Moon knowledge questions and answers, hurry up, I...Teacher

Which astronaut was the first human to land on the moon? Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin.

2. Please tell me what is the previous sentence of "Tianya *** at this time"? The moon rises over the sea.

3. What is the age of the moon? 4.6 billion years.

4. Please name an idiom with the word "月" and use it appropriately in sentences.

5. Do you know who Blind Abing is? What was the name of a piece of music he wrote about the moon?

Erhu player, "Two Springs Reflect the Moon".

6. Who is Lay Buddhist Qinglian? Could you please tell me the title of a very famous poem he wrote about the moon?

Li Bai, "Quiet Night Thoughts"

7. When was the exact time when humans first landed on the moon? July 21, 1969 11:56:20.

8. "When will the bright moon come? Let me ask you about the clear sky" is a sentence from which poem? Who is the author?

"Shui Tiao Ge Tou", Su Shi.

9. How Beethoven composed "Moonlight".

2. Quick-Answer Questions:

Rush-Answer Rules: 1. When the host reads the questions and says "Start", the person who speaks first will have priority in answering.

2. If the first speaker’s answer is incorrect or incomplete, other members of the group can make appropriate supplements without exceeding the time limit.

3. The time limit is one minute, and ten points will be added for each correct answer.

4. Ten points will be deducted for wrong answers, and the questions will be treated as audience questions.

1. How far is the moon from the earth? 384401 kilometers

2. How many kilometers is the diameter of the moon? The diameter of the moon is 3476 kilometers, which is about 9 times the diameter of the earth.

3. Approximately what fraction of the surface area of ??the moon is the surface area of ??the earth? The moon's surface area is approximately one-fourth the Earth's surface area.

4. What fraction of the volume of the Earth is the moon’s volume? The volume of the moon is equivalent to the volume of the earth?9.

5. What fraction of the mass of the Earth is the moon’s mass? The mass of the moon is equivalent to 1/81 of the mass of the earth.

6. Why does the moon always face the earth with the same side? Because the moon's rotation period is exactly the same as the moon's rotation period around the earth, the moon always faces the earth with the same side.

7. What does "Moon Sea" refer to? "Maria" refers to the dim black spots on the lunar surface visible to the naked eye, which are vast plains on the moon.

8. There are four craters on the back of the moon, each named after an ancient Chinese astronomer. Who are these four astronomers? Most of the craters are named after famous astronomers or other scholars. There are four craters on the far side of the moon, named after ancient Chinese astronomers Shi Shen, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, and Guo Shoujing.

9. What is the surface temperature of the moon? During the day, the temperature in places where the sun shines vertically is as high as +127°C; at night, the temperature can drop to -183°C.

10. What are the rotation and revolution periods of the moon? About 27.32158.

3. Required questions for group cooperation:

Rules for required questions for group cooperation: 1. One minute to answer the questions.

2. The first speaker’s answer is incomplete, others can add to it.

3. Ten points will be added for correct or basic answers, and no points will be deducted for wrong answers.

4. During the answering process, the group division of labor is clear, and ten points are added for happy cooperation.

1. (Watch a video on the big screen) Please retell the story of the lunar eclipse on Columbus Day.

2. (Watch a video) Please tell us about the process of the lunar eclipse.

3. (Watch the computer animation on the big screen) Draw and explain the different phases of the moon. Today is February 15th of the lunar calendar. Please tell me today’s moon phase.

