What are the basic lightning protection measures?

Lightning protection refers to the protection technology to intercept and dredge the discharge that eventually leaks into the ground by forming a comprehensive system, so as to prevent the building itself or its internal equipment from being damaged by direct lightning or lightning electromagnetic pulse.

I. Self-safety protection

1. When there is a gap of about one minute between two lightning strikes, try to hide in a place that can be protected. If the above conditions are not met, you should kneel down immediately, bend forward and tuck your knees in your hands.

2. In the wild, you can also rely on tall trees for lightning protection, but remember to stay at least two meters away from the trunk and leaves. By analogy, it is not suitable to stay under isolated chimneys, beside tall metal objects and under telephone poles. Besides, it's not safe to stand under the eaves. It's better to go into the building at once.

3. If you hold metal umbrellas, golf clubs, axes and other things in the thunderstorm, you must throw them away or make them lower than the human body. There are some so-called insulators, such as hoes, which are not insulated in thunderstorm weather.

4, thunderstorm, indoor turn on the light should avoid standing under the lamp holder line.

5. It is not advisable to use a shower. Because the water pipe is connected with lightning protection grounding, lightning current can be conducted by water flow, causing casualties.

Second, the protection of household appliances.

1, avoid household appliances as much as possible in thunderstorm weather, and unplug the electrical power plug and signal plug.

2. If possible, power surge arresters should be installed at the power supply entrance, and signal surge arresters should be installed at the cable TV antenna, telephone, fax machine, computer modem entrance and satellite TV cable interface. But when installing, you should have a good grounding wire and a good grounding network.

3. Listen to the weather forecast every day. When you know that there is a thunderstorm that day, unplug the power plug and signal plug of household appliances before going to work, and don't forget to close the doors and windows when you go out to prevent the intrusion of rolling thunder.

Third, the protection of buildings.

1, it is appropriate to use lightning protection net (belt) or lightning rod installed on buildings or lightning arrester composed of them. Lightning protection nets (belts) shall be laid along the corners, roofs, eaves and cornices that are vulnerable to lightning strikes, and a grid of not more than 10m× 10m or 12m×8m (the grid density is determined according to the building type) shall be formed on the whole roof. All lightning rods shall be connected with each other through lightning protection belts.

2. There should be no less than two down leads, which should be evenly or symmetrically arranged around the building, and the spacing should not be greater than 18m (the spacing of down leads should be determined according to the building type). When only the steel column or column reinforcement around the building is used as the down lead, the down lead can be set according to the span, but the average span of the down lead should not be greater than 18m.

3. The impulse grounding resistance of each down conductor should not be greater than10Ω. Lightning protection grounding device should be the same as lightning induction protection, electrical equipment and information system grounding device, and should be connected with buried metal pipe; When it is not used or connected, its distance on the ground shall meet the requirements of Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings and shall not be less than 3m.

In the case that * * * is connected with the buried metal pipeline by a grounding device, the grounding device should be laid around the building as a ring grounding body.