The specific route of Magellan's voyage around the world

1, Diaz: Portugal-Indian Ocean-southernmost tip of Africa-Cape of Good Hope.

Columbus: Starting from the port of Barros-crossing the Atlantic-Cuba-Haiti (America)-Lisbon-Barros.

Magellan: Starting from the port of San Tarouca in Spain-crossing the Atlantic Ocean-going south along the coast of South America-crossing the strait at the southern tip of the American continent (namely strait of magellan)-Pacific Ocean-Philippines-Indian Ocean-Cape of Good Hope-Spain.

This is from the standpoint of Americans, because Indians created a high degree of civilization before16th century. After Columbus discovered the new American continent, the invasion of western European colonists destroyed the ancient Indian civilization and interrupted the development of Indian society. Because of wars, massacres, epidemics, etc. The population dropped sharply and the survivors were surrounded or forced into the mountains. Bring them great disaster.

In fact, there are few Americans left in the real sense. At that time, as a colony, many native Indians were killed. Now there is a' Columbus Day' in the United States, which was first commemorated in 1792. At that time, it was the 300th anniversary of Columbus' arrival in America, and the Tammuni Association of new york launched a commemorative activity.

1893, the Columbus exhibition was held in Chicago, and a grand commemorative event was held again. Since then, every year on this day, most states in the United States will hold celebrations, parades, church services and school activities to commemorate this historic day.

However, some people say that Americans have a bad attitude towards Columbus. 65438+ 10/2 is the anniversary of Columbus's "discovery" of America. In recent years, Columbus's position in American schools has declined, and many teachers began to try to introduce his "other side" from a more balanced perspective, that is, what happened after Columbus arrived in the Caribbean, including the suffering brought to the local aborigines. So dialectically, there are good and bad. Although Columbus brought disasters, massacres and colonial plunder, he also broke people's ideological shackles and promoted people's ideological liberation.

Extended data:

Magellan's maritime deeds:

In A.D. 1480, Magellan was born into a declining knight family in Portugal. At the age of eight, Magellan was sent to the palace and became a waiter. There, he began to receive some education. Magellan lived in the palace for nearly five years. He used to be the queen's maid and was deeply loved by the queen.

After coming out of the palace, Magellan continued to study, and he soon became interested in sailing. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, Magellan entered the maritime affairs office. There, he learned about the great voyages of Columbus and da Gama, and began to study the most advanced geography and navigation technology at that time. Soon, his research was interrupted.

1505, Magellan was drafted into the army and participated in the Portuguese military conquest of East India and Malacca until the end of the war in 15 1 1. After several years of navigation and war, Magellan gained a lot of navigation knowledge and experience, which laid a solid foundation for his great voyage around the world.

15 1 1 year, Magellan who just returned from Malacca was sent to the battlefield in North Africa. After returning to China, he continued to work in the maritime department. At this point, Magellan's mind was already conceiving a grand adventure. He firmly believes that starting from Portugal and sailing west, bypassing the southern tip of the "New World" discovered by Columbus, you can definitely reach the Damo Luca Islands.

He consulted relevant information and referred to the experience of many other navigators, and put forward a complete plan. He longed for the plan to be accepted by the king, but the Portuguese king regarded Magellan's plan as a fantasy. Magellan felt greatly insulted. He left his motherland in anger and went to Spain. He wants to find a supporter and sponsor for his plan.

Shortly after Magellan arrived in Spain, he met astronomer Luis Farreru, who had the same experience as himself. Louis Faleru, also a Portuguese, found a method to measure longitude accurately, but it was ignored in Portugal. Magellan and Louis Falleru hit it off at once. Magellan explained his plan to Farrell, who agreed and was willing to help Magellan realize his ideal.

Magellan and Faleru came to the Indian Committee in Seville, and they declared that the Moluccas, as the most important source of Portuguese wealth, should belong to Spain because it is located on the Spanish side of the western hemisphere (according to the world demarcation line 1494).

Magellan eloquently argued that there must be a strait discovered by Balpuya between the Atlantic Ocean and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean), which is located in the south of the Holy Cross. From Spain, cross this strait to the west, you can enter the South China Sea, and then you can go to Damocka Islands.

Magellan's plan and exposition persuaded the people present, and the Spanish king sent representatives to summon them. Finally, King Charles I of Spain promised to equip five ships with treasury funds and provide food and supplies for the expedition for two years. Because Fallujah refused to take part in the expedition on the eve of sailing, Magellan became the only leader of the expedition. The crew of the fleet includes 225 crew members, 26 volunteers, 4 captains appointed by the King of Spain and Magellan himself, totaling 256 people.

