Shanghai July thermometer

Xuhui District is located in the southwest of the city, with latitude 3 1 12' and longitude 120 26'. South Shaanxi Road and Rihui Port are adjacent to Luwan District in the east, facing Pudong District across Huangpu River in the southeast, Dianpu River in the south, Hongmei Road in the west, Shanghai County in the north, Changle Road and Huaihai West Road in the north, Jing 'an and Changning. It is the throat for suburban counties such as Qingpu, Fengxian, Songjiang and Jinshan to enter the urban area, and it is also the main road to Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces.

First of all, geology

This area is located at the eastern end of the saucer-shaped depression in Taihu Lake, close to Shen Gang, the earliest land-forming area in Shanghai. It is a low-level alluvial plain between Shen Gang and Huangpu River. Basement rocks are composed of Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Mesozoic volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, and Cenozoic red glutenite and basalt in local depressed basins. Quaternary loose sediments with different burial depths are covered. The surface layer of the ground is brownish yellow soil layer, which is composed of loam and clay. The lower layer is gray silt layer. According to the survey, the area around Shimin Village on Hongqiao Road is filled with earth within 10 meter from the surface, clay, loam and light loam below 10 meter, and silty sand and loam below 50 to 80 meters from the surface. A dark green hard soil layer was found 25 meters above the ground in the south of the area. Longhua and other areas are composed of gray clayey silt or gray light loam mixed with thin silt in flood plain facies. Natural water content is high, which is easy to produce quicksand. The diving depth is generally 0.5m, 0.3 ~ 0.5m in caohejing area and 1.3 ~ 2m in Changqiao area. The bearing capacity of shallow first confined water sand foundation is about 8 ~ 14 ton/m2.

Second, the landform.

This area is located in the middle of Gao Shuang, south of the Yangtze River, and belongs to a part of the alluvial plain with low water level. The natural slope of the water surface is small, all below the high tide level. Due to the large amount of groundwater exploitation, the ground subsidence is caused. The ground elevation to the north of Zhaojiabang Road is between 2.5 and 3 meters, and the low-lying area is below 2.5 meters. The territory used to be one of the distribution centers for surface transportation and goods. After liberation, traffic construction flourished, including Shanghai South Railway Station, Xinlonghua Marshalling Station and Xujiahui Railway Station. 7 subway 1 Line 13 stations are located in this area; There are more than 0/50 roads/kloc, and 38 urban bus lines pass through the area; Bus passenger transportation to the southwest counties of the suburbs also began at the West Bus Station; There are many rivers 100, and there are many wharves along the Huangpu River flowing through this area, mainly Beipiao Coal Handling Wharf and Kaiping Wharf. There are 5 10,000-ton berths.

The region belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons.

climate

First, the temperature

The annual average temperature is 65438 05.5℃. The average temperature of 65438+ 10 is about 3℃ in winter, and 27.5℃ in summer and August. According to records, the extreme minimum temperature in Xujiahui was-12. 1℃ in the 19th year of Guangxu reign (1893), and the extreme maximum temperature was 40% in July 12 in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934).

Xujiahui Monthly Average Temperature Table

Unit:℃

moon

project

1

2

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

10

1 1

12

throughout the year

Recording time

average temperature

3.3

4.4

8.2

13.9

18.9

23.2

27.4

27.4

23.6

17.8

1 1.7

5.9

15.5

108

( 1873~ 198 1)

Average

maximum air temperature

7.8

8.7

13. 1

19. 1

24.9

28. 1

32.3

32.5

28.2

23.2

17.0

10.9

20.4

100 year

( 1873~ 1972)

Average

minimum air temperature

0.0

1.0

4.5

9.8

14.9

19.7

24.0

24.0

19.8

19.7

7.7

2.l

1 1.8

100 year

( 1873~ 1972)

average temperature

3.7

4.6

8.5

14.2

19.2

23.4

27.8

27.7

23.6

18.3

12.4

6. 1

15.8

30 years

( 196 1~ 1990)

There are four distinct seasons in Xujiahui area. The average temperature is lower than 10℃ in winter and higher than 2℃ in summer, with spring and autumn in the middle.

Xujiahui seasonal distribution table

Jibie

Average start and end dates

Average number of days

(about)

About a whole year.

Percentage of total days

spring

From the end of March to the beginning of June

Seventy two

2 1

summer

Late June to early September

1 10

30

autumn

Early September ~165438+1late October

60

16

winter

165438+1late October to early March of the following year.

