What are these two flowers?

1, Japanese late cherry 2, phoenix tree. Hope to adopt, see Baidu Japanese late cherry, Rosaceae cherry, deciduous trees, a few evergreen shrubs, silver-gray bark, lip lenticels, oval oval, oblong to obovate leaves. The flowering period is obviously influenced by climate, and it is a famous ornamental plant. Bud has the medicinal value of "relieving cough and expelling wind"

Chinese Name: Late Sakura in Japan

Latin scientific name sakura variety. Lannesiana (Carl. ) Mu Ye

Don't weigh the petals of cherry blossoms

plant kingdom

angiosperm

Dicotyledons, Dicotyledons, Dicotyledons

Primitive perianth subclass

Rosales of Rosales

Rosesuborder

Rosaceae Rosaceae

Subdivide Lyako Prunoideae

Cherry blossoms of the genus Sakura

Subg。 The typical subgenus of Sakura —— Sakura.

Planting Japanese Tamarix cherry

The distribution area is native to Japan and is widely cultivated in Japanese gardens. China introduced cultivation.

catalogue

Morphological characteristics of 1

2 geographical distribution

3 growth habits

4 cultivation techniques

Cutting method

Planting and breeding

5 pest control

6 Gardens and ornamental plants

Seven subspecies

8 factory importance

Morphological characteristics of 1

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Trees, 3-8m high, with grayish brown or grayish black bark and lipped lenticels. Branchlets grayish white or brownish, glabrous. Winter buds are oval and hairless. Leaf blade ovoid or obovate, 5-9 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, tapering at the apex, rounded at the base, tapering at the edge, with single and double serrations, small glands at the tip of teeth, dark green hairless at the upper part, light green hairless at the lower part, and 5-8 pairs of lateral veins; Petiole length1-1.5cm, hairless, with 1-3 round glands at the top; Stipules linear, 5-8 mm long, with glandular teeth at the edge, caducous. Inflorescence umbellate or subumbellate, with 2-3 flowers; The involucral bracts are brownish red, obovate-oblong, about 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, glabrous outside and villous inside; The total length of the stem is 5-65438 00 mm, without hair; Bracts are brown or brownish green, 5-8 mm long and 2.5-4 mm wide, with lateral glandular teeth; Pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm long, glabrous or extremely sparsely pilose; Calyx tube tubular, 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, swollen at the top, sepals triangular-lanceolate, ca. , long mm, apex acuminate or acute; The whole edge; Petals pink, obovate, apex concave; Stamens ca. 38; Style glabrous. Drupe is spherical or ovoid, purple-black, with a diameter of 8- 10 mm. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is June-July. [ 1]

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2 geographical distribution

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North China to Yangtze River Basin

North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area (major cities: Shenyang, Huludao, Dalian, Dandong, Anshan, Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Panjin, Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Linfen, Changzhi, Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Tangshan, Handan, Xingtai, Chengde, Jinan, Dezhou, Yan 'an, Baoji and Tianshui).

North subtropical deciduous, evergreen and broad-leaved mixed forest areas (major cities: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangyang and Shiyan)

Central subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area (major cities: Wuhan, Jingmen, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu, Dujiangyan, etc.

Late Sakura in Japan, Wuhan University

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3 growth habits

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Cherry blossom is a shallow-rooted tree species, which likes sunshine, fertile and well-drained soil and has certain cold tolerance.

4 cultivation techniques

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Late cherry blossoms in Japan are large, double petals, bright colors, fragrant smells and long flowering periods, and are excellent varieties of cherry blossoms. Its grafting propagation is slow, the operation is complicated, and hard branch cutting is difficult to take root. Using vermiculite as substrate and annual branches with buds in full bloom as cuttings, the survival rate is very high.

Cutting method

1, matrix

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Using expanded vermiculite as substrate and keeping pH 6.2, the temperature of vermiculite seedbed is 2℃ to 3℃ higher than that of soil bed at night, while the temperature is 65438 0℃ to 2℃ lower than that of soil bed at noon, which shows that vermiculite seedbed has small temperature difference between day and night, large accumulated temperature and good thermal insulation effect, which is beneficial to root growth. In production, granular vermiculite is the best, which has good permeability and is conducive to rooting. Powder vermiculite has high viscosity and poor air permeability. Don't mix soil in vermiculite when raising seedlings, otherwise the roots will rot easily.

2. Cutting time

It can be carried out from April to July, and the survival rate of cherry cutting is the highest in full bloom, and the plant is at the peak of physiological activity and easy to take root. Cutting was cut on April 28th, and seedling emergence was not delayed after transplanting on June 28th. Five days later, a new bud of 0.5 cm grew. After four years of cultivation, the tree was full of flowers.

3. Selection and treatment of cuttings

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(1) Selection of cuttings: Cut branches with the length of 15cm from the robust mother tree, with annual branches at the upper end and annual branches at the lower end. Leaves on new shoots can make nutrients, annual branches are lignified, and cuttings are easy to survive. Most cuttings of 3-6 year-old branches rot and die. The survival rate of cuttings is related to age. The older the branches, the weaker their physiological functions, and the more difficult it is to survive.

