What are the 25 kinds of mint?

English name: mint

Alias: mint, mint, fish herb, salvia miltiorrhiza, watercress, etc.

Families and genera:

Domain: Eukaryotic domain

Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom

Door: angiosperm magnolia door

Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia

Objective: Labiatae Labiatae.

Family: Labiatae

Genus: Mentha haplocalyx.

Distribution:

It was first produced in Europe, the Mediterranean and West Asia. At present, the main producing areas are the United States, Spain, Italy, France, Britain, the Balkans and so on. , and most parts of China, such as Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi are produced.

In China: Widely distributed in China. China is one of the major exporters of peppermint oil and menthol.

World: widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and a few in the southern hemisphere.

kind

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There are about 30 species of Mentha plants in the world. There are 25 kinds of plants in mint, except a few annual plants, most of which are perennial plants with fragrance. At present, the main producing area is the United States, and the best mint is produced in Britain. The stem is about 90 cm long, the hairy leaves are serrated, the flowers are terminal, and there are purple, white and pink spikes. There are 12 species in China, and there are pepper lotus, mint, spearmint and mint in the wild.

One legend is that ...

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Legend has it that mint originally came from Greek mythology. Hades fell in love with the beautiful fairy Mansi, and Hades' wife Persephone was very jealous. In order to make the guardian forget Muncie, Persephone turned her into an ordinary grass, which grew on the roadside and was trampled by others. However, after the strong and kind Manxi has turned into grass, it has a comfortable, cool and charming fragrance. The more it is crushed and trampled, the stronger it is. Although she has become a grass, she is loved by more and more people. People call this grass mint. Both Romans and Greeks like the taste of mint. On festivals, they also wear mint textile garlands on their bodies. Egyptians used bagged mint, fennel and fennel as taxes. American Indians will use mint to treat pneumonia. Mint has strong bactericidal and antibacterial effects. Regular drinking can prevent viral colds and oral diseases, and the breath is fresh. Gargling with mint tea juice can prevent bad breath. Steaming noodles with mint tea mist also has the effect of shrinking pores. Leaves soaked in tea will feel cool when applied to eyes, which can relieve eye fatigue. It is said that mint is also known as "POTAMOGETON" and can be used to treat eye diseases.

efficacy

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Mint products (menthol and peppermint oil) have special fragrance, stimulation and coolness, and are mainly used for perfuming toothpaste, food, tobacco, wine, refreshing drinks, cosmetics and soap. Widely used in drugs for expelling wind, preventing corrosion, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, relieving itching and invigorating stomach. As a medicine, the whole herb has the effects of sweating, dispelling wind-heat and relieving itching, and is suitable for common cold, fever, headache, sore throat, anhidrosis, wind-fire red eye, rubella, itchy skin, hernia, dysentery and scrofula. External use has slight analgesic effect, and can be used for treating neuralgia. China has always been a big exporter of menthol and peppermint oil, and its products enjoy a high reputation in the international market. They are exported to dozens of countries and regions, and their foreign exchange earnings are considerable. The substances secreted by the roots of Mentha haplocalyx in the soil during the growth period have bacteriostatic effect, and have obvious inhibitory effects on several major diseases and insect pests such as cotton wilt, damping-off disease, thrips and aphids. Especially for cotton wilt, so mint-cotton rotation can be carried out in seriously ill cotton areas.

form

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First, the root

The real absorption of mint cultivated in production is that a large number of fibrous roots are planted in the buried part of vertical stems above ground and underground rhizome nodes. The depth of these roots is about 30cm, and the topsoil is about 15 ~ 20 cm. In addition, under the condition of high humidity between plants, many aerial roots will grow in the basal nodes and internodes of vertical stems on the ground. In dry weather, these aerial roots will die by themselves, so it has little effect on the growth and development of mint.

