Agriculture and animal husbandry is an important traditional source of income in Australia, among which sheep farming is the most prominent. Describe what you have learned, and you will be impressed b

Agriculture and animal husbandry is an important traditional source of income in Australia, among which sheep farming is the most prominent. Describe what you have learned, and you will be impressed by Australian animal husbandry production. I. Learning objectives

Curriculum standards require:

Point out the location, territorial composition and capital of a certain area on the map.

Using maps and materials, this paper tells the basic characteristics of a country's natural environment, points out unique natural geographical phenomena and prominent natural disasters, and briefly explains the main reasons for their formation.

Use maps and materials, contact the characteristics of a country's natural conditions, and tell an example of a country's economic development according to local conditions.

Tell the traffic characteristics and major cities of a country with data and maps.

Interpretation of curriculum standards;

1. Tell the geographical location, territorial scope and capital of Australia by map. Remember that Australia is the only country in the world that monopolizes a continent.

2. Use the climate type distribution map to tell and remember the climate characteristics and distribution characteristics of Australia.

3. Understand the unique animals in Australia and explain the uniqueness and causes of Australian creatures with data.

4. Remember the main features of Australia, the main terrain areas and rivers.

5. Understand the economic characteristics of Australia and remember its main export agricultural products and minerals. Using maps and materials, this paper analyzes the influence of natural conditions in Australia on the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and mining, and establishes the concept of developing economy according to local conditions.

6. Use maps to remember the characteristics of major cities in Australia and the distribution of population, cities and traffic, and analyze the reasons.

Key points: (1) Australia's unique paleontology and its living environment; (2) the characteristics of Australia's economic development; (3) Population and urban distribution in Australia.

Difficulties: the relationship between Australia's natural conditions and the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and mining.

Second, the process and methods

Research topic 1: World Museum of Living Fossils

1. Look at the picture below and answer the question:

(1) Animals endemic to Australia are called living fossils, such as,,, and so on.

The design on the national emblem of Australia is: and.

2. Read the correct pictures and answer the following questions:

(1) Fill in the names of geographical things represented by letters in the picture.

A (country),

B (country),

C island,

D state,

E yang,

F ocean.

(2) The thick red line in the figure is the latitude line, indicating that country A is located in the hemisphere.

(3) As can be seen from the picture, there is a country on the Australian mainland, and its name is.

(4) The territory of country A includes the mainland, Isla and some small islands nearby.

3. Read the following information and answer the questions:

According to statistics, there are 12000 species of plants in Australia, of which 9000 species are not found in other continents, accounting for 75% of the total number of plants; There are 650 species of birds, of which 450 are endemic, accounting for 69% of the total number of birds. There are 150 species of marsupials in the world, only a few in South America, and most of them are distributed in Australia.

Australia's endemic organisms are ancient biological species preserved during the evolution of the earth. Today, although they seem primitive, they have become living fossils for human beings to study the evolution history of the earth. Australia is also known as the "World Museum of Living Fossils".

(1) This passage shows the number and species of endemic organisms in Australia.

(2) Australia is called.

(3) Why are there so many ancient creatures only in Australia?

(1) position (related to continental drift theory)

;

② Natural conditions (compared with the Antarctic continent).

Study topic 2: The country riding on the back of sheep.

1. Read the following information and answer the questions:

Sheep industry in Australia

There were no sheep in Australia more than 200 years ago. /kloc-In the late 8th century, European colonists brought 29 sheep to Australia. Because Australia's natural conditions are suitable for the growth and reproduction of sheep, the number of sheep has increased rapidly. European colonists saw the bright future of sheep industry, so they introduced merino sheep from Spain. After continuous seed selection and improvement, a new breed of Merino sheep with high wool yield and long and soft capillary has been bred. Now, most sheep in Australia are of this kind.

(1) This passage shows that the sheep industry in Australia is developed, and the reasons for the large number of sheep are natural conditions and human factors, such as the selection of excellent breeds, and there are no large carnivores.

