What principles and methods should be mastered to appreciate meteorological landscape, and it should be detailed.

General situation of meteorological and climatic landscape

In the process of traveling, people pursue beautiful and comfortable environment, pleasing strange landscape, and pleasant entertainment and sports. All this is inseparable from the leading factors that determine the environmental characteristics-meteorology and climate. Meteorology is the general name of atmospheric physical phenomena and physical processes that often appear in the atmosphere around the earth. It includes: cold, hot, dry, wet, wind, clouds, rain, snow, frost, fog, thunder, electricity, rainbow, glow, light and so on. The weather changes quickly. Climate refers to the synthesis of weather conditions in a certain area for many years, including both stable weather conditions and occasional extreme weather conditions.

I. Natural wonders

Clouds, fog, rain, snow, clouds, light and wind are common meteorological landscapes, which can form various beautiful artistic conceptions under certain circumstances.

1. Wonders of clouds, fog and rain

Meteorological landscape in warm and humid areas or warm and humid seasons. Thin clouds, faint fog and drizzle, like wonderful veils, give nature a hazy beauty. When you look at the scenery through clouds, fog and rain, the scenery is looming, vague, unreal and unpredictable, which produces an illusory, mysterious and mysterious aesthetic feeling like a fairy, giving people ample room for daydreaming. Yuan Ye is empty, the water is calm, and the mountains are even better. For example, Guo, a painter in the Song Dynasty, said that "there is no show if there are no clouds on the mountain", "If the mountain wants to be high, there will be no exhaustion, and if the smoke locks its waist, it will be high; If the water is far away, it is not far when it is exhausted, and it is far when the pulse is blocked. Therefore, among the scenic spots in China, there are many beautiful scenery named after thin clouds, light fog and drizzle. Such as "Late Rain" in eastern Sichuan.

Clouds are unpredictable and magnificent, which is another landscape endowed by clouds to nature. If thin clouds, light fog and drizzle are just the superposition of other physical landscapes to reconstruct the landscape, then flowing clouds and flying fog are the landscapes formed by clouds themselves. Most of these occur in scenic mountainous areas. For example, Huangshan Mountain and Mount Tai.

2. The wonders of ice, snow and rime

A meteorological landscape that can only be seen in cold seasons or alpine climatic zones. It is composed of pure white and other factors (such as terrain, trees, buildings, etc.). ), or majestic, or graceful, or lifelike, giving people a magnet-like attraction, so as to resolve people's discomfort with the cold climate. Especially when the snow, ice and green trees complement each other, the scenery is more charming. Mao Zedong's Qin Yuan Chun Xue highly summarized and praised the spectacular beauty of the snow scene. Because of its high ornamental value, ice and snow landscape has become an important resource for developing tourism in many parts of the world. For example, the ice and snow park in the European Alps and the Linhai Snowfield in the northeast of China. In addition, many scenic spots in China also have magnificent landscapes composed of snow scenes. More famous are: Huangshan Snow Scene, one of the eight scenic spots in Taiwan, "Yushan Snow". Rime (also known as tree hanging) is the product of direct sublimation of fog below 0℃ on attachments. Small white and opaque ice particles gather together and are wrapped around the attachment in a flocculent form. Rime is different from ice and snow, and the beauty of its scenery is not reflected in the macro-modeling of the objects covering the ground, but in the micro-modeling that keeps all the original forms. So it is more graceful, especially the weeping willows by the river. China's famous rime landscape appeared on the Songhua River in Jilin City. "Hanging Trees in Jilin" can appear for more than 60 days every year, and it is well-known at home and abroad as one of the four natural wonders in China. According to the physical process of rime formation, the viewing of this spectacle can be divided into three periods, namely, watching the fog at night, watching the hanging in the morning and enjoying the falling flowers in the afternoon.

3. Sunrise, Sunset and Xiaxia Wonders

The magnificent scenery of sunrise and sunset is not produced by the original shape of the sun and the apparent motion of rising in the east and falling in the west, but by the sudden change of atmospheric refraction, the huge elliptical sun ring and sudden dynamics, as well as the colorful clouds and glow that set off the sun. It's best to watch the sunrise and sunset on sunny days, and it's ok on cloudy days. On a sunny day, when the sun has just appeared or is about to set, the first or last wonderful green light will appear on the horizon. The duration of this landscape is very short, the longest is no more than 1.7 seconds, and the shortest is only 1 second, so the sky is highly transparent. So you can only see it at the seaside or at sea. The wonders of sunrise and sunset can only be seen on the horizon at the junction of heaven and earth. Therefore, the best scenic spots are at the seaside where you can see the horizon and at the top of the middle and low mountains where there was no sight obstacle before. Such as: Hanyang Peak and Hanpokou in Lushan Mountain; Huangshan Cuiping Building; Mount Tai's Sun Peak; Huashan East Peak; Zhurongfeng of Hengshan Mountain; Jinding of Emei Mountain; The rooftop of Jiuhua Mountain; Eagle horn pavilion at Beidaihe seaside; Balcony at the mouth of Qiantang River; Mount Putuo and other beaches are the best places to watch the sunrise in China. Tianchi Lake in Lushan Mountain is the best place to watch the sunset.