Second, terrier

1. aboveground stem

There are two kinds of aboveground stems of mint, one is called erect stem, square, and the color varies with varieties, including cyan and purple. Its main function is to attach leaves, produce branches, connect roots and leaves, transport water and nutrients absorbed by roots from soil to leaves, and at the same time transport the products of leaf photosynthesis to the conduction channels of roots. Roots have nodes and internodes, leaves attach to nodes, and branches grow in leaf axils. Although there are a few oil glands on the stem surface, the content of essential oil is very small (the oil yield of fresh stem is 0.00 1% ~ 0.004%). The other is called stolon, which germinates on the basal nodes of vertical stems above the ground and grows horizontally. There are nodes and internodes on it, and each node has two opposite bud scales and latent buds, which crawl and grow on the ground. Sometimes, after the terminal buds continue to grow for a period of time, the terminal buds drill out of the ground and sprout new seedlings. Some stolon terminal buds germinate directly into leaves and grow up into branches. The color, quantity, length and thickness of stolons often vary with varieties and growth conditions.

2. Underground stem

Also known as underground rhizome, it looks like a root, so it is often called seed root. Usually, when the vertical stem of the upper part of the ground grows to a certain height (about 8 nodes), the rhizome begins to grow at the base of the stem in shallow soil, and then gradually grows and increases. After the first harvest, these underground rhizomes germinate under suitable water conditions (i.e., two-knife seedlings), and grow new roots after a certain stage, becoming materials for autumn sowing. There are also nodes and internodes on the underground rhizome, and fibrous roots grow on the nodes. There are two opposite bud scales and latent buds on each node. The horizontal distribution range can reach about 30cm, and the vertical burial depth is small, and most of them are concentrated in the soil surface layer 10cm. Experiments show that under natural conditions, underground rhizomes have no dormancy period, that is, at any time of the year, as long as the soil temperature and moisture are suitable, underground rhizomes can germinate and continue to grow into plants.

Water and nutrients are stored in underground roots. Under suitable conditions, they can germinate and grow into new plants, which can basically maintain the original morphology and excellent characters of the variety. Therefore, it is the main part of production for reproduction.

Third, leaves

The leaves of mint are attached to the stem nodes in the opposite way. The shape, color, thickness, surface condition and density of serrated leaves vary with varieties, growth periods and growth conditions. Generally speaking, the shape of leaves is oval and oval. The colors of leaves are green, dark green and grayish green.

The leaves of mint are not only the organ of photosynthesis, but also the main place to store essential oil. Oil glands (oil storage structures) are more distributed in the upper and lower epidermis of leaves than in the lower epidermis. The number of oil glands per unit leaf area varies from variety to variety, and it is also related to the growth period, leaf age and leaf position of the plant. The higher the density of oil glands in a certain leaf area, the higher the oil content. The content of essential oil in leaves accounts for more than 98% of the total oil content of the whole plant, but for each leaf, its oil content is closely related to environmental conditions, cultivation techniques, varieties, leaf position and leaf age. According to the determination, the oil content of the upper leaves of the plant increases gradually from bottom to top.

The oil production per unit area first depends on the number of leaves per unit area, the size of leaf area and the oil content (oil gland density). Therefore, how to increase the number of leaves, reduce and delay leaf shedding, and control pests and diseases has become an important link in mint production.

Fourth, the branch

Branches of mint are sprouted from latent buds in the axils of main stems and leaves, and opposite leaves are attached to them. Different varieties have different branching ability. At the same time, branch number, branch length and branch node are related to field population density and tube culture measures. Generally speaking, with the increase of field population density, the number of branches per plant decreases and the number of branches increases. Poor cultivation conditions, especially lack of fertilizer and water, will also affect branching. Therefore, how to control the reasonable field density according to the branching habits of varieties, soil fertility, fertilization level and other conditions in cultivation is one of the important measures to obtain high yield.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) flower, fruit and seed

Mint has smaller flowers. The base of calyx is combined into a bell shape with five triangular teeth on the upper part; Corolla is reddish, lavender or milky white, with four lobes at the base; Normal flowers have four stamens (some varieties have no stamens or only traces), which are inserted on the corolla wall; A pistil, the top of the style is divided into two parts, protruding from the corolla. Normal flowers (that is, flowers with pistils and stamens) are larger, while flowers with stamens not exposed or only traces are smaller.