4. Risk questions:

Twenty-point risk questions:

1. Sing a song about the moon.

2. Recite a poem about the moon.

3. Tell a story about the moon for thirty seconds.

Thirty-point risk questions: 1. Use concise language to express what is the cause of tides? Anyone who has been to the beach knows that there are high and low tides in the sea. At high tide, the sea water rises and the waves roll, making the scenery very spectacular; at low tide, the sea water recedes quietly, revealing a beach. An ancient Chinese book says: "The water in the sea becomes tide when it rises in the morning and tide when it rises in the evening." So, how are tides generated? In ancient times, many sages discussed this issue and put forward some hypotheses. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato believed that the earth, like humans, also needs to breathe, and tides are the breathing of the earth. He suspected it was caused by vibrations in the underground caves, like the beating of a human heart. As people continue to observe tidal phenomena, they gradually understand the real causes of tidal phenomena. In ancient my country, Yu Dao'an said in the book "Preface to the Ocean Tide Map": "The tide rises and falls, and the sea does not increase or decrease. When the moon comes, it will follow it." Wang Chong, a thinker in the Han Dynasty, wrote in "Lunheng": "The rise and fall of the waves rise and fall with the moon." They all pointed out that the tides are related to the moon.

In the 1680s, after the British scientist Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, he proposed the hypothesis that tides are caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun to seawater, thus scientifically explaining the cause of tides. It turns out that seawater rotates as the earth rotates, and rotating objects are affected by centrifugal force, which makes them tend to move away from the center of rotation. This is just like a rotating open umbrella, and the water droplets on the umbrella will be thrown out. At the same time, seawater is also attracted by the moon, the sun and other celestial bodies. Because the moon is closest to the earth, the attraction of the moon is greater. In this way, the sea water forms a tidal force under the simultaneous action of these two forces. Since the earth and the moon are constantly moving, the relative positions of the earth, the moon and the sun are changing periodically, so the tidal force is also changing periodically, which causes the tidal phenomenon to occur periodically.

2. (Watch the video) Use rich imagination to express the feelings of listening to trends.

3. (Watch the video) How to understand what Armstrong said: "This small step is a small step for a person; it is a huge leap for the entire mankind."

5. The fifth round of writing questions:

Requirements: Strange imagination and new ideas.

Full of creative spirit.

Cooperation is completed and one person expresses it.

About 200 words and three minutes.

According to audience reviews, the scores can be divided into three levels: 50 points, 40 points, and 30 points.

1. You drive a spaceship and search for alien life in the vast space. It's been several days since you left Earth. At this time, through the porthole, you see a beautiful blue planet ------

2. A day on the moon

3. I am a lunar man ------

Attached are some materials:

Overview of the Moon

Compared with the Earth, the Moon is much smaller. The diameter of the moon is about ? of the diameter of the earth; the volume of the moon

is 1/49 of the volume of the earth; the surface area of ??the moon is about 1/14 of the earth's surface area, which is a little smaller than the area of ??Asia; The mass of the moon is approximately equal to 1/81 of the mass of the earth; the acceleration of gravity on the surface of the moon is very small, only equivalent to 1/6 of the acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface. Therefore, the astronauts who landed on the moon, wearing heavy spacesuits and holding detection instruments, still felt light when walking on the moon.

Due to the weak gravity of the moon, it cannot retain the atmosphere and sound cannot be transmitted, so the moon is a silent and lifeless world. Since there is no atmosphere on the moon, there is of course no water vapor, and there are no weather changes such as wind, clouds, rain, and snow. The temperature between day and night varies greatly. In places exposed to direct sunlight during the day, the temperature can reach 127°C, while at night it drops to -183°C. There is no air or any form of water on the moon, so there is no life. The bright parts below the moon that we see with the naked eye are mountains and plateaus on the moon. The highest mountain on the moon is 9,000 meters high, which is higher than Mount Everest on Earth; the dark parts of the moon are oceans, and they are named "Ocean of Tempest", "Sea of ??Tranquility", etc. In fact, there are lava plains formed by the large amounts of magma erupted by early volcanic eruptions on the moon. The most striking feature of the moon is the dotted pattern of craters, with a diameter of more than 1,000 meters (also called "lunar craters"). There are more than 33,000 craters on the front of the moon. These craters are generally the product of cosmic objects impacting the lunar surface and volcanic activity. During the lunar landing expedition, we learned that the lunar surface was covered with a layer of lunar material and debris of varying thicknesses. Since the Apollo 11 moon landing, hundreds of kilograms of various lunar rock samples have been collected several times. After analysis, nearly 60 minerals have been found in lunar rocks, 6 of which have not yet been discovered on earth. All chemical elements on Earth were found in lunar rocks and soil, and a variety of organic compounds were found, but no signs of biological matter were found. The age of the moon, like the earth, is also 4.6 billion years.

