Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, one of the four plateaus.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest plateau in the world. China's distribution includes Xizang Autonomous Region in the southwest, western Sichuan Province and parts of Yunnan Province, all parts of Qinghai Province in the northwest, southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and parts of Gansu Province.

The whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau also includes some areas bordering Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, with a total area of nearly 3 million square kilometers. With an area of 2.57 million square kilometers and an average elevation of 4,000-5,000 meters, it is known as the "roof of the world" and "roof of the world". It is the birthplace of many great rivers in Asia. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, formerly known as Qingkang Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (25 ~ 40 north latitude and 74 ~ 104 east longitude), is a plateau area with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters in Central Asia. Its border is Hengduan Mountains in the east, Himalayas in the south and west, and Kunlun Mountains in the north, with a total area of 2.5 million square kilometers.

At the end of last century, the height of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was about 1 1,000 m, and it rose by 4,000m during the Quaternary period (early Pleistocene: 1 1,000 m, middle Pleistocene: 1 1,000 m, late Pleistocene: 1 1,500 m,.

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has caused obstacles to the air flow from north to south and from east to west, which has aggravated the drought in northwest China. The huge plateau strengthens the monsoon in the eastern region and has a great influence on the natural landscape of the surface; Formed a cold climate, with a large area of glacial permafrost.

In addition, the uplift of mountains leads to the reduction of rivers. Due to the acceleration of the late uplift, the river cutting speed is less than the mountain uplift speed. On the plateau, the river winds, the valley is wide and shallow, and the water flow is gentle. At the edge of the plateau, rivers are strongly cut, forming alpine canyons, and the rivers are turbulent, which has become a unique phenomenon. 240 million years ago, due to the rapid northward movement and compression of the Indian plate separated from the plate movement, strong folds, fractures and uplifts occurred in the northern part of the plate, which promoted the Kunlun Mountain and Hoh Xil area to grow into land, and then the Indian plate continued to insert northward under the ancient oceanic crust, pushing the oceanic crust to break continuously.

About 2 1 10,000 years ago, the North Tethys Sea once again entered the tectonic active period, and the North Qiangtang area, Karakorum Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Hengduan Mountain were separated from the sea immersion. By 80 million years ago, the Indian plate continued to drift northward, causing strong tectonic movement again. The Gangdise Mountains and Nyainqentanglha Mountains have risen sharply, and parts of northern and southern Tibet have also left the sea and become land. The whole terrain is broad and gentle, with rivers and lakes criss-crossing, vast plains, humid climate and dense jungle, and the plateau landform pattern has basically taken shape.

Geologically, this tectonic movement of plateau uplift is called Himalayan movement. The uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not a uniform movement, nor a one-off surge, but has gone through several different uplift stages, and each uplift has enabled the plateau landform to evolve. Ten thousand years ago, the plateau rose faster, with an average annual increase of 7 cm, becoming the "roof of the world" on the earth today.

The geological history of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with definite evidence can be traced back to the Ordovician period 400-500 million years ago. Since then, various parts of the Qinghai-Tibet region have experienced different crustal ups and downs, either submerged by seawater or on land. By 280 million years ago (early Permian in geological age), the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was a vast and turbulent ocean.

This sea area spans the southern part of Eurasia and communicates with the waters of North Africa, South Europe, West Asia and Southeast Asia. It is called "Tethys Sea" or "Ancient Mediterranean". At that time, the Tethys Sea had a warm climate, which made it a prosperous area for marine animals and plants.

Its north and south sides are divided primitive ancient land (also called Pangu land), and its south side is called Gondwana, including South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the South subcontinent; The northern continent is called Eurasia, also known as Lauea and North America. Climate and characteristics

The tall and vigorous Himalayas are located on the southern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, blocking the strong and humid Indian Ocean water vapor from the south, which has a great influence on the plateau precipitation. The southeast corner of the plateau is at a low altitude, and the Indian Ocean water vapor moves northward and westward along the Yarlung Zangbo River and other valleys. Therefore, the precipitation is also decreasing from the southeast of the plateau to the northwest. There are many modern glaciers in the Himalayas, southeastern Tibet and many alpine areas.