Haze is the brilliance of colored light left in the sky and clouds after oblique sunlight is scattered by atmospheric particles, which often appears at sunrise and sunset. Due to the low scattering intensity of atmospheric particles to long-wave light, the morning glow and sunset glow are mostly red, orange, yellow and other colors. The greater the cloud cover, the thicker the red color is. When the morning glow and the sunset glow complement each other with other surrounding scenery, they often form a magnificent picture. Being in such a wonderful environment, how can people linger and not be fooled, and how can they not glow with the poetry of the literati? Therefore, in many scenic spots in China, there are quatrains praised by the ancients.

4. Buddha Light and Phantom

"Buddha's Light" and "Mirage" are both fantastic landscapes formed by the refraction of light in the atmosphere. Buddha's Light, also known as Baoguang, is the most famous "Jinding Buddha's Light" in Emei. The seven-color halo surrounds the figure of the central figure, just like the revelation of the "truth" of the legendary Samantabhadra, so that some people lucky enough to see this scene mistakenly think that the Bodhisattva has come to lead them to the "Elysium" and jumped off the cliff. Therefore, the "Jinding Buddha Light" scenic spot was renamed as "Sheshen Cliff". In fact, the Buddha's light landscape is not unique to Emei. China's Lushan Mountain, Taishan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain all have Buddha's light scenic spots, and even planes flying over the clouds can watch this phenomenon. The principle of Buddha's light is the same as the rainbow in the sky after rain. It is a landscape in which clouds refract sunlight into people's eyes and reflect seven colors of light separated from fog and water droplets. The condition of Buddha's light is that the sky is clear and windless, the sun, clouds and human body (or objects) are all in a straight line with an inclination of 45, and the human body is located between the clouds and the sun. The frequency of Buddha's light and the beauty of halo vary with the number of foggy days and the humidity of the air. Mount Emei is famous for its most cloudy days, the highest humidity and the lowest wind speed, so the phenomenon of Buddha's light appears the most times and its color is the brightest.

A mirage, that is, a "mirage", is a meteorological spectacle formed by the refraction and total reflection of light in the atmosphere. On windless or breezy days, the atmosphere is relatively stable. Due to the drastic change of air temperature in the vertical direction, the vertical distribution of air density has changed significantly. Distant light rays pass through air layers with different densities, so refraction and total reflection occur, that is, images of distant scenes appear in the air or on the ground. This phenomenon mostly occurs in coastal or desert areas in summer, and it also happens from time to time in mountainous areas. In the morning, the air density at the bottom is relatively high, and the distant scene image is standing upright in the air, which is called "the mirage"; At noon or in the afternoon, the air density at high altitude is high, and the distant scenery image is upside down and hung upside down on the ground, which is called "a mirage below". You can often see the mirage above in the seaside of Penglai, Shandong Province, China, and the mirage below is also common in the desert. In addition, there is a "mirage", and the unique scenery on Lake Geneva is the side boat. The ancients noticed the spectacle of a mirage long ago, and because they could not make a scientific explanation, they attached it to the legend, thinking that the dragon was a mirage, and exhaling as a building formed the residence of the sea fairy. Therefore, this spectacle was named "a mirage". Although the ancients' explanation was unscientific, they also noticed the relationship between "Qi" and illusion. Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, wrote in On Meng Xi: "There are clouds in the sea of Dengzhou (Penglai), such as palaces, terraces, city walls, figures, chariots and horses, and crowns, which are vivid and vivid, and are called" Haicheng ".

