What are the ancient civilizations in human history?

Babylon: From 4000 BC to 2250 BC, the whole Arab civilization was born.

Ancient Egypt: In 3500 BC, it gave birth to the whole African civilization.

Ancient Greece: From 3000 BC to 1 100 BC, the whole European civilization was born.

Ancient India: In 2000 BC, it gave birth to the whole South Asian civilization.

Ancient China: At the beginning of the 30th century BC, it gave birth to the whole East Asian civilization.

The four ancient civilizations are said by China people (ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient India and ancient Babylon), but not by the west.

The five ancient western civilizations have the following statements:

Ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Babylon, ancient Mexico (Maya).

Ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Babylon, ancient Greece.

Ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Babylon, ancient Inca.

But the calendar is one of the most important symbols in the history of human civilization.

In ancient times, the calendar was the main symbol of civilization.

The five ancient civilizations in the world: ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Babylon and ancient Mexico are all famous for their calendars.

The ancient Egyptian solar calendar originated around 4000 BC. The solar calendar of Babylon originated in the middle of 4000 BC. The Mayan solar calendar in ancient Mexico originated more than 3 100 BC. The lunar calendar in ancient India originated around 2500 BC; The ancient lunar calendar in China originated from about 2 100 BC.

Therefore, the five ancient countries should be a group including ancient Mexico.

Ancient Greece is the birthplace of five major civilizations:

Ancient China-birthplace: the Yellow River Basin in China, which gave birth to the whole East Asian civilization.

Ancient Greece-birthplace: Aegean Islands in Europe, which gave birth to the whole European civilization.

Babylonia-birthplace: two river basins in West Asia, which gave birth to the whole Arab civilization.

Ancient Egypt-birthplace: the Nile valley in North Africa, which gave birth to the whole African civilization.

Ancient India-birthplace: Indus Valley in South Asia, which gave birth to the whole South Asian civilization.

First of all, I answered in the next question that the selection of "several great civilizations" is unscientific in itself, and a layman like Liang Qichao dares to mention it. Unfortunately, he has no authoritative position in history, and it was put forward through poetry rather than serious historical works, so only China people admit it, and foreign countries don't. There are no so-called "five ancient civilizations" abroad, and foreign historians and history textbooks only cite several ancient civilizations, and there is no "several ancient civilizations" selection activity that amateurs are keen on.

Secondly, the term "ancient civilization" is also unscientific. The word "cradle of civilization" is used in the west to avoid the relatively limited concept of state power. You are like ancient India, not a complete country at all, but more than N city-states. The same is true of the ancient two river basins. Can it be summarized by ancient countries?

If history is regarded as the "cradle of civilization", then at least it must meet several necessary conditions: first, the history is long enough that it will not emerge within three thousand years; Second, civilization is developed, which usually requires political power, metallurgical technology, writing and even business contacts; Third, it is quite large. If it is too small, how can it be called "big"? Fourth, it should have a far-reaching impact on the inheritance of future generations' civilization.

History books all over the world like to mention the five great civilizations, namely Mesopotamia (civilization in two river basins), ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient China and ancient Greece.

It is obviously unscientific to replace the civilization of the two river basins with Babylon. About 2000 years before Babylon appeared, the earliest human civilization appeared in the two river basins, such as Sumerian civilization, which developed city-states, armies and religions and invented cuneiform characters. Then there are Akkadian civilization, Ur civilization and so on, all earlier than Babylon. Then came the more powerful Assyrian Empire. Babylon is only the late stage of civilization in the two river basins, and it has followed the earlier civilization in civilization. So it is more scientific to replace Babylonian civilization with Mesopotamian civilization.

Needless to say, ancient Egypt entered the civilized era a thousand years later than the two river basins, but it came from behind with the advantages of unity and stability. As long as you look at the magnificent pyramids 4,500 years ago, you will not doubt Egypt's leading position in that era.

The ancient Indian civilization was a little later (2500 BC), but it was very developed, with weights and measures and writing. Just did not form a strong and unified country to continue to develop. And its influence on later generations is limited, so that there is no archaeological discovery, and we don't even know that there was such a civilization.

China's ancient civilization was late, and China historians tend to take the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago as the boundary, while foreign countries only recognize the Shang Dynasty 3,500 years ago. The latter is irrefutable evidence. The Erlitou site in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty has evidence of palace and bronze smelting, which is of course civilized. Moreover, China's ancient civilization has a greater influence and the longest inheritance.

Ancient Greek civilization belongs to a "rising star". I'm not just saying that it appeared late, the key is that it was "discovered" late. Even the radical western centrists dare not compare 3,000-year-old Greece with ancient Egypt and the civilizations in the two river basins without the excavation of ancient monuments such as Crete in the past hundred years to promote our understanding of ancient Greece. According to the current archaeology, the Aegean civilization, the predecessor of ancient Greek civilization, should have a history of 3500 or even 4000 years. They began to use more advanced ironware when they used bronzes in Shang Dynasty. Judging from the development degree, regional scale and especially the far-reaching influence of Greek civilization, it is still qualified that ancient Greek civilization is regarded as one of the cradles of human civilization. Today, the knowledge system of our formal education is mainly established in ancient Greece, including China. It may not be the "source of civilization", but it is the most far-reaching one after all.

The other civilizations mentioned above are slightly inferior. Perhaps the Phoenician civilization is barely one, the ancient Persian civilization is a little late, the ancient Jewish civilization can basically be classified as the two rivers civilization, and the ancient Roman civilization appeared too late, which is obviously the successor of the ancient Greek civilization. As for the early civilization of America, it appeared too late and was not developed enough, which had little influence on later generations. These are not good to ascend to the height of the cradle of human civilization.

In short, human civilization is the product of the synchronous development of * * *, and we only need to know the development process of local civilizations, so there is no need to forcibly choose "several ancient civilizations".