In the case of natural growth, it blooms once a year. Under the condition of artificial cultivation, it is generally harvested twice a year and bloomed twice (except for some varieties and some regions), and the flowering period varies with varieties and regions.

The flowering peak in a day often changes with the climatic conditions. If the weather is fine, it is usually 6:00-9:00 in the morning, postponed on cloudy or rainy days, and closed in the afternoon.

Generally speaking, self-pollination of mint cannot bear fruit, and cross-pollination by wind or insects is a necessary condition for bearing fruit. It usually takes about 10 ~ 15 days from budding to flowering, and about 20 days from flowering to seed maturity. Seed setting rate varies with varieties and environmental conditions. A flower can bear up to four seeds and store them in a bell-shaped calyx. Nutlets are oblong and oval in shape, and the seeds are small and light brown, weighing only about 1g, and each kilogram of seeds can reach about 5 million.

Chemical composition:

Fresh leaves contain 0.8~ 1% of volatile oil, and dry stems and leaves contain 1.3~2%. The main component of the oil is menthol, with a content of about 77-78%, followed by menthone, with a content of 8- 12%, and also contains menthyl acetate, camphene, limonene and isomenthone. Fresh stems and leaves contain about 1% of volatile oil, while dry stems and leaves contain about 1.3%-2% of oil. The oil mainly contains about 77%-87% l- menthol, followed by about 10% l- menthone. In addition, it also contains isomenthone, menthone, decyl acetate, menthyl acetate, menthyl benzoate, α-pinene, pentanol -3, β-pinene and β-thu. In addition, leaves also contain many free amino acids, such as threonine, alanine, glutamic acid and asparagine. It is said that it contains resin and a small amount of tannin and rosmarinic acid. There are also a variety of flavonoids.

Chemical identification:

(1) Take a little leaf powder of this product, slightly sublimate it to get an oil, quickly add 2 drops of sulfuric acid and a little vanillin crystal to make it change from yellow to orange, and then add 1 drop of water to make it purple. (menthol)

(2) Take 0.5g of this product, add 5ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃), seal it, shake it evenly for a few minutes, let it stand for 30min, filter the filtrate, and take menthol as control to prepare a control solution containing 2mg per ml. Spot samples on silica gel G thin-layer plates respectively, spread them with benzene-ethyl acetate (19: 1) as developing agent, take them out and dry them, spray 2% vanillin sulfuric acid test solution, and heat them at 98℃ for 2-5min. In the chromatogram of the test sample, rose-red spots appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.

Daily use

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1, used for the first onset of wind-heat cold and fever. This product is often used to disperse wind and heat, so it can be used for treating wind-heat cold or febrile disease at first.

For headache and fever with slight aversion to wind-cold, it is often combined with Yin Hua, Forsythia suspensa, Burdock and Schizonepeta, such as Yinqiao Powder.

2. Used for headache, red eyes and sore throat. This product is light, invigorating yang, fragrant, enlightening, good at dispersing pathogenic wind and heat, clearing the head and benefiting the throat. Treat wind-heat attack, headache and red eyes,

Used with mulberry leaves, chrysanthemum and Vitex negundo. For wind-heat stagnation and sore throat, it is often combined with Radix Platycodi, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Bombyx Batryticatus, Herba Schizonepetae and Radix Saposhnikoviae.

3, used for measles, rubella itching. This product is light in weight, and has the functions of dispersing wind and heat, dispersing toxin and penetrating rash. Used for treating wind-heat and impenetrable measles. It is often used with cicada slough, Schizonepeta and bezoar.

