What is English subjunctive mood? What's the ingredient? Help me, thank you!

Mood is a verb form that expresses the speaker's intention or attitude. Subjunctive mood expresses the speaker's subjective wishes, assumptions and suggestions. Some of what he said is contrary to the present facts, or to the past facts, or to the future facts, or to the future facts. So subjunctive mood is always used with hypothetical conditional sentences. In addition to if conditional sentences, there are several commonly used conditional sentences, and phrases can also express conditions. In addition, context can also create a virtual language environment. But sometimes the conditional sentence and the result clause may appear at different times, and sometimes the subjunctive mood will be upside down. In addition to the subjunctive mood in the main sentence used with conditional sentences, some object clauses or predicative clauses also use subjunctive mood.

Forms and basic usage of subjunctive mood

First, the form of subjunctive mood.

In the subjunctive (conditional) mood, the forms of predicate verbs in main sentences and clauses can be divided into the following four categories.

Hypothetical type

Conditional clause predicate

Verb form

Subject predicate

Verb form

Contrary to the present facts.

Past tense of verbs (be instead of was)

Yes (the first person who is free should)

+Verb prototype

Contrary to the facts of the past

Had+ -ED participle

Yes (the first person who is free should)

+have+-ED participle

Contrary to the facts of the future

The prototype of the verb were to+

Yes (the first person who is free should)

+Verb prototype

Contrary to future facts.

Should+ verb prototype

Yes (the first person who is free should)

+Verb prototype

Second, the basic usage of subjunctive mood

1. Contrary to the current facts.

1) What kind of car would you buy?

[a] If you are free to choose today's car.

[b] If you can choose freely among all the cars today.

[c] If all the cars are free for you to choose.

[D] If you can choose freely among all the cars today.

Contrary to past facts (sometimes "should have done" in the main sentence means to blame or regret)

He came to class early.

[a] If Mike can finish his homework.

[b] Can Mike finish his homework?

[c] If Mike can finish his homework.

[D] If Mike can finish his homework.

3) If the United States had not participated in World War II, the unemployment rate of 1940 would have been higher.

[a] will rise

[b] it will rise

[c] will rise

[d] it has risen.

4) Top？ If a company hadn't controlled almost all the supplies in the world, the value of A-grade diamonds wouldn't have increased so fast in the late 1970s.

3. Contrary to future facts

5) If the new development does not make it necessary for us to revise all the conclusions drawn from the first series of experiments, the report will be published in January last year.

It is said that Tom will go to an appointment tomorrow. If he comes tomorrow, I'll invite him to your place.

(1) Will

[b] yes

[c] it should be

[d] possible

What would you tell Mary if you saw her?

[1] Yes

[b] going

[c] must

[d] yes

4. It may be contrary to the future facts.

If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. In case it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. In fact, the weather is fine now, and it is unlikely to rain tomorrow, but it is not necessarily so.

If I see her next Monday, I will tell her about it. If I can see her next Monday, I will tell her about it.

Third, the case analysis

1) D is the correct answer.

2) D is the correct answer.

3) C is the correct answer.

4) B is wrong. Change it to not.

5) A is wrong, change it to originally.

6) B is the correct answer.

7) D is the correct answer.

Two. Special expression of subjunctive mood

1. Expression of "as if": In addition to if conditional sentences, adverbial clauses guided by if and as if indicate "as if", and the predicate verbs in the clauses should be subjunctive. The past tense of its verb form (be in the form of were) means that what is said is contrary to the present fact; Use the past perfect tense to indicate that what is said is contrary to the past facts.

EU auletta has a strange expression on her face, as if laughing at something that makes her happy.

Second, special conjunctions are needed: clauses are caused by lest, for fear and in case (at this time, the predicate is often used with the verb prototype)

We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he get angry. We dare not joke with Mr. Wang for fear that he will get angry. )

He hurried away so as not to be eliminated in this imminent game. He quickened his pace for fear of falling behind the galloping army. )

Special attention must be paid to him lest he feel inferior to my other guests. I take special care of him lest he feel inferior to my other guests. )

He is studying hard for fear of failing the exam. )

Third, prepositional phrases express virtuality: sometimes the hypothetical situation is not expressed by conditional clauses, but by a prepositional phrase, or by context or other means. For example, but, but …, in, otherwise, support, in more likely cases, no, and so on. Indicate the concession hypothesis.

He works very hard; Otherwise he may have failed. He works hard, otherwise he will fail. )

Under more favorable conditions, we could have done better. Assuming that we have more favorable conditions, we will do better. )

But for his help, I wouldn't.

