July temperature in Qingdao (3 1 day)

Qingdao News Network February 1 Recently, the reporter learned from the Qingdao Meteorological Bureau that the meteorological conditions in Qingdao in 2009 belong to the preferred year. Except for the severe drought in autumn, no major meteorological disasters occurred. The annual average temperature 13.3℃, annual average precipitation 604. 1mm, and annual average sunshine hours 2424 hours. Qingdao Meteorological Bureau also issued the Qingdao Climate Bulletin in 2009, which reads as follows:

I. General Situation of Climate in 2009

1. Overview

There was frost in early spring and hail in early summer in 2009. In midsummer, there are three consecutive rainstorm weather processes in July, which are cool in midsummer, dry and low in autumn, and early in winter. Generally speaking, there were no large-scale meteorological disasters in our city in 2009, and the intensity was relatively small, so this year's meteorological conditions belong to the preferred year.

2. Main meteorological elements

Temperature In 2009, the annual average temperature of the whole city was 13.3℃, which was 0.9℃ higher than normal and 0.4℃ higher than the previous year, and it was 12 since 1997. The extreme maximum temperature is 38.2℃ (June 25th in Laixi), and the extreme minimum temperature is-13.9℃ (1October 24th in Pingdu).

Precipitation In 2009, the average annual precipitation in the city was 604. 1mm, 56.5mm less than normal and 287.8mm less than the previous year.

Rizhao In 2009, the annual average sunshine hours in the city was 2424 hours, which was 98. 1 hour less than normal and more 150 hour more than the previous year. The maximum sunshine hours in Laixi are 2638 hours, and the minimum sunshine hours in Qingdao are 2300 hours.

3. Important weather and climate events

In 2009, there were periodic droughts, local droughts in spring and summer, and citywide droughts in autumn, among which autumn drought was the most serious. From September to 65438+ 10, the rainfall in our city is 40.6 mm, which is only 39% of normal. Most districts and cities have no effective precipitation for more than 50 days, and the soil moisture is poor. The drought area reached1240,000 mu, which seriously affected the late growth of summer corn, and the sowing of wheat was delayed by about 15 days compared with normal years. Drought has also caused drinking water difficulties in individual mountain villages in Laoshan District.

In June, the city suffered three hail and thunderstorm attacks (on June 5, 29 and 30, respectively), which caused wheat lodging in some towns and villages and damaged trees and watermelons to varying degrees. According to incomplete statistics, * * * caused economic losses of 6 1.902 million yuan, including Jimo 39.06 million yuan, Laixi 1.8 1.000 yuan and Pingdu 4.842 million yuan.

The gale lasts for 9.4 days on average in the whole city, with 3 1 day in the urban area, which is less than normal. The average number of windy days in offshore islands is 59 days, which has a certain impact on the safety of offshore operations. On April 25, there was a 9-level gale of 23.8 m/s in the urban area. On June 30th, an 8-magnitude gale of 19.6 m/s occurred in Zhang Ying town, jiaozhou city, which caused 44 houses and 26 school buildings to be damaged, and some trees fell and broke, resulting in a direct economic loss of about 1 10,000 yuan.

Rainstorm From July 9th to14th, there were three consecutive rainstorms in our city. The average precipitation in the city is 154.6 mm, of which the urban area, Laoshan District and jimo city are more than 200 mm, causing most small reservoirs and ponds in the city to overflow, and 23 large and medium-sized reservoirs are running at high water level.

* * * lightning accident occurred in our city 10. Among them, on April 5th 14:30, 8 farmers in Tongjiazhai Village, Dazeshan Town, pingdu city were struck by lightning, 1 person died on the spot, and the other 7 people went into shock for a short time.

Cold wave In 2009, cold waves appeared early and frequently in our city. The first cold wave occurred on June 365438+1October 0, and the first snowfall occurred on1October 2 165438, both nearly one month earlier than normal. During this cold wave, the average temperature drop of the whole city reached 8℃, and that of pingdu city reached 9.3℃. Due to the cold wave and strong cooling that affected our city 18 times in two months, the temperature from 1 1 to1February continued to be low, which was 1.8℃ and 0.2℃ lower than normal, respectively, which was really rare.