Bangzi, Lithospermum, etc. , such as Tourash soup; Rubella pruritus can be combined with Sophora flavescens, Cortex Dictamni Radicis and Radix Saposhnikoviae to dispel wind, penetrate rash and relieve itching.

4, used for liver depression and qi stagnation, chest tightness and hypochondriac pain. This product enters the liver meridian, which can soothe the liver and relieve depression. It is often combined with Bupleurum, Paeonia lactiflora and Angelica to treat liver depression and qi stagnation.

Chest pain, irregular menstruation, such as Xiaoyao San.

5. In addition, this product is fragrant and smelly, and can also be used to treat swelling, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea caused by moist and dirty air in summer. Often used with Pogostemon, Eupatorium odoratum and lentils.

Usage and dosage: decoct in water, 3 ~ 6g, or go down later. Its leaves are longer than sweating, and its stems have the meaning of qi.

Precautions: This product is pungent, sweaty and gas-consuming, and it is not suitable for people who are weak and sweaty.

Pharmacology: contains volatile oil, mainly isomenthol, 1- menthone and menthyl ester.

Oral peppermint oil can stimulate the central nervous system, dilate skin capillaries, promote sweat gland secretion, increase heat dissipation, and play the role of sweating and antipyretic; Peppermint oil can inhibit the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, resist choline acetate and show spasmolytic effect; Peppermint oil can promote the secretion of respiratory glands and has therapeutic effect on respiratory inflammation; In vitro, mint decoction has inhibitory effects on herpes simplex virus, forest virus and mumps virus, and has bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus A, Streptococcus B, Staphylococcus carinii, Enterococcus, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Peppermint oil for external use can stimulate the cold receptors of nerve endings to produce cold sensation, reflexively cause changes in deep tissues and blood vessels, and play an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipruritic role.

The exposition of famous scholars

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① "Outline": mint, pungent powder, cool and clear, specializing in dispersing wind and heat. Therefore, fever, scrofula and scabies in children with headache, wind, eye, throat and tongue disease are the main drugs.

2 "Materia Medica": mint, bitter and non-toxic. Sympathetic lung, lung combined with fur, painstakingly cremated, controlling blood vessels, heat, yang and viscera. Thieves have typhoid fever, its evil is in the exterior, sweating can relieve the exterior. Wind-induced drugs are both pungent and warm, so they can dispel and control evil. The pungent taste is clear, so it treats abdominal distension and cholera. "Dietotherapy" is cited as being able to get rid of the heat in the heart, so it is suggested that children who are shocked by wind and heat should be guided by menstruation and medicine. The pungent fragrance is separated by joints, so the wind will drain the sweat when the thief sweats. It's not spleen and stomach medicine. It's safe to stay at home and eat it. The rising nature is also difficult to control the true qi; Fatigue belongs to deficiency, which can be solved if it does not disperse, and none of the three treatments is right. Those smart people should be separated. Also: patients should not take it at first, because they sweat a lot and show qi deficiency. If it is a cough caused by a cold due to lung deficiency, it should not be taken, but should be supplemented and treated. People with yin deficiency should not take it when they have a fever, and sweating will exhaust body fluids. Don't take beriberi typhoid fever, because its main disease belongs to the spleen. Blood deficiency headache, unlike other blood-enriching drugs, is not available. Children can't get body heat because of food injury, and children can't get body heat because of malnutrition. Children with acne diagnosed as qi deficiency should not use it even if they have a fever at first.

(3) "medicinal meaning": mint is pungent, can be dispersed, and its nature is cool and clear, which is beneficial to the meeting of six yang and dispelling the heat of cold. Take its sharp and light nature, be good at the head and face, and use it to treat aphonia, mouth and teeth, and clear the throat. Chuanxiong is used to reach the top to guide stagnant heat. Take its incense to help resuscitation, be good at muscle surface, use it to eliminate edema, muscle heat, waist pain, introduce exterior drugs into the camp and relieve qi stagnation.