33

Second, the wind direction.

In winter, it is often influenced by the northwest monsoon from the Mongolian plateau, which is cold and dry with high wind speed, and in summer, it comes from the southeast wind of the Pacific Ocean. 3, September and June 10 is the monsoon transition period, with more northeast winds and the least southwest winds throughout the year.

Third, precipitation

There is more precipitation in summer than in winter, and more precipitation in spring than in autumn. There is no special dry season in the whole year, and the annual average precipitation is 1 143. 1mm, and the average precipitation in February is the least. In the fourth year of the Republic of China, there was no rain in the whole month of 65438+February. During the Meiyu period from June to July every year, the rainfall is concentrated and the precipitation is the most. In the first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1875), the precipitation in June was as high as 49 1.9 mm, and the rainstorm mainly fell in summer and autumn, with short snowfall in winter. The snow is not deep, and the number and frequency of hail are few.

Record of Monthly Average Precipitation and Daily Precipitation in Xujiahui Meteorological Observatory

project

moon

Average monthly precipitation (mm)

The daily precipitation in each month is greater than 0. 1.

Millimeter day (day)

1

48.0

9.6

2

6 1.5

10.4

three

84.0

12.5

four

93.8

13.0

five

103.2

13,0

six

178.0

13.9

seven

144. 1

1 1.2

eight

134.6

10.8

nine

133.9

12.0

10

70. 1

8.9

1 1

53.4

8.5

12

38.5

7.9

throughout the year

1 143. 1

13 1.7

record

time

100 year

( 1873~ 1972)

100 year

( 1873~ 1972)

Fourth, fog and frost.

The territory is rich in water vapor, with many condensation nuclei in the air, low wind speed and many foggy days. According to the statistics of Xujiahui Meteorological Observatory, the average foggy day is about 43 days per year, with a maximum of 93 days in the Republic of China 19 and a minimum of 3 days in the 27 th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Fog is easy to appear in windy and cloudless nights and mornings in June 5438+0 ~ May and June 5438+00 ~ February. The territory is flat and vulnerable to the cold wave. When the cold wave comes, the temperature drops sharply, causing frost in early spring and late autumn, endangering crops. The average first frost date is165438+1October 20th, and the average last frost date is April 24th. The annual average frost period is about 125.4 days, and the frost-free period is about 240 days.

Average frost days in Xujiahui and the initial and final tables

moon

age

10

1 1

12

1

2

three

four

throughout the year

The first frost day

Final frost day

( 189 1~ 194 1, 195 1~ 1973)

72 years average

0. 1

3.5

9.4

10.4

7.6

4.3

0.6

35.8

Average

Jirui

Average

extreme

165438+ October 20th

65438+100 on October 27th

1958

March 24

April 23(rd)

1909

1959

Verb (abbreviation for verb) disastrous weather

The main disasters are tropical storm (typhoon), tornado, rainstorm and hail. Typhoons hit Shanghai in July and August, followed by June and September, about twice a year on average. On July 28th, 2004, the typhoon blew the anemometer of Xujiahui Observatory with the maximum wind speed of 44 meters per second. 1On the night of July 24th, 949, a typhoon and rainstorm hit Shanghai, causing serious disasters. According to incomplete statistics, 665 houses collapsed in the south of Zhaojiabang, affecting 50/kloc-0 households with 2389 people, 85 people died and more than 40 people were injured. 1956 12 typhoon blew down the steel cross of Xujiahui Catholic Church, reaching as high as 1 m and weighing about 400 kg. Tornadoes often appear between summer and autumn. 1On the morning of September 6th, 962, a tornado went straight to Longhua, skimmed Longhua Building, swept the northwest, pulled up telephone poles and houses, and caused great losses to crops, people and animals. Rainstorms mainly occur in summer and autumn. 1 September 96313rd, there was a rainstorm of 246.7mm in Longhua ..1August 5, 969, and there was a rainstorm of 204.4 mm in Longhua, of which1hour had a maximum rainfall of 7 1.2 mm, with/kloc-0. There is little hail in this area. According to the Records of Songjiang Prefecture in Jiaqing Period of Qing Dynasty, "On April 8th, the first year of Yongzheng (1723), it rained heavily and hail, with the maximum amount reaching 50 Jin. From Longhua to Zhagang, one person died and countless people were injured. "