Columbus's voyage:

Columbus was engaged in navigation all his life. Moved to Portugal and Spain. It is believed that the earth is spherical, and that sailing from Europe to the west can reach India and China in the east.

With the support of the king of Spain, he made four voyages (1492 ~ 1493, 1493 ~ 1496, 1498 ~ 1500,/kloc-). Opened a route across the Atlantic to the United States. Arrived in Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Dominica, Trinidad and other islands.

First landed on the American continent on the south bank of Parria Bay. The coastline of Honduras in Central America, which reached more than 2,000 kilometers in Lianwan, was investigated. Know the isthmus of Panama; The wind direction changes of the Atlantic Ocean blowing east wind at low latitudes and west wind at high latitudes were discovered and utilized. The correctness of the theory of earth sphere is proved. Promoted the connection between the old continent and the new world. He mistakenly thought that the new world he arrived in was India and called the locals Indians. It became a pioneering work in history. . .

1492 started its maiden voyage on August 3rd. Columbus, with a crew of 87 people, set out from Barros, Spain, in three ships. 10 year 10 month 12 day, he arrived and named San Salvador Island in Bahamas. 65438+1arrived in Cuba Island on October 28th, which he mistakenly thought was the Asian continent. Then he went to Hispaniola Island (now Haiti Island) in the West Indies and made a survey on the north shore of the island. 1493 March 15 returned to Spain.

The second voyage started at125 September, 493, and he led the ship 17 from the port of Cadiz, Spain. The aim is to establish permanent colonial rule in what he called Asia continent India. There are 1500 people taking part in this voyage, including royal officials, technicians, craftsmen and soldiers. 1494 In February, due to food shortage and other reasons, most ships and personnel returned to Spain.

He led three ships to continue to explore the "Indian mainland" in the waters south of Cuba Island and Hispaniola Island. During this voyage, his fleet arrived in Dominica, antigua island, the Virgin Islands of leeward islands and Puerto Rico. 1496 June 1 1 Back to Spain.

The third voyage started on May 30th, 1498. He led six ships and about 200 crew members from Seville, Spain. The purpose of this voyage is to confirm the legend that there is a continent (namely South America continent) south of the island discovered in the previous two voyages. On July 3 1 day, the fleet arrived in Trinidad Island in the north of South America and Parrilla Bay in Venezuela. This is the first time that Europeans have discovered South America. Later, Columbus was arrested by the envoy sent by the king in June of 1500, and was accused and sent back to Spain. Columbus was soon released because of opposition from all sides.

The fourth voyage started in May 1502, 1 1. He led four ships, 150 crew, and set out from the port of Cadiz. The discovery of Columbus's third voyage shocked Portugal and Spain. Many people think that the place where he arrived is not Asia, but a "new world" that Europeans have never been to.

So King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ordered Columbus to sail again to find the waterway leading to the Pacific Ocean in the middle of the New World. After he arrived in Hispaniola, he crossed the sea between Cuba and Jamaica and sailed to the western Caribbean. Then he turned to the south and sailed about 1500 km along the coasts of Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama to find the passage between the two oceans.

He also learned from the Indians that he was driving along the isthmus that separated the two oceans. As the ship 1 was destroyed in the conflict with Indians, and the other three ships were damaged one after another, Columbus abandoned the ship and landed in Jamaica on June 1503, and returned to Spain on October 71504+065438+/kloc-0.

Columbus said: The man who can dig up gold and sweet springs in the barren land that others think is called a genius.

Diaz's sailing route:

1487 In August, Portuguese navigator Bacelo Meiu Diaz led an expedition consisting of three ships, with the aim of going south along the west coast of Africa, bypassing Africa and opening up a sea route to India.

After leaving Lisbon, Diaz led the fleet south along the route explored by his former captain. After 22 degrees south latitude, he began to explore sea areas that European navigators had never been to. At about the beginning of 1488 1, Diaz sailed to the 33rd parallel. On February 3rd, 1488, arrived in port elizabeth.

Diaz knew that he had really found a way to India. In order to prove his idea, he asked the fleet to continue sailing northeast. Three days later, they came to a corner in the depths of the ocean, which Diaz called "Storm Corner". Later, it was renamed the Cape of Good Hope by the Portuguese King.