4 "New Edition of Materia Medica": Mint, isn't it particularly good at dispelling wind and removing dampness? Especially good at relieving depression, using Rhizoma Cyperi to relieve depression, not using mint to relieve depression. Mint enters the liver and gallbladder, and is good at solving evil in half exterior and half interior, which is lighter than Bupleurum.

⑤ "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": Mint is pungent and cool, and belongs to liver and lung. Therefore, the pungent taste in the book can be dispersed, but it is suitable for headache, head wind, fever and aversion to cold. The pungent taste can dredge collaterals, and treat evil spirits and phlegm in the heart: cold can clear away heat, but it has miraculous effects on throat, mouth, eyes, ears, rash, boils, fever, bone steaming and bleeding. It is based on the freedom of the ancient party, as a tool to relieve depression and dissipate qi; Children with convulsions and epilepsy can use this as a weather vane; Intestinal wind and blood dysentery are thought to be the method of dispersing qi and clearing away profits, so I dare not use them more. I only order two or three points for fear of leaking my true ears.

⑥ "Continuation of Classics": Vomiting will lead to fullness and decrease, and rest will lead to food, that is, we should be tolerant of it even if it does not decrease, and regulate qi and eliminate depression. Why take it from mint? I don't know how cool mint is, but it seems to be a time of cardamom. It could have been lenient, reasonable and helpful to people who care about health. Especially fragrant, unlike the cardamom generation, it is important to distribute, not to cure the ears. If the evil stays in food and it is still rooted in appearance, then it is not the root of mint to solve its knot and play its role outside, so how can it be eliminated from appearance?

⑦ Experience of Western Medicine: Mint is pungent, clear, fragrant and flat. Its strength can penetrate into the bones and muscles from the inside, reach the muscle surface from the outside, disperse the viscera, run the meridians and make people sweat. It is an important drug suitable for people with fever and sweating. If it is used sparingly, it is also good at reconciling internal injuries, treating liver qi, stagnation of gallbladder fire and pain, or hyperactivity of liver wind, sudden epilepsy, convulsion, carbuncle swelling, headache, eye pain, sinus, nasal congestion, sudden pain, sore throat and limb spasm, and all diseases caused by stagnation of wind and fire and heat can be treated. It should also be used for dysentery with exogenous symptoms. Eliminating external evils means clearing the heat in the intestine, and dysentery is easy to heal. It is also good at disinfection and exorcism. All cholera cases are also important drugs. Because of its pungent and cool taste, it is good at rash and itching, and is often used in pediatrics. Peppermint is used for sweating due to fever, and ephedra is also used for sweating due to typhoid fever. According to its original name, mint is used as a vegetable instead of medicine. It was not included in the classics and other records until the Tang Dynasty, because the parties in Treatise on Febrile Diseases did not use mint. However, if we carefully examine the prescriptions of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, there are indeed prescriptions that should use mint, because it was not included in the drugs at that time, that is, those prescriptions that had to be changed to other drugs when using mint. Try taking the prescription of typhoid fever, such as ephedra in Maxingshi dry soup, and switch to mint. Calcium maxingshi dry soup, which was originally used to treat sweating but not real, cloud but not real, but it still has heat. Those who still use ephedra for fever should take it to clear lung and relieve asthma. But ephedra can clear lung and relieve asthma, and mint can also clear lung and relieve asthma (mint is pungent in nature, can restrain lung qi and is good at searching lung wind). If ephedra is used to treat fever, why not use mint to treat cooling fever? For example, where there is kudzu root in the soup, mint can also be used instead; Ge Genyuan published Yangming's heat in meridians. Pueraria lobata is not as cool as mint, and its publishing power is far less than mint, so why use Pueraria lobata to make mint? Si Fei went back to the old saying. When there was no medicine, the prescriptions prescribed by the ancients could not be perfect, and there was no other way, and the situation was limited.