Earth-Moon System

The Earth has only one satellite, which is the moon. Since the mass of the earth is much greater than that of the moon, the mutual attraction between the earth and the moon causes the moon to constantly revolve around the earth, forming a small celestial body system in the universe - the Earth-Moon system. The moon is approximately 384,400 kilometers away from the earth on average. It is the closest planet to the earth in the universe and is also the first planet that humans have visited outside the earth. In July 1969, the American Apollo 11 spacecraft landed astronauts on the moon for the first time. It took just over four days from launch to landing on the moon. The moon takes 27.32 seconds to orbit the earth once. On the same day, the moon takes 27.32 days to rotate once; the direction of rotation is the same as the revolution, from west to east.

Moon Phases

Looking at the moon from the earth, some are completely dark, which is called the new moon (new moon); sometimes it looks like a sickle, which is called the crescent moon.

; Sometimes it is a semicircle, which is called a quarter moon; sometimes it is a large semicircle, which is called a gibbous moon; sometimes it is like a bright mirror with silver light shining all around, which is called a full moon (looking). The various shapes of the moon's waxing and waning (waning and waxing) are called moon phases. The moon, like the earth, does not emit its own light but relies entirely on reflected sunlight. The half of the sphere facing the sun is bright and the half of the sphere facing away from the sun is dark.

Because the relative positions of the sun, the earth, and the moon change as the moon orbits the earth eastward, a cyclical change of the moon phases is formed: new moon - first quarter moon - full moon - last quarter moon - new moon. The cycle of moon phase changes is 29.53 days.

The significance of the moon to the earth

The moon and the earth are closely related. The moon's influence on the earth mainly includes the following aspects. 1. The natural lighting at night on the earth mainly depends on the moon. 2. As far back as ancient times, people compiled calendars based on the changing cycles of the moon. The arrangement of the months in the Chinese lunar calendar is based on the moon phase cycle. The lunar calendar stipulates that New Year's Day is the first day of the lunar month, so it is expected to be on the 15th or 16th day. The traditional festivals of our people, such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, are arranged according to the months and days of the lunar calendar. 3. Due to the different gravitational forces of the moon and the sun on various places on the earth's surface, water bodies on the earth produce obvious tidal phenomena. 4. The moon is the first stop for human interstellar navigation. It is known that there are many valuable mineral deposits on the surface of the moon; the gravity is small; there is no atmosphere, and the conditions for utilizing solar energy are better. How to use the special environment of the moon to develop its resources, and how to use the moon as a "pier" to enable humans to better study the universe will be a new chapter in the relationship between the moon and the earth. Moon

Commonly known as the moon, also known as the lunar moon. The Earth's only natural satellite and the closest celestial body to the Earth. In astronomy, the moon is often represented by the symbol □.

Distance, size and mass The Moon is on average 384,401±1 kilometers from the Earth. This distance is approximately 10 times the circumference of the Earth at the equator. The moon's orbit is elliptical, with an average distance of 363,300 kilometers from perigee and 405,500 kilometers from apogee. The Moon's average equatorial horizon parallax (that is, the angle at which the Earth's equatorial radius is viewed from the Moon at an average distance) is 57□2□60. The average equatorial radius angle of the moon when viewed from the earth is 15□32□6. From this, the diameter of the moon can be calculated to be 3,476 kilometers, which is approximately 3/11 of the diameter of the earth. The surface area of ??the moon is about 1/14 of the earth's surface area, slightly smaller than the area of ??Asia. The volume of the moon is only equivalent to ?9 of the volume of the earth. The mass of the moon is approximately equal to 1/81.3 of the mass of the earth. The average density of lunar material is 3.34 g/cm□, which is only equivalent to 3/5 of the density of the Earth. The gravitational acceleration of a free-falling object on the moon is 1.62 meters/second, which is 1/6 of the gravitational acceleration on the earth's surface. The escape velocity on the moon is about 2.4 kilometers/second, which is about 1/5 of the escape velocity on the earth.

