What are the macro-precursor meteorological anomalies before the earthquake?

Basic introduction

Earthquake precursor phenomenon

[1] Earthquake anomalies that can be directly perceived by human senses are called earthquake macro-anomalies. The manifestations of earthquake macro-anomalies are diverse and complex, with hundreds of kinds of anomalies and thousands of anomalies, which can be roughly divided into groundwater anomalies, biological anomalies, geoacoustic anomalies, geooptical anomalies, electromagnetic anomalies, meteorological anomalies and so on.

groundwater anomaly

Groundwater includes well water, spring water, etc. The main anomalies are turbidity, bubbling, flowering, temperature rise, discoloration, off-flavor, sudden rise, sudden drop, sudden exhaustion or gushing. People summed up the proverb of well water changes before the earthquake: "Well water is a treasure, and the precursors come early." "The quality of rainwater is turbid, and the water is flooded during drought." "The water level has changed a lot and the flowers are bubbling." "Some change color, and some change taste."

Biological anomaly

Cartoons of animal anomalies in earthquake precursors

[2] Some organs of many animals are particularly sensitive. They can know some disasters ahead of humans, such as jellyfish in the ocean can predict storms, mice can avoid mine collapse or the invasion of harmful gases in advance, and so on. As for the organs of vision, hearing, touch, vibration and balance, which plays the main role and which plays the role of assisting judgment may be different for different animals. Physical and chemical changes (vibration, electricity, magnetism, meteorology, abnormal radon content in water, etc.). ) The accompanying earthquake can often stimulate some sensory organs of some animals and cause abnormal reactions. If the gravity of an area changes, some animals may be able to feel it through its balance organs; Some animals' hearing organs may be able to detect abnormal vibrations. Before the earthquake, the underground strata have been moving slowly day by day, showing a state of peristalsis, and there is strong friction between fault planes, so some people think that a low-frequency sound wave, which is only a few to ten times per second, is lower than human hearing. People can only feel sound waves more than 20 times per second, while animals are not. Animals that are very sensitive to this kind of sound wave will panic when they feel it, which will lead to winter snakes coming out of holes, fish jumping out of the water, pigs and cows jumping in circles and seeing deep-water fish or strange fish in shallow water. Abnormal phenomena such as chicken flying and dog jumping. There are many kinds of animal anomalies, including large livestock, poultry, cave animals, hibernating animals, fish and so on. Animal reactions and abnormal behaviors before the earthquake: cows, horses, donkeys and mules: panicked, did not enter the stables, did not eat, made noises, fought in groups, broke the reins to escape, trampled, slid, and suddenly fled when walking. Pig: Don't enter the circle, don't eat, shout and make trouble, and arch across the circle to escape. Sheep: Don't enter the circle, don't eat, make a hullabaloo about, and escape from the circle. Dogs: bark, cry, smell, bite, run, move with puppies in their mouths, and police dogs don't listen to instructions. Cat: panicked, crawling up the tree with a kitten in his mouth. Rabbit: Don't eat grass, make trouble in the nest, and escape from the nest in shock. Duck and Goose: Don't go into the water during the day, don't enter the box at night, don't eat, follow the owner, scream and fly high. Chicken: Don't go into the box, don't bump into the box, don't make trouble in the box, and don't climb trees. Dove: Don't go into the nest, live outside, and suddenly jump up and fly. Rats: They come out in droves during the day, staring blankly like drunk, not afraid of people, running around in panic, moving around with rats in their mouths. Snakes: Hibernating snakes freeze to death in the snow, increasing in number and gathering together. Fish: Float in groups, swim wildly, jump out of the water, fish raised in the tank jump, head and tail collide with blood, jump out of the tank, make noise, move slowly and die. Toad (Toad): Crowds come out of the hole. In the old saying that animals are abnormal, there are also a few jingles: animals have signs before earthquakes, and close monitoring is the most important. Cattle, sheep, mules and horses don't enter the stables, and pigs don't eat dogs and bite people. Ducks don't go into the water and make noise on the shore, but chickens fly up the tree and scream loudly. The snake came out of the hole in the ice and snow, and the mouse ran with the mouse in its mouth. The rabbit jumped and bumped, and the fish jumped into the water. Bees are moving noisily, but pigeons are too scared to fly back to their nests. Every household observes and reports any abnormal situation. In addition, some plants also had abnormal reactions before the earthquake, such as germination, flowering, fruiting or large-scale withering, abnormal exuberance and so on. 20 earthquake rumors: 1. The earthquake came as soon as the noise was reported. 2. The sound of a big earthquake is heavy, and the sound of a small earthquake is sharp. 3. Loud, far away; Short ring, not far. Listen to the sound first, then move, and act quickly when you hear the noise. 5. Jump up and down and sway back and forth for half a day. 6. Follow closely and jump up and down; Far away, swinging from side to side. 7. Up and down, in front of you; Wandering in the sky. 8. The house is in the east, and the earthquake is coming; If it swings north and south, it will come north and south. 9. Sand and water blow along the road, and the old river is underground. 10. What is the most water and sand sprayed? Needless to say, it's wet and alkaline. 1 1. When tofu is extruded, water comes out and slag comes out; When the earthquake broke out, water and sand were ejected. 12. The depression is heavy and the flat land is light; The sand is heavy and the land is light. 13. Brick-wrapped adobe walls have the worst seismic capacity. 14. Brittle in bumps, but in swings. 15. parapets, eaves and earthquakes are the most unlucky. 16. The foundation is relatively solid and far from the river; The wall is better and the connection is closer; The house is shorter and the roof is lighter; Reasonable layout and simple appearance. If you want to be better, learn more from each other. 17. Earthquakes often bring rainfall, either suddenly or violently. 18. Pay more attention to your work at home on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. 19. Well water is a treasure, and the precursor comes early. 20. Groundwater has a precursor: it is either rising or falling; Sweet becomes bitter, bitter becomes sweet; Muddy, muddy Yes, I want to report it. Why? Make a prediction