(2) Natural conditions generally include topography, climate, hydrology and other factors.

2. Look at the topographic map of Australia and answer:

(1) The topography of the Australian mainland can be roughly divided into the west,

Central, eastern.

(2) There is a lake with an altitude of-16m at the lowest point in the middle. There are also basins rich in groundwater. When a well is dug in a low-lying place, groundwater can automatically flow out of the ground and become a well. However, well water is not suitable for irrigation because of its high salt content, and can be used as drinking water for livestock.

(3) There are north-south mountains in the east.

(4) The largest river in China originates from the west side of the Great Divide and flows into the ocean.

(5) The northeast coast has the largest coral reef group in the world.

(6) According to Figure 8.37 of textbook P74, answer the relationship between the distribution of agriculture and animal husbandry in Australia and topography:

① The western, northern and central regions are low-lying and large in area (topography), rich in excellent forage, without large wild carnivores, and suitable for grazing in open fences, so these agricultural and pastoral areas are belts and belts;

(2) The coastal (topographical) areas in the southeast and southwest are suitable for both animal husbandry and agriculture, and there will be no conflict between them in time, so the mixed agricultural belt and belt have been developed.

3. Regarding Australia, look at the picture below and answer:

(1) Determine the climate type shown in the figure below, write it on the horizontal line below, and fill in the representative letters in the corresponding position of the climate distribution map of Australia.

(2) The climate here is semi-circular.

(3) Latitude crosses the middle of Australia, most of Australia is located in the belt and belt, and a small part of the south is located in the belt (full of temperature zone).

Climate distribution in Australia

(4) According to Figure 8.37 of the textbook P74, answer the relationship between the distribution of agriculture and animal husbandry in Australia and the climate:

(1) The central, northern and western regions have a vast tropical desert climate zone and a tropical grassland climate zone, and the climate is dry, which is suitable for livestock wintering and reproduction. The production mode of agriculture and animal husbandry is _ _ extensive animal husbandry;

(2) The southeast has a temperate maritime climate and a subtropical humid climate, with high temperature and rainy summer and mild and humid winter, while the south and southwest have a Mediterranean climate, with mild and humid winter and high temperature and dryness in summer, which is suitable for both animal husbandry and agriculture. The mode of agricultural production is a mixture of agriculture and animal husbandry.

(5) More than 70% of the sheep in Australia are concentrated in the mixed management areas along the southeast and southwest coasts, and there are relatively few sheep in other vast areas. The natural reasons for the great difference in sheep industry are:

The terrain in the southeast and southwest is relatively flat. In the south, the climate is suitable, and the precipitation is abundant compared with other areas. Although the southeast region is only in the rain shadow area of the great watershed, water diversion irrigation can meet its wheat planting and animal husbandry utilization, so it is more favorable to develop mixed agriculture in this region, where more than 70% of Australian sheep are concentrated. Most other areas belong to semi-arid areas, and extensive grazing and feeding are carried out by using natural grassland, with less investment and low output.

Study theme three: the country of "riding a mine car"

1. Read the following materials and P78 reading materials, and answer the questions:

Australia's bauxite reserves account for 35% of the world's total reserves, ranking first in the world; The reserves of iron ore, nickel ore, zinc ore and manganese ore rank among the top 5 in the world; Other minerals, such as coal, oil, natural gas, gold and tungsten, are also rich in reserves.

(1) This passage shows that Australia is rich in mineral resources, many of which are the highest in the world.

(2) After World War II, on the basis of rich mineral resources, mining, metallurgy and machinery manufacturing developed rapidly.

(3) Australia has become a big exporter of mineral products in the world because of its large mineral reserves, and its industrial and mining income exceeds that of agriculture and animal husbandry.

2. Calculate the population density of Australia: per square kilometer, it is about 1/45 of that of China, which is a good country in the relationship between human and land.