[a] it should not be successful

[b] no success

[c] no success

[d] without success

3) Modern [a] civilized and complex society is impossible without [c] writing art [d].

I would have died if he hadn't come to help me.

[a] it is impossible to succeed

[b] no success

[c] can't succeed

[d] it will be successful.

4. Virtual complex conditional sentences: In the above hypothetical types, the predicate verb forms of the main sentence and the clause should echo each other. However, if the action time of the main clause and the clause is inconsistent, the form of the predicate verb should be adjusted appropriately.

If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. The main clause is contrary to the past fact, and the subordinate clause is contrary to the present fact. I'm very sorry if I did anything wrong to you, but I'm sure it was unintentional. I'm sorry if I did something wrong to you. But I can assure you that I didn't mean to. )

5) If America had built more houses for the poor in 1955, the housing problem in some parts of this country would be so serious now.

(1) No.

[b] will not be

[c] It wouldn't have happened.

[d] It wouldn't have happened.

6) If you didn't study this problem carefully until recently.

[a] You will find any difficulties now.

[b] You will find any difficulties now.

[c] You will find any difficulties now.

[D] Do you find any difficulties now?

Verb (verb's abbreviation) omits the subjunctive conditional sentence: If the predicate verbs in the subjunctive conditional sentence are words such as were or should (may) and had, the conjunction if can be omitted, but the auxiliary verbs of were or should (may) and had should be moved to the front of the subject to form a sentence example (see Chapter 13 "Inverted Sentences").

Today, he will get there before Thursday.

[a] He started.

[b] If he starts

[C] Will he start?

[D] If he starts.

John wouldn't have failed.

[a] If he had listened to me.

[b] If he had listened to me.

[c] If he listens to me.

As soon as he listens to me,

I know. I should have told him.

have

[b] yes

[c] own

[d] if

If my car hadn't broken down, I would have caught the train.

(a) should have been caught.

[b] it may catch up.

[c] can catch

[d] caught

An example analysis of intransitive verbs

1) C is wrong. We are smiling.

2) A is the correct answer.

3) C is wrong. Change it to no.

4) A is the correct answer.

5) A is the correct answer.

6) C is the correct answer.

7) D is the correct answer.

8) B is the correct answer.

9) B is the correct answer.

10) A is the correct answer.

The situation that subjunctive mood must be used in the third sentence

1. In the object clause of wish

1. The verb wish is followed by an object clause led by that (often omitted) to express an unattainable wish in subjunctive mood. In the object clause, the past tense (be in the form of were) means contrary to the present fact, and the past perfect tense means contrary to the past.

She wishes she had more money. I wish I hadn't said that. If only I hadn't said it. I wish I wasn't so worried. Then I wouldn't have an accident. )

I wish I knew you would arrive today. If I had gone, I would have met you at the station.

She wished we hadn't sent her candy yesterday, because she was on a diet.

My brother is on vacation in California, but I hope he is here so that he can help me repair the car.

When the object clause of 2.wish expresses wishes or requests, you can use the past tense or the prototype of the verb would++.

I hope you can stay here longer. She wants you not to go. She wants you not to go. )

3. prefer, prefer, prefer to wait. The predicate verb in the clause after a word or phrase should use the simple past tense to indicate the subjunctive mood, and the past perfect tense can also indicate the opposite of the past.

I'd rather you didn't know anything now.

do

[b] didn't do it

[c] don't

[d] no

I'd rather you did it.

(1) Yes.

[b] it should be

[c] it should be

have

I'd rather it was forgotten.

(1) Will

[b] possible

[c] yes

(d) It should

Second, in the object clauses of some special concept words: some words that express the concepts of proposal, proposition, demand, order, urgency, etc. Because they imply the speaker's subjective opinion that something should or should not be done, they use subjunctive mood in the "that" clause after these words, and the mood is expressed by "should", but in fact "should" is often omitted, so the predicate verb in the clause. These words can be divided into the following categories.

1. An object clause guided by "that" after the following verbs.

Suggest, propose, recommend, move, suggest, insist, urge, ask, demand, request, desire, command, command, refuse.

7) Chairman's request.

[a] The members studied the problem more carefully.

[b] This problem has been studied more carefully.

This problem can be studied more carefully.

(d) The members studied the problem more carefully.

The Committee suggested that the matter be discussed at the next meeting.

[a] will be discussed

[b] will be discussed

[c] being discussed

[d] it can be discussed

The doctor insisted that his patient.