Orbital orbit The moon and the earth are a pair, forming the earth-moon system, and they both revolve around the center of mass of the moon. The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is about 4,671 kilometers away from the center of the earth. Therefore, the elliptical orbit around the center of mass is not much different from the elliptical orbit around the center of the earth. While the moon makes an elliptical motion around the earth, it also accompanies the earth in its revolution around the sun, one week per year. The moon is not only under the gravity of the earth, but also affected by the gravity of the sun, so it has a very complex orbital motion. The main orbital changes are:

Eccentricity changes The eccentricity of the moon's orbit changes in the range of 1/15 to 1/23, and the average eccentricity is 0.0549, which is close to 1/18.

Orbital inclination changes: The inclination of the moon's orbit (the ecliptic) to the earth's orbit (the ecliptic) varies between 4°57□ and 5°19□, with an average of 5°09□.

The elliptical orbit of the moon around the earth is not fixed on its own plane. Its elliptical arch line (the line connecting perigee and apogee) moves forward along the direction of the moon's revolution. Every time 8.85 years moved one week. As early as the Han Dynasty in China, Jia Kui proposed that the fastest point of the moon's apparent motion moves once every nine years, which is actually the result of the arching motion.

The intersection of the ecliptic and the ecliptic is not fixed in space, but is constantly moving westward, running one week every 18.6 years. This phenomenon was discovered by Liu Hong as early as the late Eastern Han Dynasty and was used in lunar eclipse forecast calculations.

Center difference Because the moon's orbit is an ellipse rather than a circle, the moon's revolution speed is not uniform. Compared with the uniform circular motion, the moon's motion sometimes leads and sometimes lags behind. Its half amplitude is 6°.29 and its period is 27.55455 days.

The perturbations of the sun and some large planets make the movement of the moon very complicated, with tens of thousands of motion differences. In order to study the complex motion of the moon, many scientists such as Laplace, Hansen, Delaunay, Hill, E.W. Brown and others devoted their life's energy. Although many items can be omitted, about 2,000 items need to be retained in order to compile the "Moon Table". The use of large-scale electronic computers has greatly reduced the heavy calculation work in compiling the "Moon Table" (see Moon Movement Theory).

The period of the moon's rotation around the earth has the following types depending on the base point selected: ① Synodic moon: The period of the moon's profit and loss, based on the sun, can reach an average of 29.53059 days. This cycle was the basis of the ancient Chinese calendar long ago. ② Sidereal month: The period based on the position of the stars, that is, the moon revolves around the earth once, with an average of 27.32166 days. As early as in the book "Huainanzi" of the Western Han Dynasty, China had already concluded that the sidereal monthly period is 27.32185 days, achieving very high accuracy.

③Node month: Based on the intersection of the ecliptic and the ecliptic, the cycle is 27.21222 days. The monthly period of the nodes deduced by Zu Chongzhi during the Southern and Northern Dynasties is quite close to the modern value. ④ Perigee month: The moon moves from perigee to perigee with a period of 27.55455 days. Jia Kui discovered the existence of this cycle during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and Liu Hong first measured its length as 27.55476 days, which is almost the same as today's measured value. ⑤ Equinox month: Based on the vernal equinox, the cycle is 27.32158 days.

Rotation and shape People have known since ancient times that the same side of the moon always faces the Earth. This is caused by the fact that the moon's rotation period is exactly the same as the moon's rotation period around the earth, and the same two periods are the result of the long-term effects of tides.

