Is there a difference between jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia?

No, Elaeagnus angustifolia is seabuckthorn, a perennial shrub with sour taste. It is an important material used in medicine and Mongolian medicine. Small size, large stone, rich nutrition, yellow color, mostly flat fruit shape. The existing artificial varieties look more like dates.

Jujube is one of the common fruits, which are trees and drupes. It tastes sweet, contains rhamnose, and has various varieties. It is bigger than Elaeagnus angustifolia, mainly red and oval.

Elaeagnus angustifolia

Botanical name

narrow-leaved oleaster

Source and distribution

Elaeagnus angustifolia (alias Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum cassia bark, Silver Willow) is mainly distributed in northwest provinces of China and western Inner Mongolia. There is also a small distribution in northern North China and western Northeast China. Roughly north of 34 degrees north latitude. Natural Elaeagnus angustifolia forests are concentrated on the banks of Tarim River, Manas River, Shule River in Gansu and Ejina River in Inner Mongolia. Some large deltas of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia (such as Pear Blossom Beach and Dazhong Beach) are also distributed. Elaeagnus angustifolia forests on inland river banks are mostly sparse forests with large areas. There are more than 69,000 mu of Elaeagnus angustifolia forest in Hexi River forest area of Ejina alone. Elaeagnus angustifolia plantation is widely distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Especially in southern Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor in Gansu, Zhongwei in Ningxia, Bayannur League in Inner Mongolia, Alxa League and Yulin in Shaanxi, there are large areas of farmland shelterbelts and windbreak and sand-fixation forests created by Elaeagnus angustifolia. In recent years, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan and other provinces and regions have also introduced and cultivated in sandy wasteland and saline-alkali land; Elaeagnus angustifolia is widely distributed in the Mediterranean coast, West Asia, the former Soviet Union and India.

plant morphology

Elaeagnus angustifolia is a shrub or tree with a height of 3 ~ 10 (15) m. Bark chestnut brown to reddish brown, shiny, often curved trunk, dense branches, thorns, tender branches, leaves, flowers and fruits covered with silvery white scales and stellate hairs; The leaves are stipitate, lanceolate, 4 ~ 8 cm long, sharp or blunt at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, entire, silvery gray-green on the top and silvery white on the bottom. Flowers are small, silvery and fragrant, usually 1 ~ 3 flowers are born in the axils of branchlets, calyx is tubular and bell-shaped, and the top is usually 4-lobed. The fruit is oblong and oval with a diameter of 65438±0cm. The pulp is powdery, the peel is silvery white in the early stage, and the scales fall off in the later stage, which is yellowish brown or reddish brown.

Plant characteristics

Elaeagnus angustifolia has strong vitality and is characterized by drought resistance, sandstorm resistance, saline-alkali resistance and barren resistance. Natural Elaeagnus angustifolia is only distributed in desert and semi-desert areas with precipitation less than 150 mm, which is related to shallow groundwater level. If the groundwater level is less than 4 meters, it will grow poorly. Elaeagnus angustifolia requires high heat conditions, and the areas with accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and above 3000℃ grow well, while the areas with accumulated temperature below 2500℃ bear less seeds. When the active accumulated temperature is higher than 5℃, it will germinate, and when it is higher than 10℃, it will enter full bloom, and when it is higher than 16℃, it will enter full bloom. Fruits are mainly formed in the high temperature period in midsummer when the average temperature is above 20℃. Saline-alkali tolerance is also strong, but it varies with different salts, so it has strong adaptability to sulfate soil and weak chloride resistance. Sulfate soil can grow when the total salt content is below 65438 0.5%, and chloride soil is not suitable for growth when the total salt content exceeds 0.4%. Elaeagnus angustifolia has developed lateral roots and wide roots. In loose soil, many nodules can be produced, among which nitrogen-fixing rhizobia can also improve soil fertility and improve soil. The lateral branches germinate strongly and the terminal buds grow weakly. Dense branches usually form dense clusters. After the branches are buried by sand, adventitious roots are easy to grow, which has the function of windbreak and sand fixation. In Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, the juice of Elaeagnus angustifolia began to flow in late March, germinated in mid-April, and entered the flowering period from the end of May to the beginning of June. The flowering period is about 3 weeks, with young fruit in early July and fruit in late August, and the fruit matures in 65,438+000 days. The phenology of Xinjiang and Ningxia is similar to that of Hexi Corridor, and the phenology of central Inner Mongolia is a little later. Elaeagnus angustifolia has many excellent varieties through the choice of the masses.

