What effects and consequences will climate warming bring to the earth?

The first thing to see is the direct impact of rising temperature on human beings. This includes agricultural production, industrial production, human cultural activities and energy consumption. Yu Guirui told reporters. He explained: "Climate warming will change the production efficiency of enterprises, but the impact on agricultural production will be more direct and prominent. Research shows that the temperature will drop by about 0.8 degrees per altitude 100 meters. This is roughly equivalent to the latitude pushed northward by 100 km. Assuming that the temperature rises 1 degree in the future, the existing crop planting boundary will swing south or north, which will lead to great changes in the traditional planting area. Bananas, for example, used to be planted only in the southern tropics. After the temperature rises, the north where there was no planting condition before may also be suitable for their growth. With the change of planting boundary, the yield of crops will also change. The yield of crops that like temperature may increase, but at the same time it may also form some heat damage, leading to high temperature and drought. "In addition, climate change will change the energy consumption structure; Changes in lifestyle will also affect all walks of life. At least air-conditioning manufacturers can now consider expanding the Arctic market. According to Hong Kong Wen Wei Po, at the end of August 2006, the temperature in a village with more than 2,000 people in Quebec, Canada was as high as 3 1 Celsius, which led local Eskimos to buy 10 air conditioners for 25 office workers. Cloutier, who fights for Eskimos' rights, said that closed houses in the Arctic are used to keep out the cold, but in hot weather, the indoor temperature is very high, and people can work normally with the help of air conditioners. Yu Guirui said: "The northern region traditionally needs winter heating. If the temperature continues to rise, heating equipment may gradually lose users. Overall, the energy structure will undergo tremendous changes. " People's behaviors and living habits will also change. In human cultural activities, such as tourism, especially developed coastal tourism abroad, there will be great changes after climate warming. It used to be cold in winter, so everyone might not want to go out. Now, as the temperature rises, the tourist activities in winter will increase. "The changes in the above aspects will eventually have a direct impact on people's production and living environment. From the results, this effect can be described as mixed. " Yu Guirui said. Breaking the traditional balance of nature Under the background of global warming, floods in the southeast coast, southwest, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast China have increased, and droughts in the south of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the North China Plain have increased. The increase of a small amount of precipitation in the northern region is not necessarily equal to evaporation consumption, and the drought continues to fluctuate and expand. The increase of drought frequency and intensity will aggravate grassland soil erosion, thus intensifying the trend of desertification, and it will be difficult to alleviate the serious water shortage. "The second impact of climate warming is the impact of some phenomena in nature on the world, mainly the change of the original ecological balance." Yu Guirui said. It is an indisputable fact that the rising temperature causes glaciers to melt. Due to the melting of a large number of glaciers, the sea level is rising, and the coastal zones in various regions are constantly changing with the rise of sea level. Yu Guirui said: "Sea level rise will lead to changes in the coastal zone, which will have a great impact on the world, especially on coastal countries or island countries. For example, Shanghai in China, Tokyo in Japan, these coastal cities are all very low in altitude. If the sea level continues to rise, these areas are likely to be gradually submerged. " "As the sea level rises, the economy of coastal areas will be greatly affected. Residents and factories in this area need to consider moving. In addition, in terms of wave prevention, it is necessary to heighten and strengthen the protective dike. The coastal biological communities, such as mangroves, grasslands and wetlands, which play an important role in maintaining the regional ecological pattern, will face extinction with the change of coastal zone. Many island countries are worried about where people will live after the sea level rises. " Sea level rise will also lead to seawater intrusion. Yu Guirui said: "This is a very serious problem. There is a mixing zone at the intersection of seawater and fresh water. Over the years, the inflow and outflow of seawater and fresh water in this area have been balanced. The rise of sea level leads to changes in the salinity of the estuary, thus affecting the living environment of human beings in the whole region. " For example, if the sea level rises by 50 cm, the storm surge in the Yangtze River estuary will become once every 50 years, and the storm surge in the Pearl River estuary will become once every 50 years. Considering the increase of typhoon frequency in the future, the storm surge disaster will be more serious. In addition, the precipitation law in nature may also change, and