Meteorological anomaly

People often describe earthquake prediction scientists and technicians as "managing the sky, the land and the air in the middle", which is really reasonable. Before the earthquake, the weather often appeared abnormal. There are mainly sultry before the earthquake, anxiety and irritability, long drought or continuous rain, yellow fog scattered, dark sunshine, strange wind raging, hail (flying snow) in June and so on. For example, the ray cloud: the cloud will be a long ray in the sky, and the position where the center of the ray points is the position of the central earthquake. Such a Lei Yun is easily observed by people. Earthquake cloud: Earthquake cloud is a kind of cloud body that indicates earthquake in non-meteorological classification. Before the earthquake, the color of clouds was white, gray, orange or orange. Characteristics of earthquake clouds: strong winds are not easy to change its shape, there is a clear dividing line between the sky and clouds, and there are many waves. There are two theories about the formation of earthquake clouds: heat theory: when an earthquake is about to happen, a large amount of heat is generated because geothermal energy gathers on the earthquake zone or because rocks on the earthquake zone rub violently under the action of strong gravity. These heat overflows from the surface, heats the air, produces updraft, and forms an "earthquake cloud" at high altitude, and the tail end of the cloud points to the place where the earthquake occurs. Electromagnetic theory: before the earthquake, the rock appeared "piezomagnetic effect" under the action of geostress, which caused local changes of geomagnetic field; In-situ stress makes rocks compressed or stretched, causing changes in resistivity and local changes in electromagnetic field. Due to the influence of electromagnetic waves on the upper ionosphere, the plasma concentration in the ionosphere drops sharply, which makes water vapor and dust arrange in an orderly and non-free manner, thus forming earthquake clouds. Briefly analyze the detailed form of the earthquake cloud: if the length of the earthquake cloud is very long, the closer it is to the time of the earthquake; If the color of the earthquake cloud looks deep, the depth of the corresponding earthquake is deep; If the earthquake cloud lasts for a long time, the closer the corresponding epicenter is; If the color of the earthquake cloud is gray, it means that the earthquake is serious.

Geosound anomaly

Geosound anomaly refers to the sound emitted underground before the earthquake. It sounds like cannon and thunder, as well as heavy cars and strong winds. When an earthquake occurs, longitudinal waves radiate from the source and propagate along the ground, making the air vibrate and sound. Because of the high speed but weak potential of longitudinal wave, people only smell its sound, but don't feel it unconsciously until the arrival of shear wave. Therefore, there is often a record in the epicenter that "before every earthquake, the underground sound expands like gas, like boiling water in a tripod". If you are in the epicenter, you can often hear the sound of a magnitude 3 earthquake. Geosound is the result of the structure and structure of underground rocks and the movement of liquid and gas contained in them, and a considerable part of it is a sign of impending earthquake. Mastering the knowledge of geosound may have a good effect on earthquake prediction and prevention.