[a] He should not work too hard for three months.

[b] Relax for three months

[c] Relax within three months

(d) Take a vacation for three months

When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "A razor and water are enough." When I suggested that he use shaving cream, he said, "A razor and water will do." . )

In the severe days, he pursued all kinds of theories until I suggested that we take out the toy part and see how it works. He spent several days trying to find a theoretical basis until I suggested taking it apart to see how it worked. )

It is suggested that students should spend two or three years learning English? Say country. We suggest that students stay in English-speaking countries for two or three years. )

2. The following is the subject clause or logical master-slave structure after the conceptual structure of claims, demands, orders, wishes, suggestions, etc. (For example, when the following adjectives are used as the complement of the object clause, the object clause is generally replaced by it): At this time, the predicate verbs in the subject clause guided by that often use "should+ verb prototype" or omit "should" and only use the verb prototype.

It is essential (important), vital (extremely important, indispensable), important (necessary), urgent (urgent), desirable (should), appropriate (appropriate), necessary (necessary), desirable (satisfactory and worthwhile today), appropriate, appropriate. Someone suggested, demanded, ordered, proposed, decided …

10) Stand in the position of bulls? From the perspective of western strategic interests, it is imperative.

[a] Their territorial unity is a guarantee.

[b] Their reunification is a territorial guarantee.

(c) They are a territorial protection measure.

[D] Their territorial unity is a guarantee.

The irritable sergeant insisted that nothing could replace the training of forty new recruits.

You will realize that reading is not just a physical and metal process, which is very necessary.

3. The following nouns express ideas, demands, commands and other concepts, followed by predicative clauses and appositive clauses guided by "that". The predicate verb of this kind of clause guided by that usually uses the prototype of should+ verb or omits should. Such words include: order, request, demand, guarantee, suggestion, order, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion, proposal, suggestion, understanding and resolution.

The judge agreed to the suggestion.

The two criminals will be released soon.

[b] Some criminals there are just guilty.

The girl will be paroled under the guardianship of the welfare association.

The prisoner was sentenced to death.

We often use "should ++ verb prototype (or perfect form)" to express surprise, doubt, dissatisfaction, etc. In the object clauses after the negative or interrogative forms of verbs, such as expect, believe, think and suspect.

I never thought that he would be such a brave young soldier. We never thought that he was such a brave little soldier.

14) think that the time is ripe to intervene in Iran, and they will face a huge army?

[a] It is believed that

[b] Should they believe it?

[c] They will believe.

[D] If they believe it,

I think it wise for him to go to Tokyo as soon as possible.

[a] will leave

[b] may leave

[c] leave

[d] leaves

In addition, in "open conditional clause" and adverbial clause, should is omitted. In this case, if if is omitted, the verb be and the subject should be reversed.

If anyone commits a crime, the court has the right to appeal. The court has the right to prosecute anyone who commits a crime. )

Whether she is right or wrong, she will get my unconditional support. Whether she is right or wrong, I will support her. )

16), I want to marry her.

[a] Is she rich or poor?

[b] Is it rich or poor

[C] Is she poor or rich?

[D] Is she poor or rich?

But if the leading words are removed, we will use inverted sentences. For example, the above sentence can be changed to

Anyone who commits a crime has the right to appeal.

Whether she is right or wrong, I will fully support her.

Third, it's time to (must) do it ...] and other words or phrases in the clause after the predicate verb should use the past tense to express the subjunctive mood.

You should go home. You must go home now. )

This wrong consumption should have stopped a long time ago.

(1) check

[b] checked

[c] checked

[d] it's inspection

Answer: C.

In addition, there is a virtual structure that omits the main clause of the result, which generally expresses wishes, such as: if only I were five years younger! If only I could be five years younger. If only she had never been married. If only she had never been married. )

Fourth, the case analysis

1) A is wrong. Change it to a known one. The conditional sentence of the second sentence (if I have it) is actually an ellipsis. The complete sentence should be: If I know you will arrive today, then location A will already know.

2) A is wrong. Change it to no hair.

3) C is wrong. Change it to were.

4) B is the correct answer.

5) A is the correct answer.

6) C is the correct answer.

7) D is the correct answer.

8) C is the correct answer.

9) B is the correct answer.

10) D is the correct answer.

1 1) C is wrong. Change (should) replace

12) B wrong. Change it to achieve it.

13) D is the correct answer.

14) B is the correct answer.

15) C is the correct answer.

16) C is the correct answer.