3. Read the map of Australia's minerals and cities on the right and say what are the important minerals in Australia? Find out the answer to the regional distribution of iron ore:

(1) City A _ _ _ _ _; B _ _ _ _ _ _c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

(2) As can be seen from the figure, Australia's main mineral * * * is the main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country in the world, so it is called "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _", and its bauxite is distributed in the northeast of _ _ _, coal is distributed in the east coast of _ _ _, and iron ore is distributed in.

(3) At present, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has greatly exceeded _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(4) Australia's economy is a capitalist country in _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(5) The population and cities in Australia are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas. There are famous cities in Australia. Guide students to Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne. How much do you know about these three cities? Canberra-the political center; Sydney-the largest industrial center and port city; Melbourne, the second largest city.

(6) The population and cities in Australia are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, because the climate here is suitable, the transportation is convenient and the development is early.

Summary of the whole section:

Geographical location The Commonwealth of Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is the largest country in Oceania, with a vast territory and a sparse population.

The territory consists of mainland Australia, Tasmania and islands in the nearby waters, and the capital is Canberra.

The terrain is obviously divided into three parts, with mountains in the east (the Great Barrier Reef here is the largest coral reef in the world); The central part is the plain, with Lake Beiaier as the center, and the great basin here is great artesian basin (the water in the artesian basin can only be used as drinking water for cattle and sheep); The west is a plateau, and the surface is mostly desert and semi-desert. Terrain: the east and west sides are high and the middle is low.

The climate is mostly tropical and subtropical, with precipitation decreasing from the north, east and south to the central and western regions, and the climate in most areas is dry. Australia's climate is semi-circular.

Animals and plants have many creatures with obvious primitiveness and uniqueness. There are eucalyptus, emu, kangaroo, platypus and koala.

The country riding on the sheep's back is a world-famous agricultural and pastoral country, which has formed several different agricultural and pastoral areas (see textbook P73, combined with Figure P74 for the distribution location and reasons). Australia's agriculture and animal husbandry production has large scale, high mechanization, advanced technology, low labor consumption and high efficiency. Wheat is an important crop and one of the major wheat producers and exporters in the world.

There are vast natural pastures here, and sheep farming is the earliest and most important department. The number of sheep ranks in the forefront of the world, and it is the country that produces and exports the most wool in the world. It is called "the country riding on the back of sheep".

The countries with tramcars are rich in mineral resources, among which the proven reserves of lead, nickel, carbon, uranium and zinc rank first in the world.

Industry is dominated by mining, manufacturing and construction. Mining industry is the oldest traditional industrial sector; The world's largest producer of bauxite, alumina and lead, and one of the world's important producers and exporters of coal and iron ore, is called "the country sitting on a mine car". At present, the service industry has become the leading industry of the national economy.

Third, optimize training.

(1) Multiple choice questions:

1, regarding agricultural production in Australia, the mistake is ()

A.the farms in Australia are very big. B. the mechanization of agricultural and animal husbandry production is high.

C. Most major agricultural products have been exported.

D due to the rise of service industry, industry and mining industry, agriculture and animal husbandry no longer occupy an important position.

2, Australia's mineral products ranked first in the world ().

A. coal B. bauxite C. iron D. uranium

3, known as "the country sitting in the car" is ()

A, New Zealand B, Brazil C, Australia D, Peru

4. Most of Australia belongs to ()

A, subtropical humid climate and Mediterranean climate b, savanna climate and tropical desert climate

C, temperate maritime climate and Mediterranean climate d, tropical grassland climate and tropical rain forest climate

5, Australia's main export of agricultural products and mineral products is ().

Iron ore, tin ore, wheat, wool

C, iron ore, coal mine, wheat, rice D, iron ore, coal mine, wheat, wool

6, Australian residents and cities are mainly concentrated in ()

A, southeast coast b, southwest coast c, northeast coast d, northwest coast

7, at present, Australia's economic pillar is ()

A. Agriculture and animal husbandry B. Industry and mining C. Service D. Transportation

8, Australia's largest industrial center and the largest port city is ().

A. Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne and Darwin

9, when it is summer in our country, Australia is ().