magnetic anomaly

Geophysical anomalies refer to the light emitted underground before the earthquake, which has various colors, such as silver blue, white purple, etc., which are rare in daily life, but mainly red and white; Its forms are also different, such as ribbon, sphere, column, diffusion and so on. Generally speaking, the earth's light appears in a wide range, mostly within a few hours to a few minutes before the earthquake and lasts for a few seconds. China Haicheng, Longling, Tangshan, Songpan and other earthquakes and before and after the earthquake, a variety of luminous phenomena appeared. Terrestrial light is often accompanied by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, landslides, landslides, collapses, sand blasting, water spraying and air jetting, and often moves regularly along a fault zone or an area, and is synchronized with other macro and micro anomalies, and its causes are always closely related to crustal movement. And controlled by geological conditions and the state of the surface and atmosphere, it can cause different degrees of harm to people, animals and plants. Suspected terrestrial light phenomenon before Wenchuan earthquake

At present, all the geomagnetic anomaly reports we have are from a few seconds before the earthquake to 1 minute. Such as Haicheng earthquake, Lancang earthquake and Gengma earthquake, similar reports have been collected.

Ground-air anomaly

Geo-atmospheric anomaly refers to the fog generated underground before the earthquake, also known as geo-aerosol or geo-fog. This kind of fog, with white, black and yellow colors, sometimes colorless, often appears in the days to minutes before the earthquake, often accompanied by strange smell, sometimes accompanied by noise or high temperature.

Abnormal ground motion

Abnormal ground motion refers to the ground shaking before the earthquake. It is a well-known phenomenon that the ground vibrates violently during an earthquake. But before the earthquake, sometimes I feel the ground shaking. This kind of shaking is different from an earthquake, and it swings very slowly. Seismographs often can't record it, but many people can feel it. The most obvious ground motion anomalies occurred in Dandong, Kuandian, Fengcheng, Shenyang and Xiuyan from the end of February to the end of 10 before the Haicheng earthquake of magnitude 7.3 on February 4, 1975.

Ground uplift anomaly

The ground uplift anomaly refers to the uplift on the ground before the earthquake. 1973 About half a year before the magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Luhuo, Sichuan, a drum appeared on a lawn in Tuoba District, Ganzi County. It was shaped like an inverted iron pot, about 20 cm high, and cracks appeared intermittently around it. The swelling disappeared after a few days, and it was repeated many times until the earthquake occurred. Anomalies similar to ground heave include ground fissures and subsidence.

Electromagnetic anomaly

Electromagnetic anomalies refer to the anomalies of household appliances such as radios, televisions and fluorescent lamps before the earthquake. The most common electromagnetic anomaly is radio failure, and fluorescent lamps were also common before the North China earthquake. 1a few days before the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 on July 28, 976, many radios in Tangshan and its surrounding areas broke down, with loud and small sounds, inaccurate frequency modulation and sometimes continuous noise. Also before the Tangshan earthquake, some people in the city saw fluorescent lamps turn red first and then light up at night. Some people in Beijing turn off the fluorescent lamp before going to bed, but the light is still on. Electromagnetic anomalies also include abnormal operation of some motor equipment, such as abnormal microwave stations, interference from wireless power plants, and failure of electronic alarm clocks. Macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes play an important role in earthquake prediction, especially in short-term and imminent prediction. Before the 1975 Haicheng M = 7.3 earthquake and the 1976 Songpan and Pingwu M = 7.2 earthquakes, seismologists and the general public had observed a large number of macroscopic anomalies, which provided important information for the successful prediction of these two earthquakes. However, it should also be noted that the above macro phenomena may be caused by various reasons, not all of which are signs of earthquakes. For example, the fluctuation of well water and spring water may be related to rainfall, and may also be affected by nearby pumping, drainage and construction. The discoloration and odor of well water may be caused by pollution, and the abnormal behavior of animals may be related to weather changes, diseases, estrus and external stimuli. Also be careful not to mistake welding arc light and lightning for earth light, thunder for earth sound, and fireworks and flares for underground fireballs. Once you find an abnormal natural phenomenon, don't easily draw the conclusion that an earthquake is about to happen, let alone panic. Instead, it is necessary to find out the time, place and relevant situation of abnormal phenomena, protect the site, report to the government or the earthquake department, and let the professionals in the earthquake department investigate and verify to find out the truth.