Is the opening for pruning branches flat or soft?

In fruit tree pruning, when different people prune the same branch, they leave different incisions and produce different effects. Because of the length of the piles left behind, the slope of the cut will have different effects, mainly because these piles and cuts left behind can enhance the growth, weaken the growth and slow down the growth of fruit trees. At the same time, if the incision is not well left, it will seriously lead to the wound being difficult to heal and easy to infect the disease. Fruit trees are not well pruned, why is it difficult to heal wounds? This is mainly due to the difficulty of wound healing after fruit tree pruning, which is not only related to the size and correctness of the cut surface, but also related to climate, soil, planting technology and fruit tree growth. If it grows vigorously, after pruning and proper management, the wound will heal easily, but if it is too big and belongs to shoots, it will be difficult to heal in cold winter. On the other hand, if the cut is kept neat, many leafy branches will be sent out from the cut in the second year. Therefore, experienced fruit farmers summed up such a formula, "thin on the back, ears on the back, buds on the back." This means that when thinning the branches on the back, the incision should be flat and no piles can be left; When thinning the back branches, the incision should be downward and outward, like a horse's ear. Also, when pruning large branches, there is also a saying that "the back of the saw is close to the tree, leaving 1 cm below, and the kerf should be flat to protect the wound". I hope my answer is helpful to you.