces, and I also hate the Qing government.

Sheng: I am very sad about the destruction of the Old Summer Palace, because it is a shame in Chinese history!

(Selected from the "Yu Yongzheng Chinese Education and Teaching Art" album in the supplement of "Primary School Chinese Teacher")

Classroom recording excerpt 2:

Stimulate emotions and walk Entering students’ spiritual life

Teacher: Now, let us assume some history and go back to more than a hundred years ago for a small experience. If you are the king of a country who determines the future and destiny of the country - the "emperor", if you are a minister who assists the emperor in participating in the management of the country, if you are a soldier who protects the country's territory, if you are an ordinary citizen living in Beijing... …

What would you do in the face of the burning of the Old Summer Palace by the British and French forces? Please choose a character and think about it quietly, and then tell the truth. (When the students talked about one of the characters, the teacher held a discussion around that character. After the discussion, he talked about the next character.)

Student: I was the emperor at that time, but I didn’t have military power. Military power was in the hands of Lafayette Cixi. I will call on all the people to unite, even with spears, bows and arrows, we can deal with foreign guns and cannons. As long as we are united, there is hope.

Teacher: Although your imperial power is in the hands of Cixi, you are good at mobilizing the masses - a great emperor.

Sheng: If I were the emperor, I would not build the Old Summer Palace. I would use all the money for military expenses. When the British and French forces invade, I will send troops to fight them.

Student: If I were a minister of the DPRK, I would give the emperor advice to send people to study abroad and make their own guns and cannons after they return.

Sheng: I am a citizen in Beijing. I will mobilize and call on other people to unite and resist the enemy.

Sheng: If I were a soldier, I would fight them to the end. Even if I die, my body will fall in the Old Summer Palace and become a stumbling block for the enemy!

Teacher: Applause and cheer for yourself. (Applause) But unfortunately, history cannot be assumed. Please read the following small information (shown on the small blackboard)——

Student: The Old Summer Palace was enjoyed by the emperor. When the Old Summer Palace was burned, Emperor Xianfeng had no choice but to flee hastily with Cixi and others.

Student: The British and French forces sacked the Old Summer Palace twice. During the warlords' melee, some warlords looted it again, and only a few ruins of the Old Summer Palace were left.

Teacher: When our thinking perspective stays in one aspect, our thinking will stop. The experience we just had just made us look squarely at history. After reading the little information above, now, when you read the three words "Old Summer Palace", are you just filled with pride and anger?

Sheng: It’s an indescribable feeling.

Sheng: I am sad and angry! Very sad.

Teacher: I see that the expressions of the students are very complicated. Just as the classmate said just now, the feelings in my heart are complicated. When studying a text, the most important thing is to open your mind and learn to think.

We are leaving the Old Summer Palace now. So, please close your eyes. What appeared in front of you before class were ruins and flames. So, now, in your heart, is the Old Summer Palace just ruins and flames? What image does the Old Summer Palace have in your mind?

(Students answered after thinking)

Student: The Old Summer Palace is our shame.

Student: I think it is a warning sign for the Chinese people...

Teacher: The fire in the Old Summer Palace has been extinguished long ago, but our thinking cannot stop. Why did China, which has a civilization of five thousand years, be attacked by thousands of bandits in the capital? What exactly was burned in the Old Summer Palace? What exactly is destroyed? What can never be destroyed? ——Perhaps, today’s study just opened a small door for the students. I hope that everyone will start from this door, take the initiative to collect and organize text or picture materials, understand the shame that China has suffered, and think more about it. Towards a future life.

(Selected from Dou Guimei's "Classroom Teaching Records of "The Destruction of Old Summer Palace

" in "Primary School Chinese Teacher", Issue 11, 2004, with some abridgements during selection)

Old Summer Palace is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing. It was originally the royal garden of the Qing Dynasty.

It was first built in the forty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1709) and was basically completed in the ninth year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1744). Since then, the Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng dynasties have repeatedly repaired and expanded the building, which lasted for more than 150 years. The whole park covers an area of ??more than 5,200 acres and has a radius of more than 20 miles. The total building area of ??the whole park exceeds that of the Forbidden City. What people are accustomed to call the Old Summer Palace is actually the general name of the three gardens of Old Summer Palace, Changchun and Qichun (later renamed "Wanchun"), covering a very large area. The Old Summer Palace is a waterscape garden, with the water surface accounting for more than half of the entire garden area. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, there are 145 landscapes distributed, some of which are named with water as the theme. For example, "Autumn Moon on Flat Lake", "Spring Dawn on Su Di", "Moon Reflected in Three Ponds" and "Lotus in Wind in Quyuan" all come from the ten sceneries of West Lake in Hangzhou. There are also "Wuling Spring Colors" imitating the Peach Blossom Spring, "Xifeng Beauty" imitating Lushan Mountain, "Stacked Stone Maze" imitating the Lion Grove Garden, "Ruyuan" imitating the Zhanyuan Garden, "Moving Crane Steps" imitating the Crane Pavilion of Gushan, etc. etc., bringing together the essence of the world’s most beautiful scenery and famous gardens. In its heyday, the Old Summer Palace was not only a royal garden of unprecedented scale, but also the ruling center where the Qing emperors issued orders and exercised power. From Kangxi to Xianfeng, six emperors lived here for three or four months every year, handling government affairs and conducting various political activities. On both sides of the Grand Palace Gate in those days, there were offices of central government departments such as the Cabinet, the Sixth Ministry, and the Military Aircraft Department. In the ruins to the northwest, several groups of large-scale palace ruins can still be found. There are the "Zhengda Guangming Hall" where the emperor listened to government affairs, the "Jiuzhou Qing Banquet" where grand banquets were held, the "Anyou Palace" where images and sacrifices of successive Qing emperors were enshrined, and the library "Wenyuan Pavilion", etc.