Due to the height of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the air here is dry and thin, with strong solar radiation and low temperature. Due to the complex and changeable topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the climate itself changes greatly with the region, and generally speaking, there is less rainfall on the plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau itself is also an important factor affecting the earth's climate. Paleontological and geological surveys show that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has greatly changed the global climate. As a tall wind screen, it effectively blocks the cold air from the northern mainland from entering South Asia. At the same time, the Himalayas blocked the warm and humid airflow from the south from advancing northward, which was an important factor causing the rainy season in South Asia.

mountain range

There are many mountains around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, most of which extend from northwest to southeast. Compared with the ground outside the plateau, they suddenly rise, and they rise a lot. Many peaks in the southern Himalayas rank among the top ten in the world, especially Mount Everest, which is the highest peak in the world. At the same time, there are many peaks in the plateau besides the plain, and the heights vary greatly. These include: Kunlun Mountain, Karakorum Mountain, Tanggula Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Gangdise Mountain, Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Himalaya Mountain.

glacier

The modern glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are all developed in the huge mountain system of the plateau, with a total glacier area of 49 1.62 square kilometers, accounting for 83.8% of the total glacier area of 5865 1 square kilometer in China, and equivalent to 40% of the glacier area in Asian mountain areas.

Glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are unevenly distributed in the region, mainly concentrated in the southern half of the plateau and the eastern region. Kunlun Mountain has the largest glacier area, about 12482 square kilometers, followed by Himalayan Mountain, with an area of 1 1055 square kilometers, accounting for 27% and 24% of the total glacier area in the whole region respectively. The total glacier reserves are 3,856.3 billion cubic meters, accounting for 75% of the national glacier reserves of 5132.2 billion cubic meters. The glacier reserves of Kunlun Mountain and Himalayan Mountain account for 33.8% and 25.8% of the total glacier reserves of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, respectively.

Glaciers in the middle and low latitudes of the earth are mainly concentrated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering an area of about 47,000 square kilometers, accounting for more than 80% of the total area of glaciers in China. These include: Himalayan modern glacier, Nyainqentanglha mountain modern glacier, Kunlun mountain modern glacier, Karakorum mountain modern glacier, Hengduan mountain modern glacier, Tanggu mountain modern glacier, Gangdise mountain modern glacier, Qiangtang plateau modern glacier, Qilian mountain modern glacier and so on.

river

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest level of three-level terrain in China. Tilting from east to west to north and south, it has become the birthplace and watershed of major international rivers such as Yangtze River, Yellow River, Nujiang River, Lancang River, Yarlung Zangbo River, Ganges River and Indus River in China. The rivers that originated here have nurtured a large area of land and population in Southeast Asia and South Asia. In addition, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has nurtured countless small rivers, the number of which is simply incalculable, so the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is called the "Chinese Water Tower".

Uplift of plateau, active geological structure, complex geological landform and various climate types play a decisive role in the development of many rivers. In the humid and semi-humid areas in the southeast, east and south of the plateau, the river network is dense, belonging to perennial rivers, mostly outflow rivers. The western and northern parts of the plateau belong to arid and semi-arid areas, and the river network is not very developed, mostly seasonal rivers, mostly inland rivers.

lake

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the roof of the world, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. The air is extremely thin and the climate is extremely cold. This unique natural environment has created perennial glacier snow-capped mountains, green plateau lakes, and blue sky and white clouds at your fingertips, which fascinates travel enthusiasts all over the world.

However, the unique scenery of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is accompanied by unbearable harsh living environment. Low temperature, lack of oxygen, strong ultraviolet rays, and lack of living materials, the long and arduous road to Tibet for thousands of years has discouraged countless people who yearn for it.