A. Summer B. Spring C. Winter D. Autumn

10, Australia's mineral products export and the country's leading industry is ()

A. Gold and mining B. Oil and services

C. Bauxite and agriculture D. Coal, iron ore and services

(2) Comprehensive questions:

Read the picture on the right and answer the following questions:

1, fill in the names of geographical things represented by letters in the picture.

A (country),

B (country),

C island,

D (city),

E (city),

F ridge,

G R。

2. The largest port city in Australia is _ _ (filled in letters), and there is a famous _ _ by the sea.

Australia is called "the country of sheep" because of its abundant sheep and mineral resources.

[Reference answer]

( 1) 1D。 2B。 3C，4B，5D，6A，7C。 8B。 9 C. 10D。

(2) 1, a Australia B New Zealand C Tasmania D Sydney E Canberra F Dashui G murray river 2, D Sydney Opera House 3, riding on the back of a sheep and sitting on a mine car.

Fourth, exploration and discovery:

1, the correct thing about Australia is ()

A. Take advantage of natural conditions in different regions to develop agriculture and animal husbandry according to local conditions.

B. the southwest is mixed agriculture and the southeast is extensive agriculture.

C. forming two different farming and pastoral areas

Australia is also an important exporter of beef and wheat in the world.

2. Before studying Australia, the geography teacher asked a question: "Talk about your impression of Australia". The following is what the students talked about, of which the correct one is ().

Australia is located in the northern hemisphere. Australia is an island country located in the Indian Ocean.

Australia is close to Antarctica and has a cold climate. D Australia has a vast territory, a sparsely populated area and a developed economy.

3, Australia's unique animal is ()

A sloths, armadillos, kangaroos, emus, toucans, anteaters, platypus, koalas.

4. The main agricultural products exported by Australia are: ()

A, cotton B, wool C, coal and iron ore D, wheat

5. There are many endemic species in Australia because: ()

A, large area, many kinds; B, climatic conditions are suitable for the growth of endemic animals.

C, the isolated continent with less human intervention is beneficial to the evolution of endemic species.

6, great artesian basin, Australia well water, the main reason is not suitable for irrigation farmland ().

A, there is too little water, which can only provide drinking water for livestock. B, the water level is low and the cost of pumping irrigation is too high.

C, the high salt content of well water will cause land salinization D, and the sediment content of well water is too large.

7. Read the pictures below and compare Australia and Canada:

(1) Australia's industrial cities are concentrated in _ _ _ _ coastal areas. Where is the climate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) The letter A in the figure represents the capitalization of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; B stands for the capital of _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Read the picture on the right and answer the following questions:

(1) The largest city in Australia refers to.

(2) Agriculture and animal husbandry are important traditional economic sectors in Australia, among which sheep farming is the most prominent. Combined with what you have learned, analyze the reasons from the aspects of topography, climate, vegetation, water, animals and man-made.

(3) China coastal iron and steel enterprises import high-quality iron ore from the Ministry of State.

9, live learning and use:

If you plan to travel to Australia during the holiday, what information do you need to get for the pre-trip preparations (such as preparing clothes, buying air tickets, and preparing funds) (the climate characteristics and recent weather forecast of these countries, the transportation modes and routes between China and these countries, and the exchange rate between RMB and the currencies of these countries, etc.). ), if you plan to bring back some special products or small gifts to your family and friends, what information do you need to know (the economic and cultural characteristics of these countries, etc. What channels do you intend to learn about this information (geography magazines, travel brochures, travel companies, TV, newspapers, the Internet, advertisements, etc.)? Write a short essay and report the information you have obtained. Don't forget to point out the exact source of this information.

[Reference answer]

1AD. 2D·3B。 4D、5D、6C、

7.( 1) The southeast is warm and humid, which is convenient for the south to be warm and rich.

(2) Australia and Canada

8.( 1)A Sydney (2) Flat terrain, suitable climate, vast grassland, rich water diversion, no large carnivores, excellent variety selection, etc. (3) the west

9. Omit.