⑧ Materialistic justice: Editing and engraving a classic of materia medica, named Su, is really credible. "Tang Materia Medica" said that Su was also taken as an example. However, cold can dissipate wind and heat, and it is not a warm medicine, so it is called Jiegu. Its main indication is "Tang Ben", which refers to thief wind, typhoid fever, halitosis, abdominal distension, cholera, dyspepsia and flatulence, all of which are similar to Perilla frutescens, but the taste is pungent and cool, which is slightly different from that of warm-dispersing. External treatment of wind-heat-induced sores: boil the juice and apply it to relieve swelling, cool it into the skin, and immediately stop the pain. Mint is nutritious and can be eaten with tender stems in spring and summer. Stir-fried or chilled with boiling water is very fragrant and delicious, especially in summer when it is drunk with its tender leaves and other fruits and vegetables. It is a good vegetable for removing summer heat and turbidity. You can also eat cold fried shredded pork, spoon juice, stuffing and so on. Like other vegetables. Summer mint tea also has a unique flavor. First, make tea with boiling water, then pour out the tea leaves, add fresh mint leaves to hot water, add boiling water, soak for a few minutes, and add sugar. It is pungent and cool, and can also treat internal heat, exogenous diseases, headache and dizziness. The ancients have long said, "Long-term consumption of tonifying the kidney, eliminating evil and detoxifying, and removing bad breath make people feel Qing Xiang." In some residential areas in Nanjing, mint is often planted in front of houses and behind buildings. Residents often take its leaves or buds, or fry or cook soup to clear away heat and turbidity, which can be eaten and watched. Mint can be used as ground cover and flower border ornamental cultivation in low humidity gardens, which has the advantages of quick soil covering and less pests and diseases, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Industrial use

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1, food additive

Adding a small amount of mint essence to some foods, cakes, candies, wines and drinks will have an obvious fragrant and pleasant cool smell, which can promote digestion and stimulate appetite.

Candy cakes used as food additives mainly include cool mint cakes, eight-treasure cakes for invigorating stomach, mints, brown sugar, chewing gum and throat lozenges. Alcohol and beverages using mint products mainly include mint wine, mint tea, mint dew, mint refreshing drink and mint honey water with hangover relieving effect.

2. Tobacco flavoring agent

Adding menthol to flue-cured tobacco can obviously weaken the pungent taste of tobacco, become gentle and elegant, and have stronger palatability, which is more suitable for women and the elderly.

3, daily seasoning bactericide

Widely used in toothpaste, tooth powder, mouthwash and other oral cleaning products.

It is also used in skin care cosmetics and washing products such as cold cream, shaving cream, aftershave, toilet water, perfume, soap, facial cleanser, mask, shampoo, hand sanitizer, shower gel, sunscreen cream, etc.

Adding a proper amount of peppermint oil into household sanitary products such as air freshener, sanitary sterilization, insecticide, towel, sanitary towel, deodorizing and sterilizing insole, health underwear, bedding, etc., not only has the effect of cooling and fragrance, but also has the wonderful effect of sterilization and disinfection.

Medical use

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1, pharmacological action

Stimulation and inhibition of nerves: mint products can stimulate the central nervous system, make the skin feel burning and cold, and inhibit and paralyze sensory nerve endings; Therefore, it can be used as an anti-irritant and a skin irritant. It not only has anti-allergic and antipruritic effects on skin itching, but also has obvious relieving and analgesic effects on neuralgia and rheumatic joint pain.

Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects: mint products have desensitization, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects on mosquito bites; It also has obvious antitussive, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects on upper respiratory tract infection; It has repercussive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects on hemorrhoids and anal fissure;

Stomach-invigorating and wind-dispelling effects: The formula of peppermint-containing products has exciting effects on taste nerves and olfactory nerves in the oral cavity. It can stimulate oral mucosa, promote oral saliva secretion, stimulate appetite, increase blood supply to gastric mucosa and improve digestive function. Conducive to the treatment of indigestion, relieve abdominal distension and stagnation. It can also be used to treat hiccups and spasmodic stomachaches. In addition, mint also has a good effect of expelling intestinal wind, which can reduce intestinal swelling, relax intestinal muscle peristalsis and relieve intestinal hernia pain.