Feeding value and utilization technology

Elaeagnus angustifolia as feed has a long history in northwest China. Its leaves and fruits are high-quality feed for sheep and are very popular all year round. After eating Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit, sheep not only gain weight and strength, but also improve estrus of ewes and mating rate of rams, which is beneficial to reproduction. In winter snowstorm weather in northwest China, Elaeagnus angustifolia forest is a place for sheep to avoid disasters and protect their livestock. It can also be fed to domestic animals such as pigs, which can promote fattening and lactation of pigs. Judging from the nutritional components of Elaeagnus angustifolia, its leaves and fruits all contain the nutritional components needed by domestic animals. Elaeagnus angustifolia is a good tree species for afforestation, greening, firewood, windbreak and sand fixation besides feeding. Elaeagnus angustifolia powder can also be used for brewing wine, vinegar, soy sauce and jam, and the residue can also be used for feeding. Elaeagnus angustifolia is a good honey source plant, which contains aromatic oil and can extract flavors and spices. Elaeagnus angustifolia gum can be extracted from tree sap and is a substitute for Arabic gum. Flowers, fruits, branches and leaves can also be used as medicine to treat burns, bronchitis, indigestion and neurasthenia. Elaeagnus angustifolia has been widely valued for its various economic uses and has become one of the main afforestation trees in northwest China. From the feeding point of view, Elaeagnus angustifolia is of great significance to the establishment of artificial feed forest.

jujube

A, plant introduction:

Scientific name: Zizyphus jujuba

English name: jujube or China jujube (English is date jujube).

Classification: Dicotyledonous plants, Rhamnaceae.

Also known as red dates, beautiful dates and good dates.

Jujube is a mature fruit of deciduous shrub or small arbor plant jujube tree of Rhamnaceae. Jujube trees are widely cultivated in China, reaching Jinzhou and Beizhen in Liaoning Province in the north, with the largest output in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui and Zhejiang.

The famous variety is Jinsixiaozao, with small fruit and high sugar content, which is produced in Laoling, Shandong, Cangxian, Hebei and Miyun, Beijing. In addition, there is jujube, also known as "hanging jujube", which is mainly produced in Bin County, Shaanxi Province. The fruit is large, weighing 30-40g, rectangular, thin-skinned, thick-fleshed, small in stone, sweet in taste and ripe in late September. Sihong jujube in Sihong, Jiangsu Province was proved by experts from Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Agriculture and Forestry Department and China Jujube Research Institute. Among more than 700 known jujube varieties in China, Sihong jujube has the largest fruit type. This variety is immune to jujube witches' broom and has better resistance to fruit shrinkage and anthracnose than other varieties.

Jujube has been listed as one of the "five fruits" (peach, plum, plum, apricot and jujube) since ancient times, with a long history. The most prominent feature of jujube is its high vitamin content. A clinical study abroad shows that patients who eat jujube continuously recover more than three times faster than those who simply take vitamins. Therefore, red dates have the reputation of "natural vitamin pills".

"Zizyphus jujuba" wrote: "Jujube, the name of fruit tree, belongs to Li Ke, a deciduous tree with erect or hooked thorns. The leaves are long and oval, the base is broad and oblique, and there are three veins. Stipules are prickly and stay on the branches forever. Cymes, born in leaf axils, have small yellow-green flowers, a disk and a lot of nectar. Drupe is oblong, yellow when tender and purple when mature. Propagation by ramets, grafting, etc. China, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi and other places. There are many varieties, such as' Jinsixiaozao' in Laoling, Shandong,' Seedless Jujube' in Cangxian, Hebei and Qingyun, Shandong, and' Yiwu Jujube' in Zhejiang. The fruit is edible medicine, and the wood is hard, so it can be used for carving or as furniture for vehicles and boats. "