What's the forecast of CCTV satellite cloud image?

Meteorological observation and forecast are closely related to the national economy and people's daily life, and the appearance of meteorological satellites provides revolutionary technical means for meteorological observation. Meteorological satellites are equipped with various meteorological remote sensors, which can remotely detect visible light, infrared and microwave radiation of the earth and the atmosphere, detect temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and other information, and convert them into electrical signals and transmit them to the ground. The ground station recovers the electric signal sent by the satellite, draws various pictures of clouds, surface and ocean, and then obtains various meteorological data through further processing and calculation. The meteorological nephogram of CCTV weather forecast program is drawn according to the meteorological observation data sent back by meteorological satellites.

There are two kinds of satellite cloud pictures of CCTV weather forecast. One is the synchronous orbit satellite cloud picture, and there are various cloud systems and latitude and longitude networks on the image. One is the polar-orbiting satellite cloud picture, where there are oceans, clouds, plateaus, deserts, ice and snow, vegetation and rivers. Satellite cloud pictures are divided into visible light cloud pictures, infrared cloud pictures, panoramic cloud pictures and regional cloud pictures. The cloud images directly received by the satellite are only black and white images. In order to facilitate the study and make it easy for the audience to understand, meteorologists drew national boundaries and city signs for the cloud map, and colored the cloud map according to the spectral principle to make it close to people's visual habits: green represents vegetation; Ochre yellow means land; Blue means ocean and so on. Because large cloud systems reflect sunlight, the signals of various cloud systems received by meteorological satellites are gray-white, so the colors of large rain cloud systems we see from satellite cloud images are gray-white, not thick black.

The work of making satellite cloud pictures is quite complicated. Every morning, the weather forecaster on duty should determine the type of cloud image used in the weather forecast. Meteorological center personnel process the received images as required, including cloud image positioning, mosaic processing, projection transformation, geometric distortion correction, radiation distortion correction, drawing isobars and isotherms, etc. Usually, the image data of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites are received twice a day, and the meteorological data of three adjacent tracks (each track is about 3000 kilometers wide) are received each time. These data can be projected and spliced to obtain a meteorological cloud map that can completely cover China. Then, color synthesis and local amplification will be carried out. In addition, the cloud images of geostationary orbit satellites will be received every half hour, covering about a quarter of the earth's surface. Making these cloud pictures into cartoons can vividly show the changes of various cloud systems and predict the trend of weather systems accordingly.

1In April 1960, the United States successfully launched the first meteorological satellite "Tyrus"1,which proved the great value and superiority of using satellites for meteorological observation. Meteorological satellites have a wide observation area, long observation time and fast collection of observation data, which can improve the quality of meteorological forecast and is more important for long-term weather forecast. Meteorological data provided by meteorological satellites have been widely used in daily meteorological operations, meteorological science, atmospheric physics, oceanography and aquatic research. The development and application of meteorological satellites are extremely rapid. Meteorological satellites gradually expand from near-earth orbit to sun-synchronous orbit, and then further develop into synchronous orbit. Polar orbit and synchronous orbit meteorological satellites can complement each other to realize global meteorological observation. At present, the global meteorological satellite observation network has greatly improved the accuracy and timeliness of meteorological forecasting, and can forecast disastrous weather in advance, making great contributions to social development.

In the early 1960s, China made a preliminary exploration in meteorological satellite technology and atmospheric remote sensing. Since 1970s, China has been receiving data from foreign meteorological satellites, and has done a lot of research in cloud image analysis, infrared and microwave remote sensing and weather forecasting. In 1980s, the single-station receiving and processing system of American "Tyros -N" series meteorological satellites was introduced. On June 1 986+1October1,China broadcasted satellite meteorological cloud pictures and weather forecast for the first time on TV. On September 7, 1988 and September 3, 1990,/kloc-0, China successfully launched two polar-orbiting meteorological satellites, marking a new stage of satellite meteorology in China. The main remote sensing devices of FY- 1 are two five-channel visible and infrared scanning radiometers with a scanning width of 3000km and a resolution of 1. 1km. Each channel is used to photograph daytime cloud pictures, day and night cloud pictures, water, ice, snow and vegetation images, ocean water color images, surface and sea surface temperatures and images. Other important equipment on the satellite includes three kinds of image transmission systems and computers. The satellite is a hexahedron of1.4×1.2 m, weighs 900 kg, has an orbital height of 90 1 km, and orbits the earth 14 times a day. The ground system consists of three ground data receiving stations in Beijing, Guangzhou and Urumqi and a data processing center in Beijing National Satellite Meteorological Center. The data received in Guangzhou and Urumqi are transmitted to the center in real time through communication satellites, and the data in Beijing are transmitted to the center through microwaves. The center processes meteorological satellite data and produces satellite cloud pictures for meteorological research and forecast. During the normal operation of these two satellites, China used its own high-quality satellite cloud images for weather forecast. In addition to using the cloud image of FY-1 satellite, China usually receives and uses the data of NOAA polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of the United States and Japanese sunflower synchronous-orbiting meteorological satellite.