There were two frosts from April 15 to April 2 1, in which the lowest temperature in the early morning of April 16 in Pingdu, Jimo and Jiaozhou was-1.2℃, and the lowest temperature in Laoshan Beijiushui was only-1.4℃. Frost caused freezing damage to fruit trees, leading to a general reduction in production, of which apricot trees reduced production by more than 50%, the most serious being 80%, and field cherries reduced production by about 50%.

Fog In 2009, there was fog 4 1 day in the urban area, which was less than normal 10.5 day, but there was more fog in autumn and winter. 101On October 29 ~ 30, Qingdao was hit by the biggest dense fog since autumn, with visibility of at least 30 meters, which seriously affected Qingdao's traffic.

Second, the characteristics of climate change in Qingdao in recent hundred years

Through the statistical analysis of temperature and precipitation observation records in Qingdao from1899 to 2009, the changes of temperature and precipitation in Qingdao have the following characteristics:

1. Temperature change

The average annual temperature in Qingdao 1899 to 2009 is 12.4℃ (referred to as century average). There were two warmer periods: 1935 ~ 1946, the average temperature was 12.6℃, which was 0.2℃ higher than the annual average; 1988 to 2009, the annual average temperature was 13. 1℃, which was 0.7℃ higher than the century average. 1999 and the average annual temperature in 2007 reached 13.8℃, the highest since 1899. The average annual temperature in Qingdao is generally on the rise (figure 1), and the linear warming rate of the whole temperature series is1.04℃100 (1899 ~ 2009), which is much higher than the national average of 0.58℃/109.

Figure 1 1 899 ~ 2009 annual average temperature change at Qingdao Station (the green line is the temperature change curve and the red line is the moving average of 10).

The historical extreme maximum temperature in the urban area is 38.9℃ (in July 2002 15) and the historical extreme minimum temperature is-16.9℃ (in June193/kloc-0+10). With the acceleration of global warming and urbanization, the warming speed has been accelerated in recent years, and the following extreme weather and climate events have also occurred frequently.

2. Precipitation changes

1899-2009, the average annual precipitation in Qingdao was 685.5mm (referred to as the century average). Among them, from 1946 to 1976, the annual average precipitation is 795.4 mm, which is higher than the century average of 109.9 mm. The precipitation in six years exceeds 1000 mm (once in a hundred years), which is the longest precipitation duration in Qingdao. During the period of 1977 ~ 1992, the average annual precipitation was 576.6 mm, which was lower than the century average of 108.9 mm, and it was a period of less precipitation. Among them, the annual precipitation of198/kloc-0 was only 308.3 mm, which was the least in Qingdao.

Fig. 2 Annual precipitation change during Qingdao Railway Station 1899 ~ 2009 (the blue line in the figure is the precipitation change curve and the red line is the fitting trend line).

note:

① Data source: The temperature and precipitation of Shanghai Meteorological Observatory 1899 ~ 1905, Guanxiangshan Meteorological Observatory 1905 ~ 1970 and Fulongshan Meteorological Observatory 197 1 ~ 2009 were collected.

② Linear heating rate: the slope of the change trend of data series obtained by linear regression.

Third, the climatic characteristics of Qingdao

Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, bordering the Yellow Sea in the south, and has a temperate monsoon climate. Northwest wind prevails in winter, southeast wind prevails in summer, rain and heat are the same season, and the four seasons are distinct. Influenced by the ocean, from northwest to southeast coastal areas, the maritime climate characteristics are more and more obvious. The climate is mild and humid, with abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer. There are many sea fogs in late spring and early summer, and the climate is pleasant. "Late spring, cool summer, cool autumn and long winter" is an obvious seasonal change feature in Qingdao coastal areas.

Climate is usually characterized by the average value and deviation from the average value in a certain period, which mainly reflects the basic characteristics of a region such as cold, warm, dry and wet. The date of the data is the last 30 years. At present, Qingdao adopts the observation data of 197 1 ~ 2000.

The average annual temperature in Qingdao is 12.7℃, the average annual precipitation is 662. 1mm, the average annual wind speed is 5.2m/s, the average annual gale is 57.6 days, and the average annual foggy day is 5 1.5 days.

The annual average temperature in Qingdao is 12.4℃, the annual average precipitation is 660.7mm, the annual average wind speed is 3.4m/s, the annual average windy days are 16.9 days, and the annual average foggy days are 35.4 days. (Qingdao News Network reporter Dong)