What are the factors that affect the weather change?

The main factors affecting climate are latitude, atmospheric circulation, land and sea distribution, ocean currents and topography. The first two are global zonal factors, while the last three are non-zonal factors.

Latitude is the basic factor affecting climate. Because the earth is a big sphere, the angle of the sun is different at different latitudes. Some places are direct, some places are oblique, and some places have not been exposed to the sun all day or for months. Therefore, the amount of sunlight received by different places is different, and the temperature is also very different. Generally, the lower the latitude, the higher the temperature; The higher the latitude, the lower the temperature. Different latitudes in different regions are the main reasons for the different global temperatures.

Atmospheric circulation is the main factor that forms various climate types and weather changes. The air in the atmosphere moves at different scales, which is collectively called atmospheric circulation. It is an important way to transport and exchange heat and water vapor in the atmosphere. The manifestations of atmospheric circulation include planetary wind system, monsoon circulation, land-based wind and valley wind. What people usually call atmospheric circulation mainly refers to planetary wind system. Atmospheric circulation has a very significant impact on the climate, with strong updraft and easy water vapor in the equatorial low pressure area. Submerged water vapor prevails in subtropical high pressure area, which is not easy to condense and the rain is scarce; In trade winds, air flows from higher latitudes to lower latitudes, so water vapor is not easy to condense, and it seldom rains. But on the east coast of the mainland, the trade winds blow from the sea, so there are more opportunities for precipitation. On the west coast of the mainland, the trade winds blow from the inland, with less precipitation. In the area controlled by the westerly belt, the wind from the west coast of the mainland blows from the sea, with rich water vapor and more precipitation. The farther inland the water vapor is, the less precipitation there is. On the east coast of the mainland, the west wind blows from the inland, with less precipitation. Generally speaking, the temperature of updraft and airflow from low latitude to high latitude changes from high to low, so water vapor is easy to condense and there are more opportunities for precipitation. In the downward flow and the airflow from high latitude to low latitude, the temperature changes from low to high, so the water vapor is not easy to condense and there are few opportunities for precipitation. Therefore, under the control of different pressure belts and wind belts, the climate characteristics, especially the changes of precipitation, are significantly different. In addition, the wind zone and pressure zone move with the seasons, thus forming various climate types.

The distribution of land and sea changes the zonal distribution of temperature and precipitation. Due to the different physical properties of the ocean and the land, under the strong sunlight, the ocean heats up slowly and the land heats up quickly. After the sunlight weakens, the ocean temperature drops slowly and the land temperature drops rapidly. The content of water vapor in the air on the ocean surface and land is also different. Generally speaking, in the ocean or offshore areas, the daily and annual changes of temperature are small, precipitation is abundant, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, which forms a maritime climate. Therefore, in the same latitude, under the control of the same pressure belt or wind belt, the climate characteristics are different because of the different land and sea positions.

Terrain fluctuation will destroy the zonality of climate distribution. Terrain is a non-zonal factor, and different landforms have different effects on climate. At the same latitude, the higher the terrain, the lower the temperature, and the precipitation increases with height in a certain range. Therefore, in tropical mountainous areas, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the climate changes from the equator to the polar regions in turn. In addition, tall mountains will hinder the operation of airflow and the windward side of mountains.

Ocean currents also have a certain influence on the climate along the coast of the continent through which they flow. The ocean current flowing from low latitude to high latitude, because it contains a lot of heat energy, plays a role in warming and humidifying the coastal areas it flows through. The ocean current flowing from high latitude to low latitude has a lower water temperature than the surrounding sea surface, which has a cooling and dehumidification effect on the coastal areas where it flows. Therefore, in terms of temperature, ocean current can adjust the temperature difference between high latitude and low latitude, and under the action of prevailing airflow, the temperature difference between the east and west coasts of the same latitude continent is significant, which destroys the zonal distribution of temperature and latitude.