In terms of architectural art, the Old Summer Palace has also formed a unique style that combines Chinese and Western styles. At the northern end of the Changchun Garden, there was originally a group of European-style garden gardens, including a "Western-style building" designed by Italian missionaries, painters such as Castiglione and other foreign experts. ), a large number of construction materials are made of finely carved stone, and various forms of pools and fountains are installed in the main scenic spots. Garden road paving, hedge pruning, as well as walls, stone carvings, bronze statues, etc. all have Western characteristics, but the roof is paved with unique Chinese glazed tiles, and the walls are inlaid with glazed bricks. At the same time, traditional Chinese stone stacking technology and Brick carving craftsmanship. At that time, it was the only garden building complex in the world that had both Eastern and Western styles. The park also contains an extremely rich collection of national treasures and rare cultural relics, which can be called a treasure house of oriental culture and art.

The Old Summer Palace is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens" and has extremely high artistic value. In October 1860, the British and French forces looted the treasures in the garden for 11 days and set them on fire for three days and three nights. In 1983, the Beijing Municipal People's Government raised funds for renovation, and Wanchun Garden, Fuhai, Ten Thousand Flowers Array (European-style maze), etc. were gradually restored and named "Old Summer Palace Heritage Park".

Extended reading

Humen Destroyed Opium

On June 3, 1839, at dawn, the city of Guangzhou was boiling. A big notice was posted next to the city gate, and people came to watch it. Some people read loudly: "The imperial envoy Lin Zexu, in compliance with the emperor's imperial decree, will publicly destroy the confiscated foreign opium at Humen Beach on June 3. Coastal residents and foreigners in Guangzhou can go and watch..." Elderly people He nodded while listening, stroking his beard with a smile. The young people waved their fists excitedly and were full of praise. The naughty children were scurrying around in the crowd, shouting happily: "The foreign devils are burning with smoke, come to Humen Beach to see it!"

Groups of common people, dressed in festive clothes They were dressed up in costumes, beating gongs and drums, and dancing lions and dragon lanterns vigorously; the children carried a bunch of firecrackers on bamboo poles, crackling and deafening. A huge flow of people rushed towards Humen Beach.

People heading to Humen Beach pass by the British Mansion. There, the British used to be arrogant and arrogant. But today, the mansion was deathly silent. A few British businessmen looking out of the window were so frightened that they quickly pulled their heads back when they saw the sea of ??people and loud shouts.

Humen is about a hundred miles away from Guangzhou City. People braved the scorching sun in June and traveled long distances to come and see it. Humen Beach is crowded with people and the water is tight.

Two 15-foot-square tobacco burning ponds were dug at the height of Humen Beach. There is a culvert in front of the ponds that leads directly to the sea, and a ditch in the back to fill them with water. Several high platforms were built around the pool, and civil and military officials such as Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, and Guan Tianpei supervised the burning of cigarettes from the high platforms.

The smokers first filled the pond with water, then poured bags of sea salt into the pond, then cut the tobacco into four pieces and threw them into the water. After the soot has soaked, pour loads of quicklime into the pool. After a while, the pool seemed to be boiling, black opium was rolling around in the pool, and clouds of white smoke steamed upwards from the pool, filling the entire Humen Beach. The onlookers cheered and jumped. Amid thunderous cheers, the culverts leading to the sea were opened, and the destroyed opium was swept away by the roaring waters.

Many foreign businessmen were shocked when they saw this earth-shattering scene, so they walked respectfully to Lin Zexu's stage, took off their hats, and bowed down to show awe. Lin Zexu said to them righteously: "Now you have all seen that China strictly prohibits smoking. I hope that after you go back, you can tell businessmen from all over the world to only do legitimate business from now on, and never violate the prohibition of China. Smuggling opium will lead to a trap." The businessmen listened attentively and repeatedly claimed that it was true.

It took 23 days to destroy more than 20,000 boxes of opium.

This feat greatly boosted the ambition of the Chinese people and greatly destroyed the prestige of foreign invaders.