The role of fragrance and seasoning: mainly use the unique cool and pleasant smell of mint to cover up and improve the discomfort of some drugs with peculiar smell and difficult to swallow.

2, the way of medicine

There are three main ways to use mint products in the medical field:

Chinese herbal medicine decoction or Chinese patent medicine prescription uses dried mint leaves or whole mint grass;

Menthol or mint tablets are used in Chinese patent medicine or western medicine formula;

Peppermint oil or essential oil is used in Chinese and western medicine formulations;

3. Drug classification

Chinese and western medicines with menthol and oil as main ingredients or formulas can be divided into three categories: oral administration, external use and injection:

The main oral medicines are: Ren Dan, Shidishui, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, Zhike Syrup, Jiejing Zhitong Tincture, Weitongning Oral Liquid, Baohou Tablet and Runhou Tablet.

Topical drugs mainly include: cooling oil, safflower oil, white flower oil, essential balm, prickly heat water, antipruritic condensate, itching water, prickly heat powder, calamine liniment, Wuji ointment, dermatitis flat ointment, dampness-removing and pain-relieving ointment, and nasal odor.

Injections mainly include: compound mint injection, compound lidocaine hydrochloride injection, etc.

★ 4. Toxic and side effects

Menthol and oil have a strong paralyzing effect on mammals. If taken in excess, it will lead to respiratory paralysis and death. Therefore, the dosage of drugs should not exceed the prescribed limit (except for medicinal purposes, it generally does not exceed 2mg/kg body weight per person per day).

Application prospect:

With the progress of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, mint series products will be widely used. In recent ten years, shampoo, shower gel, soap and other products containing a small amount of menthol and oil have been favored by people. Aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil to calm nerves and eliminate fatigue has gradually become popular; In particular, menthol and its derivatives, complexes-menthyl salicylate, menthyl anthranilate and other mint series new products have also been widely used in sunscreen cosmetics, hair growth essence, wrinkle cream, emulsion, scar lotion and some weight-loss health care products.

In addition, according to the latest foreign medical research results, peppermint oil produced in China has a unique anticancer effect.

Application progress:

1, Anti-cancer: According to the BBC, British scientists have recently discovered that a common mint leaf in Chinese medicine has special effects on treating cancer. Peppermint leaves can prevent the growth of blood vessels in cancer lesions, so that cancer can not get blood supply, and eventually "starve" to death. A professor in university of salford, England, said that he hoped that the medicine made from mint leaves could enter clinical application as soon as possible.

2. Antivirus: Chen Zuji and others pointed out that Mint Decoction can inhibit herpes simplex virus infection, but increasing the amount of infection has no inhibitory effect. It has been reported abroad that the water extract of mint has inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, Semliki forest virus and mumps virus, but it has no effect on influenza.

3. Promoting transdermal absorption: Foreign studies show that menthol can significantly promote the transdermal absorption of acetaminophen and triamcinolone acetonide, increase the bioavailability of Bupleurum, and significantly promote the transdermal absorption of acetaminophen. This effect of promoting transdermal absorption may be due to menthol changing the transdermal permeability of drugs by changing the structure of stratum corneum lipids.

4. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory: Wang Wei and others analyzed the components of peppermint essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the 265,438+0 components identified, isophorone (465,438+0.22%), β-caryophyllene (65,438+00.065,438+0%) and spartanol (2.89). The antibacterial activity of mint essential oil was studied by agar diffusion method and micro broth dilution method. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis and Proteus had the largest inhibition zones.

5. Effect on central nervous system: Studies show that subcutaneous injection of menthol can promote the activity of mice in a dose-dependent manner, which may be related to dopamine. Animal experiments show that menthol has a protective effect on the brain. Both peppermint oil and peppermint oil have central inhibitory effect, which can obviously prolong the sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium. There is a dose-effect relationship between menthol and pentobarbital.