There are many lakes connected together, and there are generally two main reasons for their formation. First, because of the erosion of glaciers, ice has formed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Erosion depressions, together with perennial snow melting and glacier melting, are also surface fractures caused by crustal activity, forming valleys and depressions.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is dotted with lakes, which is the largest area and the largest number of lakes in China. According to statistics, in Qinghai and Tibet provinces alone, there are 1 019 lakes with an area exceeding 100, of which 63 lakes have an area exceeding100, and 3 lakes have an area exceeding 1000. The total area of lakes in the whole region is 36,889 square kilometers, accounting for 52% of the total area of 70,989 square kilometers in China.

According to the characteristics of water system, lakes can be divided into outflow lakes and inflow lakes. Among them, there are 235 lakes flowing out of the lake area, and the reserves of lakes flowing into the lake area are 5 182 billion cubic meters, accounting for 73.2% of the national total reserves of 707.7 billion cubic meters.

According to hydrochemical characteristics, lakes can be divided into freshwater lakes and saltwater lakes. In the total water volume of lakes, the fresh water reserves are 65.438+0035 billion cubic meters, accounting for 654.38+02.7% of the total water storage. The lakes are mainly saltwater lakes and salt lakes.

The main lakes are: Qinghai Lake, Zhaling Lake, Eren Lake, Bangong Cuo, Guozha Cuo, Lumajiang East Cuo, La Ang Cuo, Mabian Yongcuo, Ang Laren Cuo, Zabuye Chaco, Taruo Cuo, Zhari Namco, Dangrao Cuo, Angzi Cuo, Geren Cuo, Cuo Russia, Ayakumu Lake, Selin Cuo and Wulan Wula. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is sparsely populated. But even so, there may be

Humans existed in the Paleolithic Age 20,000 years ago. The culture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is influenced by the surrounding cultures (China culture, Western culture, Persian culture and Indian culture), but at the same time it retains its own uniqueness. There are many kinds of Tibetan folk literature, with a wide range of subjects and rich contents. Among them, The Biography of King Gesar is the most widely circulated and influential among Tibetan people. The Biography of King Gesar is by far the longest biography in the world.

Narrative heroic epic. In a romantic way, it tells the story of Gesar, a national hero of a tribe named Ling in Tibetan areas, who defended his country, resisted the enemy, destroyed ghosts and exorcised evil spirits.

In addition, stories about the marriage of Princess Wencheng in the Tang Dynasty and King Songzan Gampo of Tibet are widely circulated in Tibetan areas, such as the story of Akodemba with vivid and humorous language and the story of tea and salt with profound and euphemistic meanings. Tibetan architecture, painting and sculpture have superb skills and unique styles, especially temple architecture. The roof of the main hall is covered with gold-plated copper tiles, and the top is decorated with pagodas and monsters, which is magnificent. Carve beams and draw buildings, and draw terraces in temples.

The overlapping pavilions, murals, wood carvings, stone carvings, painted bowls, gold, silver and bronzes are brightly colored and vivid, all of which show the intelligence of the Tibetan people.

In addition, Tibetans also have a high level of craftsmanship in making sabres and saddles. Thangka is a kind of scroll painting with strong national characteristics, which can be divided into embroidered thangka, brocade thangka, applique thangka and pearl thangka due to different materials. Its theme and content are rich, mostly religious activities, and also reflect the history and national customs of the Tibetan people. Tibetan people are good at singing and dancing, and they are famous for their music and dancing. Tibetan folk songs are varied in timbre, loud and broad, and full of plateau flavor. Tibetan dance, with diverse styles: Pot Zhuang dance is passionate; The string dances are graceful and graceful, with sleeves and light helmets. Among them, Caodi Guozhuang and Batang Heizai are the most famous. Tibetan opera is a comprehensive art integrating poetry, music and dance, with a history of more than 700 years. geographical position