Second, artificial beauty

Ice and snow sculpture is a special sculpture art developed in cold areas, another wonder created by human beings using nature, and also an extremely eye-catching tourism project in these areas. At present, there are three famous art areas in the world that develop winter tourism with this as the main scenic spot: snow sculpture in Quebec, snow sculpture in Sapporo, Harbin and Qiqihar in China. The ice sculptures in Harbin and Qiqihar, known as the "ice cities" in China, were developed on the basis of making ice lanterns, a traditional folk art in China. It is the development of this resource that transforms Harbin from a tourist cold spot city into a winter tourist hot spot base. The first ice hotel in North America was built in Quebec, Canada. It includes several luxury suites, an ice and snow bar, two ice and snow sculpture exhibition rooms and an ice and snow theater. There are also "ice bars" and "coffee houses" made of ice at the Sapporo Ice and Snow Festival in Japan. In addition, Xuebao is a large-scale ice sculpture and a boutique gallery of different painters. In recent years, some people even created "ice music"-playing music with ice bars of different sizes. Because of the strong participation of ice and snow sports, this tourism activity has been favored by tourists more and more, and even set off a "white tourism" upsurge in winter tourism and vacation in Europe. Therefore, the snow and ice movement is paid more and more attention by the tourism industry in the middle and high latitudes. At present, the largest and most concentrated venue of ski resorts is in Europe. It is mainly distributed in Alps, Pyrenees and Scandinavian mountainous areas, with large snowfall, long retention time of dry snow and suitable terrain. Skiing has a long history in China. According to the records in the History of the North and the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, 59 ethnic groups such as Oroqen, Hezhe and Kazak who live here have been engaged in hunting and other production activities in northeast and northwest China for generations. In order to overcome the limitation of climate, a large indoor ski resort has been built in recent years. Beijing and Shanghai have been completed, and Hangzhou is also under construction. The most surprising thing is that in the UAE, it is extremely hot all year round. It is as high as 60℃ in the desert in summer, and the highest temperature in winter is around 40℃ during the day. It actually built the largest indoor ski resort in the world and the first indoor ski resort in the Middle East.

Thirdly, the distribution law of meteorological and climatic landscape.

Due to the regional differences of meteorological climate, the tourism content of natural tourism resources and the regionality of tourism activities are caused; Due to the seasonal rhythm change of meteorological climate, human tourism behavior changes synchronously, thus forming the rhythm of alternating light season and peak season; Because of the obvious differences in climatic conditions, climate plays a decisive guiding role in tourism flow. Therefore, climate is closely related to the behavior of tourists, the distribution of tourism resources, the distribution and development direction of tourism. Meteorological and climatic tourism resources are not all, but refer to meteorological landscapes and climatic conditions that can meet people's normal physiological needs and special psychological needs. Climate tourism resources not only exist in summer resorts with superior climate conditions as their main attraction, but also are an indispensable part of any tourism environment, also known as background tourism resources. Therefore, the distribution law of climate tourism resources is regional, specific and universal. This is the particularity that climate tourism resources are different from other tourism resources.

After long-term research on the influence of weather on human condition, modern convalescents believe that weather not only affects human health, but also affects people's mood. Whether the climate at standard atmospheric pressure is pleasant or not is determined only from the perspective of normal physiological processes of the human body, according to the skin temperature, perspiration, thermal sensation and the burden borne by the human thermal regulation system. Mainly look at the three indicators that make people feel comfortable: temperature, humidity and the role of wind (air movement takes away the heat and moisture on the body surface and has an external adjustment effect on body temperature). If we consider people's health and mood, besides the above indicators, we should also consider the sunshine hours and the variability of the weather.

The pleasant climate is restricted by many factors that affect the formation and distribution of climate, and the spatial distribution of pleasant climate also has obvious zonal and non-zonal laws. In the horizontal belt structure, the pleasant climate is distributed in the humid climate and semi-humid climate areas at middle and low latitudes, especially in coastal and island areas. In the vertical belt structure of mountainous areas, the upper and lower limits of the distribution of pleasant climate vary from place to place, especially the upper limit. This is mainly determined by the vertical changes of temperature and air pressure. The mountainous area has a pleasant climate in the mid-latitude zone, and its absolute upper limit is 2000 meters; It can break through 2000 meters at low latitudes. In addition, there are many inland water surfaces (inland seas, lakes and reservoirs) in coastal areas, and there are also pleasant microclimates. China is a vast country, located in the middle and low latitudes of East Asia, with 50 latitudes from north to south, including tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. The coastline extends from southwest to northeast by 6.5438+0.8 million kilometers. With Daxinganling, Yanshan, Taihang, Qinling and the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the boundary, the eastern half is a semi-humid and humid climate zone, and various heat zones are the concentrated distribution areas with pleasant climate in China's horizontal zone. It happens to be the main distribution area of middle and low mountains in China, so it is also the concentrated distribution area of China vertical belt with pleasant climate.

Wonderful meteorological landscape and ice and snow sports are tourism resources to meet people's special psychological needs. The so-called special, that is, only under specific meteorological and climatic conditions can wonderful landscapes appear, entertainment activities and sports activities be carried out, and artistic creation be displayed. And these specific meteorological and climatic conditions are not pleasant. For tourists, what he pursues is not warmth and comfort, but unique entertainment.