The moon's equatorial plane has an inclination angle of 6°41□ with its orbital plane. Because of the existence of this tilt angle and the uneven rotation speed of the moon, during the movement of the moon, observers at a certain point on the ground can still see the edge of the moon oscillating back and forth to some extent. This wobble is called lunar libration. Balance motion can be divided into:

Geometric balance motion or apparent balance motion. Optical balance motion can be further divided into: longitude balance motion, latitude balance motion and diurnal balance motion, see optical balance motion of the moon.

Physical balance motion: Due to the unequal lengths of the three main inertia axes of the moon, the moon deviates from its average position under the influence of the earth's gravity. Unlike geometric balance motion, it is a real oscillation. The physical balance motion is much smaller than the geometric balance motion (see lunar physical balance motion). Due to the motion of these two balances, not only half of the moon can be seen from the ground, but 59% of the moon can be seen, and the remaining 41% cannot be seen directly.

The shape of the moon is an oblate sphere with the north and south poles slightly flattened and the equator slightly bulged. Its average polar radius is 500 meters shorter than its equatorial radius. The Arctic and Antarctic regions are also asymmetrical. The Arctic region is uplifted and the Antarctic region is depressed by about 400 meters. However, in general calculations, the moon can still be treated as a three-axis ellipsoid. The study of physical balance motion helps solve the problem of the moon's shape. The study of balance motion also shows that the center of gravity of the moon does not coincide with the geometric center, and the center of gravity is 2 kilometers away from the earth. This conclusion has been confirmed by the data obtained from the Apollo moon landing.

Features of the moon: The moon is covered with undulating mountains and dense peaks. In addition, there are various characteristic names such as ocean, sea, bay and lake. In fact, there is no water on the moon. It's just that observers in the early years relied on their imagination and borrowed names from the earth. At most, they only have some morphological similarities.

Craters or craters are the most obvious features on the moon. Crater means "bowl" in Greek, so it usually refers to a bowl-shaped pit structure. The largest ones can have a diameter of more than 100 kilometers, while the smaller ones are just pits. There are more than 33,000 craters with a diameter greater than 1 km, accounting for 7 to 10% of the moon's surface area. Most of the craters are named after famous astronomers or other scholars. There are four craters on the far side of the moon, respectively named after ancient Chinese astronomers Shi Shen, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi (see Zu Chongzhi and his son), and Guo Shoujing. The largest craters on the moon are: Bailey crater near the South Pole, with a diameter of 295 kilometers; Clave crater, with a diameter of 233 kilometers; Newton crater, with a diameter of 230 kilometers. The central area of ??many craters has a central peak or central peak group, which is as high as 2.5 kilometers.

Moonmarine The dim black spots on the moon that can be seen with the naked eye. They are vast plains. On the far side of the moon, the maria occupies about half of the entire hemisphere's surface. There are 22 known lunar maria (including the far side), the largest of which is Oceanus Procellarum, covering an area of ??about 5 million square kilometers. Mare Imbrium covers an area of ??approximately 900,000 square kilometers. The Sea of ??Tranquility in the center of the moon covers an area of ??approximately 260,000 square kilometers. In addition, the larger ones include Chenghai, Fufuhai, Weihai, and Yunhai. Most of the lunar maria are circular and closed, surrounded by mountains. Some lunar maria extend toward the land and are called bays, while smaller lunar maria are called lakes.

The lunar continent, mountains and cliffs The lunar continent is the area on the lunar surface that is higher than the lunar sea, usually 2 to 3 kilometers higher. The lunar continent is mainly composed of light-colored anorthositic rocks with high albedo. The area of ??the lunar continent and the lunar maria on the front side of the moon are roughly equal, while on the far side, the lunar continent area is larger. The age of the formation of the lunar continent has been determined by isotopic age to be 4.6 billion years, which is earlier than the lunar maria. There are also some mountain ranges on the moon, most of which are named after mountains on Earth, such as the Apennines, Caucasus Mountains, Alps, etc. The longest mountain range is 1,000 kilometers long, often 3 to 4 kilometers above the lunar sea. The highest mountain is near the moon's south pole, reaching a height of 9,000 meters, which is higher than Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. In addition to mountains, there are cliffs hundreds of kilometers long, the longest being the Altai Cliffs.