It is located in the north of the yinshan mountains, west of Daxing 'anling, north to the national border, and west to the vicinity of East longitude 106. It is located between 40 20' and 50 50' north latitude and between106 ~12140' east longitude, covering an area of about 340,000 square kilometers. Administrative divisions include western Hulunbeier League, most of Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu League and northern Bayannaoer League. The Inner Mongolia Plateau in a broad sense also includes the Ordos Plateau south of Yinshan Mountain and the Alashan Plateau west of Helan Mountain. Inner Mongolia Plateau is also called Northern Plateau. Including all the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and the vast areas in the northern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, starting from Daxinganling and Sukeshelu Mountains in the east, Mazong Mountain in the west and Qilian Mountain in the south, Shandake Sandy Land, Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land, Hulunbeier Sandy Land and Horqin Sandy Land. The larger deserts are Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Wulanbuhe Desert and Kubuqi Desert.

Climatic characteristics

Inner Mongolia Plateau has weak summer monsoon, strong winter monsoon, dry climate, cold winter and abundant sunshine. The annual average temperature is 3 ~ 6℃, 1 monthly average temperature is -28 ~- 14℃, and the lowest temperature can reach -50℃. The average temperature in July is 16 ~ 24℃, and there is little high temperature weather. The active accumulated temperature of forage during the growth period is above 10℃, which is 2000 ~ 3000℃. The annual total solar radiation is 500 ~ 670 kJ/cm2, and the annual sunshine hours are 2600 ~ 3200, which is one of the regions with more sunshine hours in China. The annual precipitation is less distributed in the east and west, with the range of 150 ~ 400 mm, accounting for 70% of the annual concentrated rainfall from June to August, and the annual variation rate of precipitation is large. Inner Mongolia Plateau is one of the windy areas in China, with an annual average wind speed of 4 ~ 6m/s, which gradually increases from east to west. The number of windy days above magnitude 8 is 50 ~ 90 days, and winter and spring account for about 60% of the windy days in the whole year. When the wind speed is 6 ~ 7m/s, obvious sand blowing can occur. In the western part of the plateau, the annual number of sandstorm days reaches 10 ~ 25 days. Strong wind is not good for animal husbandry production, but it provides important power resources for the plateau.

Simple distribution

The Yellow River flows through this section of the central Inner Mongolia Plateau, and in some places the valley shrinks and becomes a canyon. In some places, the river valley is wide and the sediment accumulates into fertile alluvial plain, which is the famous Hetao Plain (Hetao has been called "Jiangnan" since ancient times, which is the result of working people building channels here to irrigate farmland with Yellow River water). There are only three people per square kilometer in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is an area where people of Mongolian, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen and Han nationalities have been engaged in animal husbandry for a long time. Before 1950s, herdsmen lived a nomadic life, and the production of animal husbandry was very backward. The number of livestock has more than tripled since the 1950s. However, due to various reasons, the carrying capacity of grassland is increasing, and the contradiction between livestock and grass is deepening.

Hailar is the residence of the Hulunbeier League office and the largest industrial center in the plateau. The Yimin River coalfield in the south of the city is one of the five open-pit coal mines in China, and Manzhouli and Erenhot are the northern border cities of China. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is located in the southwest of China, starting from Hengduan Mountains in the west, bordering Sichuan Basin in the north and Xuefeng Mountain in the east. It covers the eastern part of Yunnan Province, the whole province of Guizhou, the northwestern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the borders of Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and Hunan provinces, covering an area of more than 300,000 square kilometers.

It is the intersection of two groups of mountains in China, north and south and northeast and southwest. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Roughly bounded by Wumeng Mountain, it is divided into Yunnan Plateau and Guizhou Plateau. The western Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is more than 2,000 meters above sea level, and the plateau topography is obvious. The eastern Guizhou Plateau is undulating, with many mountains and few plateau areas. It is called "Mountain Source" and its altitude is between 1000- 1500m.

Yunnan Plateau and Guizhou Plateau are linked together, and the boundary is unclear, so they are collectively called "Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau". Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is located between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Hunan-Guangxi Hill and the northern plateau of Indo-China Peninsula, and it belongs to the second step of Chinese topography.