Etiquette:

Mint is the representative of aromatic plants, and there are many varieties, each of which has a cool fragrance. Colors are white, pink, lavender and so on. , low-key and unobtrusive, forming a unique flower stem of Labiatae.

Huayu: a virtuous person

Gift-giving etiquette: plant several kinds of mint seedlings in several ceramic flowerpots and put them in wooden boxes as gifts. If you can insert a label next to each potted flower, explain the mint product.

Kind, the effect will be better.

Dietotherapy: mint has dual functions of medicine and food. The main edible parts are stems and leaves, and can also be eaten by squeezing juice. Edible, mint can be used as flavoring agent, spice, wine and tea.

1. mint porridge: add clean water 1l to fresh mint 30g or dried mint 15g, fry for about 0.5l on medium fire, take out mint, and leave juice after cooling. Cook porridge with 150g stem rice. When the porridge is ready, add mint soup and a little rock sugar and boil it.

Efficacy: fresh and refreshing, dispelling wind and dissipating heat, appetizing and helping digestion.

2, mint tofu: 2 pieces of tofu, 50 grams of fresh mint, 3 fresh onions, add 2 bowls of water to fry, fry until the water is halved, that is, eat hot.

Efficacy: It can treat cold, stuffy nose, sneezing and runny nose.

3. Mint shredded chicken: chicken breast 150g, cut into filaments, add egg white, starch and salt and mix well for later use. 150g mint stalks are washed and cut into the same parts. Heat the oil in the pan to 50% heat, and pour the shredded chicken into the oil. Take another pot, add base oil, add minced onion and ginger, add cooking wine, mint stalks, shredded chicken, salt and monosodium glutamate, and sprinkle with pepper oil.

Efficacy: Eliminating fire and relieving summer heat.

4, mint cake: take 500 grams of glutinous rice and mung beans, mint 15 grams, 25 grams of sugar, a little osmanthus. Boil mung beans until cooked, then add sugar, osmanthus fragrans and mint leaves to make stuffing for later use. Stew the glutinous rice, put it in a box to cool, then wrap the bean paste with glutinous rice and crush it with a mallet.

Efficacy: cool, dispel wind and dissipate heat, clear throat and benefit throat.

5, fresh mint crucian carp soup: 1 live crucian carp, cut clean, cooked with clear water, add 1 root onion, 1 slice of ginger, 20 grams of fresh mint, boil water, put seasoning and oil and salt, and eat the soup with meat. Take/kloc-0 once a day for 3-5 days.

Efficacy: It can cure children's chronic cough.

6, mint soup Wash the mint leaves, chop them up, scald them with boiling water, and put a little salt and sesame oil.

Efficacy: detoxify and reduce fire.

7, mint herbal tea: a little fresh mint leaves, washed, brewed in boiling water, added with appropriate amount of sugar, naturally cooled. Drink 3 ~ 5 cups a day, and you will feel comfortable and energetic after drinking.

8. Mint ice: Boil 4 bowls of water in a pot, add mint and cook for 5 minutes, and let it cool. Put mint water in the refrigerator and freeze it into ice particles. When you have a sore throat or dry mouth, chew some ice particles in your mouth to cool your throat. Mint wine takes peppermint oil 10g, 50ml of rice wine and 50ml of yellow wine. Mix peppermint oil with rice wine and yellow wine and drink it on an empty stomach in the morning and evening.

9, mint tea: use mint leaves to make tea, the soaking method is the same as ordinary tea, drinking has a cool feeling, is a good medicine for clearing heat and diuresis.

10 In addition, the stems and leaves of mint have special fragrance, which can be used to make chewing gum, toothpaste and so on. , and has the effect of refreshing and purging fire.

1 1. mint can be used to brew honey, and its honey is dark amber with strong mint special smell. Has high medicinal value.