(2) Cutting treatment: Before cutting, remove the leaves inserted with vermiculite and keep the upper leaves. Quickly dip the cuttings with 1000ppm NAA. That is, insert the base of the cuttings into 1000ppm NAA solution for 2 ~ 3cm, then immediately take out the cuttings and dip them.

4. Cutting method

The seedbed is 20 cm high, and its width 1 m (the length depends on the number of cuttings) is made of bricks. The bottom of the seedbed is paved with river sand of 2 ~ 3cm, and then filled with vermiculite with a thickness of15cm. Install 1 centrifugal sprinklers every 1 meter, or connect the sprinkler rod to the tap water pipe for spraying. A shade shed will be built at the beginning of May, and branches will be used as fences around it to keep out the wind. In order to keep warm and moist, the seedbed can also be covered with a plastic shed cover. The cuttings are vertically inserted into vermiculite in rows, with a spacing of 2 cm and a row spacing of 4 cm, and watered after insertion. The cutting depth is 6-8 cm, because it is observed that the temperature at 5 cm is 2℃-4℃ higher than that at 10 cm, and most of the healing tissues and adventitious roots are born at 6-8 cm.

5. Post-insertion management

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Frequent spraying and keeping leaves moist are the key to survival. At noon when the temperature is high, the number of sprays is more and the interval is shorter. There is no need to spray dew at night and in the morning. The relative humidity of air is above 90%, and the humidity of vermiculite is between 58% and 60%. This index must be achieved before rooting, especially before healing tissue is formed. In early May, a shade shed should be set up to prevent the sun from exposure. When the temperature in the plastic shed exceeds 35℃, open the two ends of the shed for ventilation, and then seal it after the temperature drops to 27℃. If the weather is too hot, spraying water outside the plastic shed can not only reduce the temperature, but also avoid the excessive water content of vermiculite caused by excessive spraying.

6, transplanting time and method

Transplant the cuttings in time when the root system grows to 6-8 cm. When transplanted too late, the root system of cuttings will turn brown and rot, and the leaves will turn yellow gradually. This is because vermiculite can only play the role of heat preservation, moisture preservation and ventilation, and can promote root growth, but it has no nutrients for cuttings to continue to grow. In addition, cuttings with few roots or only callus without roots should be left in the seedbed and transplanted after the roots grow.

Creating an environment suitable for the continuous growth of cutting seedlings is the key to ensure the survival of transplanting. To choose a fertile plot without water, make a north-south border with a length of 8 meters and a width of 0.3 meters, mix it with sandy loam and turn it over 30 centimeters, and then cover it with sandy loam with a thickness of 2 centimeters. Level the border, plant one row in each border, and the spacing between plants is 30cm. Put the root system of the cuttings together with the surrounding vermiculite into the planting hole and cover the hole with sand. Don't press hard, lest you break the tender roots. Immediately, the border was irrigated with water, and a 1.2-meter-high shade shed was built on it. Spray it 2-3 times a day, keep the leaves moist and water them frequently until the ground is wet and dry. The seedlings transplanted in this way are not delayed, with high survival rate and normal growth.

Planting and breeding

1, seed cultivation-less seeds

2. Cutting rooting-Prunus is difficult to take root by cutting, which may be related to the accumulation of inert substances in dormant branches.

3. Non-test-tube rapid propagation technology

5 pest control

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(1) Nodular nodule disease: At the onset, tumors appear at the roots of plants, with different shapes and sizes, brown to dark brown colors and rough epidermis.

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Now it is cracked, which occurs near the ground or root neck or at the junction of rootstock and scion. Plants usually show poor growth and short stature after being damaged.

Prevention and control methods: dig out the damaged plants, wash the soil, soak the roots with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 ~ 8 minutes, rinse them after soaking, and then plant them; The tumor was removed and 0. 1% mercuric chloride solution was applied to the wound before implantation.

(2) Anthracnose: At the initial stage of the disease, there are round lesions on young leaves, which can form perforations after healing. After June, the leaves became hard, and the lesions on the leaves were rough and brown. When the disease is serious, it can cause a lot of fallen leaves and cause bud withering.

Control method: 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times solution or 500% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution are sprayed alternately for 3-4 times with an interval of 7- 10 days each time; It is forbidden to spray leaves on plants during the onset period.

(3) Brown spot: At the onset of the disease, there are gray-brown circular spots on the leaves, which gradually form circular spots with a diameter of about 3 cm and clear boundaries, with purple-brown outside and white-brown in the middle, with wheel marks, and irregular perforations are formed after the spots die and fall off.

Prevention and treatment methods: 50% Garinon 1000 times solution can be sprayed after onset, once every 10 day for 3 ~ 4 times continuously, which can effectively control the disease.