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is complex in topography, rich in mineral resources and biological resources, and rich in hydropower resources due to the differences in topography. Libo Xiao Qi Kong

The seven small archways in Libo, with the water features of Zhangjiang River system and the vast karst forest landscape as the main body, are the Wuyang River with a total length of 25 kilometers, which imitates the scenery of the Three Gorges, Hongfeng Lake, which integrates mountains, water, lakes and caves, and the unique Maling River Canyon and its rift valley drifting, all of which are good places to visit.

Maling River Canyon

Maling River has a slightly sad title-"Beautiful Scar on the Earth", which vividly tells the spectacular and steep of Maling River. Maling River is more than 70 kilometers long, and a narrow and deep fissure canyon is cut in Pingchuan. This kind of structure is extremely rare in the world and has the reputation of "the first crack in the world".

The drifting section of Maling River is more than 50 kilometers long and is divided into upper, middle and lower sections. Drifting through 18 beach, more than 60 bays, more than 30 ponds and 200 waterfalls, which lasted about 8 hours, has the reputation of "the first drifting in the world". It is the only whitewater canoeing training base in Guizhou Province, and also the place where the first China International Canoeing Rafting Competition was successfully held.

Huangguoshu Waterfall

Huangguoshu Waterfall is the core scenic spot of Huangguoshu, located in Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, China. It is the largest first-class waterfall in the nine-level waterfall group of Baishui River, a tributary of Dabang River in the Pearl River system, and is named after a local common plant "Huangguoshu". The waterfall is 77.8 meters high, of which the main waterfall is 67 meters high; The width of the waterfall is 10 1 m, in which the width of the top of the main waterfall is 83.3 m. Huangguoshu Waterfall is a typical eroded waterfall in karst landform. With it as the core, 18 waterfalls with different styles, such as male, strange, dangerous and beautiful, have been formed in the 20 km upstream and downstream of Huangguoshu Waterfall. 1999 was rated as the largest waterfall group in the world by Guinness World Headquarters and listed in Guinness World Records.

Luoping rape flower

There are two best places for Luoping to see and photograph rape blossoms: Jinji Peak and niujie. Jinjifeng is located in the northeast of Luoping County and boarded the Jinjiling observation deck. I saw flowers at my feet, and Jin Lang rolled over with the wind, and the fragrance was overflowing. Dozens of hills scattered in the sea have become islands in the middle of the lake. The village in the distance can only be described as a fairy house. Generally, photos of Luoping Flower Sea are taken here.

Niujie is in the north of the city. This place is called jiulong town. Locals used to call it niujie. The rape fields here are completely different from those in Jinjifeng. The Golden Rooster Peak gives people the impression that the atmosphere is spectacular, and it is small and exquisite here. Terraces are like snails around mountains, so the terraces in this place are also called snail fields. Niujie and the national highway westbound to Shizong are hilly. Rape flowers are planted with the terrain, interwoven with winter wheat, vegetables and other color blocks, which is a charm compared with the golden rooster flower sea.

Zhijin cave

Zhijin Cave, formerly known as Daji Cave, is located in Guanzhai Township, 23 kilometers northeast of zhijin county, Guizhou Province, and 0/20 kilometers away from Guiyang/KLOC, the provincial capital. 1980 In April, the tourist resources investigation team organized by zhijin county Municipal People's Government discovered this cave. It is a multi-level and multi-type karst cave, with a length of 6.6 kilometers, the widest point 175 meters, and the relative height difference exceeding 150 meters. The whole cave has a volume of 5 million cubic meters and a wide space, with three floors in total. There are more than 40 kinds of karst deposits in the cave, showing some main morphological categories of karst caves. Zhijin Cave is the essence of this scenic spot, and it is a treasure house of large-scale and peculiar cave resources discovered in China. The depth of the cave is 10 kilometers, the widest part of the two walls is 173 meters, and the highest part is 50 meters.