the seasonal distribution and time distribution of water resources will change greatly. There are two possibilities for this change. Some people think that the total amount of available water resources will increase, while others predict that it will decrease. But in any case, the traditional regional water balance will change, and the boundaries between water areas, semi-arid areas and arid areas will be broken. Some studies have found that seasonal drought will occur in areas with humid climate. For example, South China used to have abundant rainfall, but statistics in recent years show that the relatively dry season has become more arid. "A lot of research also shows that the traditional precipitation law may change. For example, August and September are the peak seasons of precipitation in China, and each region has its traditional precipitation distribution. Under the new climate change conditions, it may lead to some situations that did not appear in the past. For example, the increase of heavy rain will directly lead to increased soil erosion, thus increasing the frequency and intensity of geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides. " Invisible destruction of ecosystems Global warming has affected natural ecosystems in many areas, and natural ecosystems are vulnerable to serious or even irreversible damage because of their limited adaptability. "The impact of climate warming on the ecosystem can be said to be an invisible destruction. Because this change is not easy to detect, it is changing the whole earth every minute. The most typical is the distribution pattern of vegetation. " Yu Guirui said: "The vegetation here is vast, with crops and forests. Their traditional distribution space and law are relatively fixed. In the future, after climate warming, the boundary temperature will change, the traditional global distribution pattern will be broken, and the vegetation structure will undergo major changes, which will lead to a series of chain reactions such as the increase and even variation of pests. In fact, people at home and abroad specialize in future pest control. " Some scientists believe that climate warming is likely to have a major impact on species and their living environment. Although the understanding of how climate change affects biodiversity is still limited, the latest research has identified some areas where climate warming has brought about significant changes. One is the so-called "ecosystem boundary", such as the transition zone that separates the grassland with long grass from the mixed grassland. Changes in precipitation and temperature can make these boundaries move, some ecosystems expand to new areas, while others shrink because the climate becomes no longer suitable for the survival of primitive species. In addition, scientists also found that climate change has greatly accelerated the extinction rate of species. The latest research in five regions of the world shows that if the climate continues to warm, the number of endangered species will increase greatly. Scientists engaged in this research predict that by 2050, 24% of the species in these five areas will be extinct due to climate change. The study also pointed out that climate change poses a greater threat to the survival of many species than destroying their natural habitats. Yu Guirui said: "The structure of the population itself will also change, and new competitive relations will be formed between the main species, and the traditional ecological structure will also change, and the effects of these changes are quite complicated." In addition, the greater impact of climate warming on the ecosystem may be manifested in two aspects, one is the chemical cycle of the earth, and the other is the energy exchange on the surface of the earth. Yu Guirui explained: "The chemical cycle of the earth refers to the geochemical cycle of life elements, mainly including the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Energy exchange on the earth's surface refers to how much energy is released and absorbed by the earth's surface every year. Changes in vegetation structure and species populations brought about by rising temperatures also cause changes in geochemical cycles, which eventually lead to changes in energy balance and changes in global heat balance fields, thus changing atmospheric circulation. " In addition, human beings are a member of the ecosystem, and the impact of climate change on human health is also obvious: the impact of heat waves increases frequently, leading to an increase in mortality and the incidence of diseases such as heart and respiratory system; Infectious diseases sensitive to climate change, such as malaria and dengue fever, may also increase their spread; With the change of living environment, people's physical resistance and adaptability decline, and infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and dysentery become common diseases. The latest research by Russian scientists also believes that global warming will change the living environment, which will lead to the deterioration of people's health. It is found that in some land areas with more precipitation, people drink the most water near the surface because of the rising water level. However, due to the pollution of surface materials, the quality of surface water will decline. People who drink this water will suffer from skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and other infectious diseases.