6 Gardens and ornamental plants

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Its flowers are big and fragrant, and they are full of flowers as soon as they open. Cherry blossoms have both the fragrance of plums and the brilliance of peaches, and there are hundreds of varieties. Generally speaking, it is better to plant cherry blossoms in groups, and it is best to plant them in groups with evergreen trees as a foil. This can not only give full play to the ornamental effect of cherry blossoms, but also be beneficial to the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

When there is a little scenery in the garden, it is best to use different numbers of plants, plant them in groups, and have background trees. Mume is suitable for planting in large natural scenic spots, especially in mountainous areas; It can be planted according to different altitude and microclimate environment, and can also extend the flower viewing period to enrich the interest of the scenery. Tokyo cherry blossoms are better used in city parks because of their gorgeous style.

The large and fragrant varieties of Japanese late cherry blossoms and the "four-season cherry blossoms" that bloom in all seasons should be planted next to garden buildings or go their own way; As for the "Oshima Sakura" in the late cherry blossom period, it is a good material for coastal cities and industrial and mining cities.

Seven subspecies

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In Japan, the classification of horticulture calls wild species "plum", and artificial breeding and natural variation are called "plum". Common cherry blossom varieties in China gardens mainly include:

● Yunnan early cherry (P.majestica) is native to Yunnan. The flowering period is from the end of February to the beginning of March. Flowers first and then leaves, the flowers are crimson, with about 25 petals and a flower diameter of about 2.5 cm. Flowers half-open, drooping, sepals red. Young leaves are dark brown.

Prunus x yedoensis, an important Japanese cherry cultivar, is a hybrid of Oshima Sakura and Edo Sakura, which inherited the characteristics of big flowers and leaves after flowers. Flowering in mid-March, single petal, pale pink, 4 ~ 5 flowers forming racemes, sepals and pedicels hairy. The height of the tree can reach10 ~15m.

● Buxus macrophylla, the representative of wild cherry blossoms, has a tree height of15m. It blooms in mid-March, with flowers and leaves in full bloom. These flowers are white, single and open in an umbrella shape. The calyx tube is bell-shaped, the sepals are lanceolate, the edges are serrated, and the flowers are glabrous as a whole. Many cherry blossom gardening varieties originated from Oshima Sakura.

P.lannesiana Sekiyama is a Japanese late cherry variety, which is widely planted in China. At the end of March or early April, flowers bloom and leaves fall. The flowers are dark red, the flower diameter is about 6 cm, the petals are about 30, two pistils have leaves, and they cannot bear fruit. The pedicels are thick and long. Young leaves are dark brown. Branchlets are numerous and bent upward.

● Peony Sakura (red and pink flowers)

● Rain House (white flowers)

8 factory importance

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Cherry blossoms are warm, pure and noble. After the severe winter, they first brought the breath of spring to the Japanese people. The Japanese government has designated March 15 to April 15 every year as "seeing flowers and enjoying flowers". In this flower viewing festival, people bring relatives, invite friends, sit on the floor under the cherry trees with wine and vegetables, and enjoy the cherry blossoms while drinking. It is really a great pleasure in life.

Cherry blossoms have a history of 1000 years in Japan. In Heian period (794- 1 192), cherry blossoms became the leading role, and there were five times more songs about cherry blossoms than Yongmei flowers. And there have been cherry blossom viewing activities in Japan for a long time. In the 7th century, Emperor Zhi Zhi was particularly fond of cherry blossoms and visited yoshinoyama in Nara many times. In addition, it is said that the first cherry blossom viewing conference in Japanese history was held under the auspices of Emperor Emei in the 9th century. At first, cherry blossom viewing was only popular among dignitaries, and it didn't spread to ordinary people until the Edo period (1603- 1867), forming a traditional folk custom.

Cherry blossoms have a short life span. There is a folk proverb in Japan that says: "Cherry blossoms last for seven days", that is, it takes about seven days for a cherry blossom to bloom and wither, and about 16 days for a whole cherry tree to bloom and wither, which forms the characteristics of cherry blossoms blooming and falling. It is this feature that makes cherry blossoms so attractive. Being honored as the national flower is not only because of its charm and charm, but more importantly, its "heroic" withering after its brief glory. Ask the soul of Yamato and watch the cherry blossoms at sunrise. The Japanese believe that life is short, living is as brilliant as cherry blossoms, and even if you die, you should leave decisively. When the cherry blossoms fall, they are spotless and crisp, and are honored as the Japanese spirit.

In addition, as a friendly messenger of the Japanese people, cherry blossoms have been in full bloom in many parts of the world. 1972 When Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations were normalized, China presented a pair of giant pandas to Japan, and the Japanese government selected 1000 cherry saplings from Nagaomachi, Hokkaido, which were presented to China by then Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei during his visit to China. These cherry saplings were planted in Beijing. Later, almost every year, the Japanese government or non-governmental organizations or friendly organizations presented cherry blossoms to China. These affectionate cherry blossoms add a friendship and warmth to the people of China and Japan.