Liyuan grassland

Liyuan Grassland is the first grassland in the southwest of China, and is known as the Pearl of the Plateau. Grassland is located in Liyuan Village, Nigao Township, Wuchuan County, 7 kilometers away from Nigao Township/kloc-0, and about 40 kilometers away from Wuchuan County. Fiona Fang is 65,438 0.3 million mu, with an average elevation of about 65,438 0.360 meters. The fields are full of green grass and vitality. The world is a famous stone forest, surrounded by scenic spots such as Meigudong Waterfall, Huaixi River, Xiangshui Spring, Big Wild Goose Gate, Little Wild Goose Gate and Qingping Reservoir. Grassland has mild climate, abundant rainfall and the same season of water and heat. The girl herding sheep and the boy prancing on the prairie are happy and carefree. The traditional festivals of the Yi people mainly include the Year of the Yi people and the Torch Festival (Bai people).

Yi people's year has no fixed date, and it is usually held in autumn and October. During the festival, people kill pigs and sheep, visit relatives and friends, and wish a good harvest. Chinese New Year is also the best time for young men and women to socialize. People are holding hands and dancing happily. At the same time, traditional sports activities such as autumn grinding, wrestling and horse racing are also carried out.

Torch Festival is held on June 24th of the lunar calendar every year. On this day, beef cattle will be slaughtered in the village and distributed to all households. All households will also kill chickens, steam steamed buns with new buckwheat noodles and offer ancestral tablets together with wine and meat. At night, people light torches, sing while walking, swim in the fields, and then gather on the village dam to hold a grand spring fire party, with young men and women singing and dancing all night; Old people talk about the past while drinking. During the Torch Festival, there will be bullfighting, sheep fighting, wrestling, archery, horse racing, swinging and other sports activities.

Yi people are rich in literature and art. Yi literature is not only abundant in quantity and content, but also diverse in forms, such as poems, stories, myths and riddles. Among them, the form of poetry is the most popular, and proverb poetry (Bilgi in Yi language) is a kind of Yi poetry with strong national style.

Leo Teyi is a widely circulated Yi epic, which tells the story of the origin of the universe and the migration of ancestors in the form of myth. Magnificent, rich in imagination and simple in language, it embodies the outstanding wisdom and superb talent of Yi people's artistic creation. Yi people's music and dance are full of national characteristics, rich in tunes and beautiful. The dance is lively and enthusiastic. The national musical instruments, yueqin and kouxian, are deeply loved by people. Young men and women often use them to express their feelings, express their love, date, talk about love and entertain themselves.

Yi lacquerware is the most ethnic handicraft, including wooden tires, leather tires and horn tires, which are mostly used to make tableware, wine vessels, saddles, weapons and furniture. The colors of Yi lacquerware are mainly red, yellow and black. Yi people use red to symbolize courage, enthusiasm and good luck, black to symbolize nobility, solemnity and dignity, and yellow to symbolize beauty, light and wealth. Yi lacquerware is ingenious in design, fine in production, simple in shape and bright in color, which fully shows the aesthetic taste of Yi people. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the unification of China's territory and the management of the frontier were more extensive and in-depth than in previous dynasties, which made the environment and society of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau change greatly during this period. It is generally believed that there are two main reasons for this great change: first, with the reform of the land and the return to the current during the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and Yongzheng Dynasty, the central and state systems and policies in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau have gradually deepened, which are reflected in politics, military affairs, economy and culture; First, the three generations of immigrants and the regional development activities triggered by them have generally made the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau present a situation of population growth and economic development.

Under the joint action of these factors, the agricultural development of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties greatly surpassed that of the previous generation in breadth and depth. Fundamentally speaking, the interaction between man and nature in this area was further strengthened. It is an important part of the study of regional development and sustainable development to comprehensively investigate the agricultural reclamation and land use activities that have an important impact on the historical development and environmental changes of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and explore the evolution of energy exchange system including human activities and natural geographical environment changes.