The typical radiation patterns on the moon are those around Tycho crater and Copernicus crater. Tycho crater has 12 radial patterns, which extend radially outward from around the crater. The longest one is 1,800 kilometers long. It can be seen most clearly during the full moon. There is no conclusion on its cause: some say it was caused by a volcanic eruption; others think it was caused by meteorites bombarding the lunar surface.

Physical properties Long-term astronomical observations and direct inspections of the moon have confirmed that there is no obvious magnetic field around the moon. The strength of the moon's magnetic field is less than 1/1000 of the Earth's magnetic field. There are no radiation belts on the moon like the Earth and Jupiter. There is no water in any form on the moon, there is no atmosphere at all, and it is almost in a vacuum state.

Through lunar rocket exploration, it was found that there are as many as 12 gravity anomaly areas called "gravity tumors" or "mass tumors" on the front of the moon; most of the lunar surface is covered by a layer of lunar dust and debris of varying thicknesses. cover. The thermal conductivity of the lunar surface material is extremely low, about 6×10□cal/(cm·second·degree). The moon does not have a protective layer like the earth's atmosphere. The lunar surface is directly impacted by meteoroids, which to a certain extent affects the chemical composition, size of debris, glass content and degree of recrystallization of lunar rocks. In the early days of the moon, widespread volcanic eruptions erupted, spewing out large amounts of molten lava, forming vast lava plains on the moon.

Photos of the far side of the moon

The moon itself does not emit light, it only reflects sunlight. Its brightness changes with the angular distance between the sun and the moon and the distance between the earth and the moon. Its average brightness is ?65,000 that of the Sun, and its brightness varies from 1/630,000 to 1/375,000. The average brightness of a full moon is -12.7 magnitude (see magnitude). The average illumination it gives to the earth is 0.22 lux, which is equivalent to the illumination of a 100-watt electric lamp at a distance of 21 meters. The moon is not a good reflector. Its average albedo is only 7%, and the remaining 93% is absorbed by the moon. The albedo of the lunar maria is even lower, around 6%. The albedo of the lunar highlands and craters is 17%, making the mountains appear brighter than the lunar maria. The brightness of the moon changes with the age of the moon. The following table lists the brightness values ??at different ages of the moon, taking the degree of the full moon as 100. It can be seen that the brightness of the full moon is more than ten times greater than that of the upper and lower phases.

Since there is no atmosphere on the moon, and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the lunar surface materials are very low, the temperature difference between day and night on the lunar surface is large. During the day, the temperature in places where the sun shines vertically is as high as +127°C; at night, the temperature can drop to -183°C. These values ??only represent the temperature of the moon's surface. Radio observations can be used to measure the temperature in the lunar soil, and the longer the wavelength of the radio wave used, the better it can detect the temperature deeper in the lunar soil. This measurement shows that the temperature deeper in the lunar soil changes very little, which is due to the low thermal conductivity of the lunar material.

From the propagation of moon shock waves, we know that the moon also has a layered structure such as crust, mantle, and core. The outermost lunar crust is 60 to 65 kilometers thick. Beneath the lunar crust to a depth of 1,000 kilometers is the lunar mantle, which accounts for most of the moon's volume. Below the lunar mantle is the lunar core. The temperature of the lunar core is about 1,000°C, and it is likely to be molten, probably composed of Fe-Ni-S and eclogite materials.

The structure of the far side of the moon is quite different from that of the front side. The maria occupies less area and has more craters. The terrain is uneven and has great fluctuations. The longest and shortest lunar radii are located on the far side. Some places are 4 kilometers longer than the average radius of the moon, and some places are 5 kilometers shorter (such as Van de Graaf Depression). No "mass tumors" were found on the back. The moon crust on the back is thicker than the front, with a maximum thickness of 150 kilometers, while the thickness of the moon crust on the front is only about 60 kilometers.